Magister Legum - LLM (Criminal Justice and Procedure) / The fight against human trafficking requires a broad range of approaches, including the eradication of crimes that facilitate trafficking of human beings. The idea of committing crimes within crimes is common in most national regimes just as it is in transnational and organised crimes. For instance, transnational crimes such as money laundering and human trafficking always are accompanied by various types of corruption such as petty, grand or bureaucratic corruption. As the Southern African Development Community (SADC) States Parties strengthen strategies to address human trafficking, the region continues to face an increase of trafficking of persons into Europe and Asia, as well as within Africa. There are various causes of human trafficking, such as poverty, hunger and deteriorating economies, as victims are promised luxurious lives in the countries to which they are trafficked. The poverty and stunted economies in most African countries make it easy for corruption to flourish because most police and immigration officers occupy low-paying ranks, making them highly susceptible to bribery and other corrupt incentives.

Magister Legum - LLM (Criminal Justice and Procedure) / The fight against human trafficking requires a broad range of approaches, including the eradication of crimes that facilitate trafficking of human beings. The idea of committing crimes within crimes is common in most national regimes just as it is in transnational and organised crimes. For instance, transnational crimes such as money laundering and human trafficking always are accompanied by various types of corruption such as petty, grand or bureaucratic corruption. As the Southern African Development Community (SADC) States Parties strengthen strategies to address human trafficking, the region continues to face an increase of trafficking of persons into Europe and Asia, as well as within Africa. There are various causes of human trafficking, such as poverty, hunger and deteriorating economies, as victims are promised luxurious lives in the countries to which they are trafficked. The poverty and stunted economies in most African countries make it easy for corruption to flourish because most police and immigration officers occupy low-paying ranks, making them highly susceptible to bribery and other corrupt incentives.

Submitted by Vasti Diniz (vastijpa@hotmail.com) on 2017-12-27T12:14:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1653034 bytes, checksum: 547e5f6e479d6371024cb504e0a75ebc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-27T12:14:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1653034 bytes, checksum: 547e5f6e479d6371024cb504e0a75ebc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-21 / The research sought to examine social aspects and the legal implications of the transit of transvestites from Paraiba, Brazil to Italy. For this, semi-structured interviews with 8 transvestites aged 19 to 35 years old who prostitute themselves or have prostituted themselves in Italy and the observations were recorded in a field diary; through the collected data, we could put together experiences and perceptions and standards relating to human trafficking in Brazil; checking as the official speeches in Brazil, engendered in documents and interviews with the public authorities engaged in actions of investigative and judicial processes, expressed in laws, policies, and government actions, are consistent with strategies to control immigration in Europe, combining xenophobia and transphobia in order to contribute to the marginalization and criminalization of Brazilian transvestites involved in the European sex trade. It appeared that they repackage subjective and socially in displacement between the borders of an increasingly globalized world, and increasingly plastic bodies and increasingly fluid genders, organizing for both networks of solidarity and sociability by reputable speech officials as criminals, and, from this, we discussed the trafficking of humans from the collation of perceptions of transvestites trafficking, society and public managers. Their results enabled the (re) discussion of how this phenomenon has been discussed in order to afford those citizens not only protection but also freedom and respect. / A pesquisa buscou avaliar aspectos sociais e as implicações jurídicas do trânsito de travestis paraibanas para a Itália. Para isso, foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas com 8 travestis com idades entre 19 e 35 anos que se prostituem ou já se prostituíram na Itália e registradas observações em diário de campo; a partir dos dados depreendidos desse material, confrontaram-se vivências e percepções com normas e políticas atinentes ao tráfico de pessoas, no Brasil; verificando como os discursos oficiais no Brasil, engendrados em documentos e entrevistas realizadas junto a autoridades públicas empenhadas em ações de investigação e processos judiciais, expressos em normas, políticas públicas e ações governamentais, coadunam-se com estratégias de controle migratório na Europa, conjugando xenofobia e transfobia de modo a contribuir com a marginalização e criminalização de travestis brasileiras inseridas no comércio sexual europeu. Constatou-se que elas se reformulam subjetiva e socialmente no deslocamento entre as fronteiras de um mundo cada vez mais globalizado, entre corpos cada vez mais plásticos e gêneros cada vez mais fluidos, organizando-se para tanto em redes de solidariedade e sociabilidade reputadas pelo discurso oficial como criminosas, e, a partir disso, discutiu-se o tráfico de pessoas a partir do cotejo de percepções de travestis, sociedade e gestores públicos. Seus resultados possibilitaram e possibilitam a (re)discussão da forma como este fenômeno vem sendo abordado, de modo a assegurar a essas cidadãs não apenas proteção, mas também liberdade e respeito.

This article studies the relationship between trafficking for sexual exploitation and prostitution. The study of this relationship will focus on the positions advocating the criminalization of prostitution and/or conduct consumer / customer. This analysis leads us to analyze, first, the crime of trafficking in persons. In this line, we will discuss the issue on the legal right; and its characteristic as complex crime comprising various means, behaviors and purposes. Second, we will approach the four kinds of legislative policies prostitution: reglamentarism, prohibitionist, abolitionist and regulationism. The critical study of these models will allow us to outline a tentative conclusion on the criminalization of prostitution and consumer behavior / customer. / El presente artículo estudia la relación entre la trata con fines de explotación sexual y la prostitución. El estudio de esta relación se focalizará en las posturas que abogan por la criminalización de la prostitución y/o de la conducta del consumidor/cliente. Dicho análisis nos llevará a analizar, en primer lugar, el tipo penal de trata de personas. En esta línea, expondremos la problemática sobre el bien jurídico; y su característica como delito complejo integrado por distintos medios, comportamientos y fines. En segundo lugar, nos aproximaremos a las cuatro clases de políticas legislativas en materia de prostitución: reglamentarismo, prohibicionismo, abolicionismo y regulacionismo. El estudio crítico de estos modelos nos permitirá esbozar una conclusión provisional sobre la criminalización de la prostitución y de la conducta del consumidor/cliente.

This dissertation looks at the concept of “trafficking in persons” and how it has been created, interpreted and utilized in the international sphere and in Canada. Using the approach of Critical Legal Pluralism (CLP), it examines the legal regulation of trafficking as being created through a bi-directional constitutive process, with paradigmatic conceptions of trafficking having a hand in creating regulation as well as being influenced by it. Through a review of data retrieved using a variety of qualitative methods as well as classic legal analysis, this dissertation explores the operation of various social actors and their effect on the determination of what trafficking is, and who is worthy of protection from it. In Part One the international framework is outlined through a discussion of the creation of the dominant paradigm of trafficking and implementations of it. Chapter One traces the history of the anti-trafficking movement by looking at the development of the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, and by examining the creation of dominant discourses around trafficking. Chapter 2 uses CLP to examine the influences of a variety of actors on the creation of these discourses and the repercussions the discourses have had on the implementation of anti-trafficking policies. Part Two then turns to the Canadian context. In Chapter Three, classical legal methodologies are employed to discuss Canada’s obligations under international law with respect to trafficking, as well as the creation of definitions of trafficking in the Canadian legal regulatory context. Chapter Four then reviews data from Canada to discuss the ways in which various actors have been involved in the creation and operation of the dominant paradigm and how it in turn affects the operation of trafficking-related legal constructs. Ultimately, it is found that due to the influence of the dominant paradigm and the motivations that aid in its operation, programs and policies framed under the rubric of “trafficking” necessarily fail to achieve meaningful redress for the groups they purport to benefit. On this basis, an alternative approach is suggested to address phenomena currently being dealt with through anti-trafficking frameworks. A move is suggested away from a focus on “trafficking” to a sectoral approach, accounting for the complexities and histories of individuals subject to exploitative circumstances.

No description available.

Este estudo teve como objetivo abordar aspectos comparativos de cooperação internacional focando o tráfico internacional de pessoas para fins de exploração sexual. Inicíase a abordagem refletindo sobre a dignidade da pessoa humana e as questões socioculturais que permitem que a exploração sexual continue a existir e necessite uma investigação e persecução diferenciada de outras modalidades criminosas. A cooperação internacional, entre órgãos governamentais e não governamentais, é discutida em razão da transnacionalidade do crime de tráfico internacional de pessoas e atuação de organizações criminosas. O estudo comparativo de legislações e melhores práticas implementadas pelos Estados é realizado principalmente em relação aos países membros da União Europeia e do MERCOSUL e busca apontar pontos positivos e deficiências a fim de sugerir ações que devem ser implementadas ou melhoradas para que o tráfico internacional de pessoas para exploração sexual possa tornar-se cada vez mais difícil de ser realizado / This work aims to address comparative aspects of international cooperation focusing on international trafficking in persons for sexual exploitation. The approach initiates reflecting on the dignity of the human person and the socio-cultural issues that allow the sexual exploitation to continue to exist and to require an investigation and prosecution that differs from other criminal procedures. International cooperation, between governmental and non-governmental organizations, is discussed because of the transnational nature of the crime of international trafficking in persons and of the activities of criminal organizations. The comparative study of legislation and best practices implemented by the States addresses mainly the European Union and MERCOSUR member States and seeks to identify strengths and weaknesses in order to suggest actions that should be implemented or improved so that the international trafficking in persons for sexual exploitation may become increasingly difficult to realize.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:23:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Patricia Tolotti Rodrigues Donati.pdf: 2567175 bytes, checksum: 7109aec1a26f4b01466e7652608b85ea (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-09-23 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This study addresses human trafficking in terms of sexual exploitation, forced labor, slavery or similar condition, as well as organ, tissues and cell trafficking. This is a multidimensional phenomenon on the rise in the current world scenario promoted by organized crime and shows the most advanced stage of a long-lasting phase of social exclusion. This time it will be briefly analyzed the current situation of trafficking in persons, factors contributing to its occurrence, relevant conceptual delimitations as well as the importance of the discussion of the legal nature of the victim's consent. It will be also given an overview of the main international instruments related to the issue, especially the supplement to the United Nations Convention against transnational organized crime on the prevention, suppression and punishment for trafficking in persons particulary as for women and children. Similarly, it will also be considered the evolution of Brazil s legislation since the Criminal Code of the Republic of the United States of Brazil dated 1890 which pioneered the inclusion of human trafficking in our legal system to the recent legislative changes added to the Criminal Code by Law No. 11,106 / 2005 and 12,015 / 2009 and the National Policy to Combat Human Trafficking and its resulting National Plan to Combat Human Trafficking. Moreover, this investigation will exploit criminal prosecution of trafficking in persons, in its inquisitorial phase, according to the Brazilian reality and the countries belonging to the triple border Argentina, Uruguay and Paraguay. Meanwhile, in addition to other barriers to effective curb this criminal mode, it will be highlighted the lack of specificity and adequacy of our internal laws on trafficking in persons revealing inefficient and outdated legislation which favors both the occurrence of the offense in question and the impunity of the liable parties / A presente dissertação discorre acerca do tráfico de pessoas, sob a vertente da exploração sexual, trabalho forçado, escravidão ou condição análoga e tráfico de órgãos, tecidos e células, fenômeno multidimensional em ascensão no atual cenário mundial fomentado pela criminalidade organizada que se exibe como o estágio mais avançado de um longo estágio de exclusão social. Desta feita, serão analisados, brevemente, a atual conjuntura do tráfico de pessoas, fatores ensejadores a sua ocorrência, relevantes delimitações conceituais bem como a importância da discussão acerca da natureza jurídica do consentimento da vítima. Também será dado um panorama geral sobre os principais instrumentos internacionais afeitos ao tema, em especial o adicional à Convenção das Nações Unidas contra o crime organizado transnacional relativo à prevenção, à repressão e à punição do tráfico de pessoas, em especial mulheres e crianças. No mesmo sentido, também sopesar-se-á a evolução legislativa pátria, desde o Código Penal da República dos Estados Unidos do Brasil de 1890, pioneiro ao responsabilizar pela primeira vez em nosso ordenamento jurídico o tráfico de pessoas até as recentes alterações legislativas inseridas no Código Penal vigente pelas Leis nº11.106/2005 e nº12.015/2009 bem como a Política Nacional de Enfrentamento ao Tráfico de Pessoas e seu decorrente Plano Nacional de Enfrentamento ao Tráfico de Pessoas. Outrossim, explorar-se-á a persecução penal do tráfico de pessoas, em sua fase inquisitorial, consoante a realidade brasileira e dos países pertencentes à tríplice fronteira: Argentina, Uruguai e Paraguai. Nesse ínterim, além de outros entraves ao efetivo combate dessa modalidade delituosa, se corroborará a falta de especificidade e de adequação de nossas leis internas sobre o tráfico de pessoas, revelando ineficácia e desatualização legislativa favorecedora à ocorrência do delito em pauta bem como a impunidade dos seus responsáveis

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T14:17:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Eloisa Gabriel dos Santos.pdf: 672225 bytes, checksum: 9f94a399599c3e1be795183c97740742 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-11-13 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This paper is about a testimony of three young women, whom are trafficking in persons target, in the city of Uruaçu, countryside of Goiás. The proposal is to discuss the political and subjective aspects that involve the universe of these women. Consist of a theoretical and methodological analysis, articulating the historical, cultural and political dimensions, based in the paradigm of human rights. The direction used was articulate the knowledge about trafficking in person for sexual exploitation, built in three years, combine with the militant practice about this theme. For a didactical effect, the analysis is organized in four parts: a) reflection about the concept of trafficking in persons, combined with the human rights issue; b)analysis of the causes that contribute to trafficking in persons, as the fetish, money, violence and subjectivities; c) the research, the subject and its contexts, and; d) analysis of the National Policy to Counter Trafficking in Persons and the subsidies to the Social Service: the politic of the Policy and the professional assistance issues / Este estudo mostra o depoimento de três jovens mulheres, alvos do tráfico de pessoas na cidade de Uruaçu, interior de Goiás, e tem como proposta discutir os aspectos políticos e subjetivos que envolvem o universo dessas mulheres. Constituiu-se em uma análise teórica e metodológica, a partir das dimensões histórica, cultural e política, com base no paradigma dos direitos humanos. O caminho adotado foi articular os saberes já construídos, nestes três anos e meio de estudo, acerca do tráfico de pessoas para a exploração sexual comercial, aliados à prática militante no que se refere a este tema. Para efeito didático, a análise está organizada em quatro momentos que se integram: a) reflexão sobre o conceito de tráfico de pessoas, sob o ponto de vista dos direitos humanos; b) análise dos fatores que contribuem para o tráfico de pessoas, abordando o fetiche, o capital, a violência e a subjetividade; c) a pesquisa, os sujeitos e seus contextos e; d) análise do Plano Nacional de Enfrentamento ao Tráfico de Pessoas e os Subsídios para o Serviço Social: a política do plano e as questões do atendimento profissional

Trafficking in persons is a phenomenon that threatens not only basic human rights but also source, passage and destination countries / therefore, it rightfully draws international attention. Being a global threat, it necessitates cooperation and intervention. The aim of the thesis is to analyze anti-trafficking efforts in Turkey by focusing on a particular international initiative. To this end, the International Organization for Migration (IOM) is selected as a case and its activities in Turkey are mentioned with the ultimate goal of questioning its effectiveness in the process of fighting against trafficking in persons. The thesis examines the phenomenon of trafficking in persons with a conceptual analysis by dwelling upon the objectives, function and perspective of the IOM. It concentrates on the IOM, which actively assists the Turkish government in every aspect of migration and in combating human trafficking with a particular focus on trafficking in women through the counter-trafficking program implemented in 2004. The thesis also aims at evaluating whether international and local actors take effective actions that cover both the prevention and punishment of trafficking in women, and the protection of victims&rsquo / rights. The binding international legal instrument on the subject matter, the UN Trafficking Protocol of 2000, will be referred to and different approaches to the evaluation of the problem will be mentioned so as to present the focal points of the varying goals.