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The Sermo antequam iret in exilium and the Sermo cum iret in exsilium are two homilies allegedly pronounced by John Chrysostom in Constantinople at the end of summer 403, some time between the verdict of the Synod of the Oak and the day he left the city for his first exile. The aim of the thesis is to demonstrate that a new critical edition of these texts is needed before any study of their literary and historical value can be conducted. Chapter one sketches the historical background to which the text of the homilies refers and a concise survey about previous scholarship on the homilies on the first exile, from the time of Montfaucon’s edition until our days. The problem of the authenticity occupies the last part of the chapter. Chapter two investigates the history of the texts and takes into account both the direct and indirect traditions. It discusses the existence of double recensions hitherto unknown and provides the prefatory material for the new critical edition of recensio α of Sermo antequam iret in exilium and of the Sermo cum iret in exsilium. Chapter three comprises the Greek editions of the two homilies, as well as a provisional edition of the Latin version of the Sermo antequam iret in exilium. Chapter four is divided into two parts, each presenting a philological commentary on the text of the new editions. Systematic analysis of all the most important variant readings is offered. The final chapter summarizes the new findings and assesses the validity of previous criteria used for discerning the authenticity of the homilies on the exile.

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The thesis is focused on comparison of selected Czech translations of the novel by Russian writer Leo Tolstoy War and Peace. It is based on an extensive selected material to identify a degree and a quality of the overall approximation of the selected Czech translation to the original text of the novel, especially respecting the aesthetic values of the work, its lexical - semantic, syntactic and stylistic plane. The thesis assesses furthermore the adequacy of the translated texts relatively needs of their readers or pragmatic aspect. The conclusion summarizes the results of analysis, which lead to deepening our knowledge of these issues and their usage in the practice of translation. The Annex contents the interview with Mr. L. Dvorak who is the last translator of the novel. Key words: artistic translation, translation as an act of communication, equivalence, adequacy, obsolescence of translation, orientation to readers, shift in translation, Czech translations of the novel War and Peace

The thesis deals with Czech translations of Swedish literature and their reception between 1948 and 1989. Against the background of contemporary societal changes and culture policy, it tries to answer the questions who, why, when and under which circumstances translated Swedish literature and how the political situation influenced the selection, the translation process and the publishing of the works. The thesis describes individual translations in their contemporary historical, cultural and social context. It also includes reactions to Swedish literature in Czech press, most notably reactions were published in the Světová literatura journal. The thesis also contains a bibliography of the translations that were published during the period and profiles of the most prominent translators.

Text in English / This study examines and discovers the translation strategies as employed in the Sesotho sa Leboa translation of Mandela's Long Walk to Freedom. Mandela's Long Walk to Freedom was published in 1995 and was translated into Sesotho sa Leboa by S M Serudu in 2001. The Sesotho sa Leboa translation of the life history of Mandela, Leetotelele go ya Tokologong (Long Walk to Freedom) is one of the four completed translations to date that form part of the assignment to translate the original text into the official languages of South Africa. The aim of this study is to investigate the translation strategies used to transfer linguistic and cultural items in the translation of Mandela's autobiography. The study is mainly qualitative and examines the strategies employed by Serudu. For data collection, the source and target texts of Mandela's Long Walk to Freedom as well as the semi-structured face-to-face interviews with four translators into Sesotho sa Leboa, isiZulu, isiXhosa and Afrikaans were used. The study is based on the Descriptive Translation Studies Theory, Bassnett and Lefevere's "cultural turn" as well as the domestication and foreignization strategies. In this case, it investigates if Serudu has domesticated and/or foreignized his translation. The findings revealed that Serudu domesticated his translation by using metaphors, similes, personification, euphemism, hyperbole, proverbs, idioms and the use of descriptive words. Foreignization was also found when the translator dealt with the borrowing and loaning of words where most of the concepts were transferred, Sotholised, retained and transferred, as they were, especially culture specific items. / African Languages / D. Litt. et Phil. (African Languages)

Text in English / This study focuses on the strategies and devices used to create humour in children’s literature. No language is a replica of another language and it is generally accepted that a translator has to be creative in order to make the Source Text (ST) meaning available to the Target Text (TT) reader. The research conducted in this study aims to fill a gap regarding the application of humour in the rather under-researched field of children’s literature. A descriptive framework was used to conduct this qualitative study in order to be able to describe the linguistic strategies and devices used to translate the English source text by Roald Dahl, Charlie and the Great Glass Elevator into the Afrikaans Target Text, Charlie en die Groot Glashyser by Kobus Geldenhuys. Literary devices to create humour, employed by both the writer and the translator, were identified and analysed. Interviews and reading sessions with ST learners (English) as well as TT learners (Afrikaans) were conducted in order to observe their non-verbal reactions as well as document their verbal comments to complement the data obtained from the textual analysis. The textual analysis showed that the literary device most frequently applied in the ST was the simile and the main trend regarding the transference of humorous devices to the TT was to retain the device with formal equivalence. The most popular translation strategy was direct translation with the most important shifts identified on morphological and lexical level and shifts in expressive and evoked meaning were relatively low. With regard to the reading sessions, the most positive results from both groups of learners regarding humorous devices in the ST and TT were obtained for the device of inappropriate behaviour. / Linguistics and Modern Languages / M.A. (Linguistics)

Introdução: Indivíduos vítimas de traumatismo cranioencefálico (TCE) frequentemente apresentam sintomas pós-concussionais, que são manifestações somáticas, cognitivas, sensório-perceptivas, emocionais ou comportamentais. A síndrome pós-concussional (SPC) é caracterizada pela presença de três ou mais sintomas pós-concussionais, por período mínimo de três meses ou mais. Cerca de 30% dos pacientes que apresentam TCE leve e moderado desenvolvem a SPC. No Brasil, não existem instrumentos disponíveis para avaliar os sintomas pós-concussionais e diagnosticar a SPC. Objetivos: Este estudo teve como objetivo disponibilizar uma versão do Rivermead Post Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire e do Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory para a cultura brasileira e avaliar suas propriedades psicométricas quando aplicados em pacientes que tiveram TCE leve ou moderado. Método: O processo de adaptação transcultural foi realizado de acordo com as etapas propostas na literatura: tradução, síntese das traduções, retrotradução, comitê de especialistas e pré-teste. As análises psicométricas compreenderam a avaliação da confiabilidade e validade. Uma amostra de 276 indivíduos de 19 a 87 anos, de ambos os sexos, que tiveram TCE leve ou moderado, respondeu os seguintes instrumentos: caracterização sociodemográfica e clínica, as versões brasileiras do Rivermead Post Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire (RPQ-Br) e do Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory (NSI-Br), o Inventário de Depressão de Beck I (BDI I) e o questionário de qualidade de vida WHOQOL-bref. A confiabilidade foi verificada por meio da consistência interna, utilizando-se o alfa de Cronbach. A validade de conteúdo foi avaliada pelo grau de concordância nos comitês de especialistas, utilizando-se o Índice de validade de conteúdo e o Coeficiente de validade de conteúdo. Foi verificado a validade convergente por meio da análise de correlação dos escores dos instrumentos validados com o escore do BDI I e o WHOQOL-bref. A validade de constructo foi verificada por meio da realização da análise fatorial exploratória e semi-confirmatória. Resultados: As versões adaptadas apresentaram evidências de equivalências semântico-idiomáticas, culturais e conceituais, com elevada aceitabilidade. Os achados evidenciaram um coeficiente de alfa de Cronbach de 0,918 para o RPQ-Br e de 0,966 para o NSI-Br. Foram constatadas correlações significativas de moderada a muito forte entre os escores dos instrumentos adaptados na avaliação de sintomas depressivos e qualidade de vida. A análise fatorial exploratória demonstrou que a estrutura de fatores é diferentes do que foi encontrado nos instrumentos originais. Os instrumentos RPQ-Br e NSI-Br apresentaram estruturas compostas por dois e três fatores respectivamente, com saturações significativas ( > 0,40) e explicando respectivamente 56,5% e 65,3% da variância total do constructo. Os resultados relativos ao ajuste do modelo foram, de forma geral, satisfatórios (RPQ-Br: Goodness of Fit Index(GFI)=0,968, Adjusted for degree of Freedom(AGFI)=0,957, Root mean square error of aproximation(RMSEA) < 0,05, Bentler\'s Comparative Fit Index(CFI)=0,974; NSI-Br: GFI=0,992, AFGI=0,989, RMSEA < 0,05, CFI=1,016). Conclusão: As versões brasileiras do Questionário Rivermead de sintomas pós-concussionais e o Inventário de sintomas neuropsiquiátricos foram adaptados transculturalmente para o português brasileiro, apresentando medidas psicométricas confiáveis e válidas / Introduction: After a traumatic brain injury (TBI) post-concussion symptoms (somatic, cognitives, emotional or behavioral) are commonly reported by patients. Post-Concussion Syndrome (PCS) is the term to describe the presence of three or more post-concussion symptoms for periods of minimum three months. Around 30% of patients with mild and moderate TBI have persistent symptoms. Currently, there is no instrument that has been created, adapted or validated for the Brazilian context that evaluates post-concussion symptoms. Objective: This study aimed to tcross culturally, and assess the psychometrics properties of the Brazilian versions of Rivermead Post Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire and Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory in patients post mild and moderate TBI. Method: The cross-cultural adaptation consisted of the following steps: translation, synthesis of translations, back translation, expert committee, pre-test. The analysis of psychometric properties were reliability and validity. A sample of 276 patients, between 19 to 87 years, from both sexes, who suffered mild or moderate TBI, answered the following instruments: sociodemographic and clinical instrument, the Brazilian version of the Rivermead Post Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire (RPQ-Br) and the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory (NSI-Br), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI I) and the World Health Organization\'s quality of life questionnaire WHOQOL-bref. The reliability was verified through internal consistency, using the Cronbach\'s alpha. The content validity was evaluated by the degree of agreement of the expert committee using the Content Validity Index, and the Content Validity Coefficient. The convergent validity was verified using the analysis of scores of the translated instruments with BDI I and WHOQOL-bref score. The construct validity was verified using the exploratory factor analysis and semi-confirmatory factor analysis. Results: The brazilian versions presented evidences of semantic-idiomatic, cultural and conceptual equivalences, with high acceptability. The results showed a Cronbach\'s alpha coefficient of 0.918 (RPQ-Br) and 0.966 (NSI-Br). There were a significant moderate to very strong correlations between the scores of the adapted instruments with the evaluation of depressive symptoms and quality of life. The factor analysis showed structure of factors different from the original instruments versions. The RPQ-Br and NSI-Br instruments had structures composed of two and three factors, respectively, with significant saturations ( > 0.40) and explaining respectively 56.5% and 65.3% of the total construct variance. The results regarding the fit of the model were generally satisfactory (RPQ-Br: Goodness of Fit Index(GFI)=0.968, Adjusted for degree of Freedom(AGFI)=0.957, Root mean square error of aproximation(RMSEA) < 0,05, Bentler\'s Comparative Fit Index(CFI)=0.974; NSI-Br: GFI=0.992, AFGI=0.989, RMSEA < 0.05, CFI=1.016). Conclusion: The cross-cultural adaptation was successfully performed and the Brazilian versions of the Rivermead Post Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire and the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory presented reliable and valid psychometric measures for use in the Brazilian culture

Cette thèse porte sur l’analyse de l’activité de traduction philosophique dans le processus de modernisation de Turquie et l’évolution de la conception de la traduction au cours du temps. Dans un premier temps, notre thèse se concentre sur l’histoire de la traduction philosophique. Nous présentons les traductions des textes philosophiques dans la période des Tanzimat et la période après la fondation de la République. Dans un second temps, notre thèse se propose de mener une étude comparative entre les différentes traductions des textes philosophiques. Les questions qui se posent peuvent être énoncées comme suit. Quels types de politique ont-ils pu adopter aussi bien sur un plan théorique que sur le plan du choix des textes à traduire ? Les politiques adoptées ont-elles présentées des modifications notables et significatives tout au long de la période considérée, selon l'évolution de la demande émanant des lecteurs ou selon les exigences des pouvoirs politiques qui se sont succédé ? / This thesis deals with the analysis of the philosophical translation activity in the process of modernization of Turkey and the evolution of the conception of translation over time. First, my thesis focuses on the history of philosophical translation. I present translation activities in general and translations of philosophical texts in the Tanzimat period and the period after the founding of the Republic. In the second section, my thesis proposes to carry out a comparative study between the different translations of philosophical texts. The questions that arise can be stated as follows. What types of policies have they adopted both on the theoretical level and on the choice of the texts to be translated? Have the policies that were adopted resulted in significant changes throughout the period under review, depending on the evolution of the demand from the readers or the requirements of the political authorities that have followed one another?

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