Several huge transport infrastructure projects have been implemented in the Scania region, Sweden, during the last two decades and more are on the way. The reasoning for constructions such projects usually include direct benefits on commuting cost savings and indirect impacts on agglomeration economies and, therefore, productivity in the region. While there is a consensus between researchers about the agglomeration impact on productivity, the effect of different types of transport infrastructure resulted in the heterogeneous estimates, varying both by sign and magnitude and  strongly depending on context. The aim of this thesis is to enrich the existing discourse with the new empirical evidence from Scania and answer the questions: What effect does agglomeration economies measures have on productivity in Scania? What effect do different types of physical transport infrastructure have on productivity in Scania?  What elasticities different types of transport infrastructure have in regards to productivity? The result of the research confirms the impact of employment density, specialisation, knowledge spillovers and urban amenities on productivity in Scania which is in line with previous research. Moreover, there is a significant negative effect of road-kilometres density (-0.0365) and positive effect of bus infrastructure in the form of service provision (0.0235). Railways show positive and significant effects as well in the form of distance to railway station (0.0327), but the data for this variable and therefore estimates could be improved. The thesis ends with the discussion of the results, limitations and possible policy implications.

Failure of slopes adjacent to the UK transport infrastructure causes delays and these are expensive assets to repair and maintain. Understanding the processes that lead to failure will assist asset managers both now and in the future in the context of a changing climate. The EPSRC-funded multidisciplinary FUTURENET project investigated the effect of climate change on the resilience of the UK transport network and this thesis is a part of that project considering the weather patterns leading to slope failures along transport infrastructure slopes within the UK. To that end a series of slope failure case studies were investigated to understand the processes leading to failure. These were compiled using nationally held datasets as well as news reports. This research used data from the FUTURENET partners that hold national data sets and asset management information. This shows the wide reaching remit of a multidisciplinary collaborative project such as FUTURENET, but also highlights the limitations of datasets collected and used for very specific purposes and not necessarily suited to wider research. From these case studies a suite of slope failure weather thresholds were developed. These thresholds consider the antecedent period, water content within the slope through the soil moisture deficit and triggering rainfall through comparison to the long term average rainfall. Consideration was given to possible future weather using weather event sequences (WESQs), possible weather patterns for 2050 derived from the UKCP09 climate projection data. By considering these possible weather patterns with the slope failure thresholds a picture of a possible future was evaluated.

Disertacijoje tiriamas investicijų į Lietuvos sausumos transporto infrastruktūros prioritetinę plėtrą pagrįstumas. Pagrindiniai tyrimų objektai yra: Lietuvos transporto sektorius, logistikos centrų ir transporto terminalų vieta Lietuvos transporto bei verslo sistemoje, jų ekonominė įtaka verslui. Šie objektai yra svarbūs tiek socialiniu, tiek ekonominiu aspektais, nes išvystyta, patraukli vežėjams transporto infrastruktūra padidina tranzitinius krovinių srautus, skatina vystymąsi eilės šakinių ūkio subjektų. Todėl disertacijoje tiriant logistikos centrų ir transporto terminalų reikšmę ir poveikį verslui ir Lietuvos ūkio plėtrai formuojamos teorinės ekonominės logistikos centrų ir transporto terminalų bei jų jungiamųjų grandžių plėtros prielaidos ir metodiniai sprendimai. Darbo tikslas: Disertaciniame darbe tyrimo tikslas yra ištirti hipotetinę naujų transporto grandžių ir terminalų reikšmę bei poveikį verslui, suformuluojant teorines ekonominės prioritetinės infrastruktūros ir tarpterminalinių vežimų plėtros prielaidas bei metodinius sprendimus. Darbą sudaro įvadas, trys skyriai, rezultatų apibendrinimas, naudotos literatūros ir autoriaus publikacijos disertacijos tema sąrašai ir priedas. Įvadiniame skyriuje analizuojami šalies ir užsienio mokslininkų požiūriai į tiriamą problemą, formuluojamas darbo tikslas bei uždaviniai, aprašomas mokslinis darbo naujumas, pristatomos autoriaus publikacijos, patei¬kiama disertacijos struktūra. Pirmajame skyriuje analizuojamas užsienio... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / This dissertation is analysing validity of investments into development of the land transport infrastructure in Lithuania. The fol-lowing main subjects have been researched: transport sector in Lithuania, the place of prioritized logistic centres and transport terminals within the transport and business system, the effect of them on business economy. These subjects influences both, social and economic aspects since a well-developed transport infrastructure being attractive for carriers may increase the flows of transit cargoes but also start stimulating development of different objects of economy. Therefore, by analysing the effects and influences of logistic centres and transport terminals on business and economy development in Lithuania, in this dissertation I have formulated some theory based economic assumptions and methodic solutions towards the development of logistic centers and transport terminals as well as their connecting chains. The objective of the research: to analyse the significance and influence of new transport chains on both, business and economical development of Lithuania as well as enunciation of theory based economic assumptions and methodical solutions for the development of prioritized infrastructures and transport terminals. The work comprises introduction, three chapters, result summary, bibliography, and refers to the author‘s publications on the dissertation topic as well as annexes. The introduction, refers to different attitudes of national... [to full text]

During the last several years till the beginning of the global financial crisis Lithuania’s economy was rapidly growing as per high percentage of GDP, growing sales and profitability of the industrial sector. These indicators speak about Lithuanian industry and different business areas being capable of adjus- ting to the complicated international market environment. Important factors leading to a faster and stable growth of the country’s economy are implementa- tion of modern technologies, renovation of companies, introduction of new operation processes as well as expeditious investment possibilities and commu- nication system effective functioning. Nowadays continuously intensifying processes of economic, social and political globalization necessitate foundation of large transport companies and integration of the existing transport systems of different countries into one glo- bal system thus forming international transport corridors that ensure faster mo- vement of vehicle flows (as well as material goods, i. e. cargoes) between diffe- rent countries, the entire process being based on application of modern logistic know-how for cargo carriage. Integration of Lithuania’s transport network into a common European transport system would be a good opportunity to attract additional transit flows and to warehouse cargoes in the logistic centres or terminals, at the same time creating rational transit transport policy and implementing one of the main principles of the... [to full text] / Disertacijoje tiriamas investicijų į Lietuvos sausumos transporto infrastruktūros prioritetinę plėtrą pagrįstumas. Pagrindiniai tyrimų objektai yra: Lietuvos transporto sektorius, logistikos centrų ir transporto terminalų vieta Lietuvos transporto bei verslo sistemoje, jų ekonominė įtaka verslui. Šie objektai yra svarbūs tiek socialiniu, tiek ekonominiu aspektais, nes išvystyta, patraukli vežėjams transporto infrastruktūra padidina tranzitinius krovinių srautus, skatina vystymąsi eilės šakinių ūkio subjektų. Todėl disertacijoje tiriant logistikos centrų ir transporto terminalų reikšmę ir poveikį verslui ir Lietuvos ūkio plėtrai formuojamos teorinės ekonominės logistikos centrų ir transporto terminalų bei jų jungiamųjų grandžių plėtros prielaidos ir metodiniai sprendimai. Darbo tikslas: Disertaciniame darbe tyrimo tikslas yra ištirti hipotetinę naujų transporto grandžių ir terminalų reikšmę bei poveikį verslui, suformuluojant teorines ekonominės prioritetinės infrastruktūros ir tarpterminalinių vežimų plėtros prielaidas bei metodinius sprendimus. Darbą sudaro įvadas, trys skyriai, rezultatų apibendrinimas, naudotos literatūros ir autoriaus publikacijos disertacijos tema sąrašai ir priedas. Įvadiniame skyriuje analizuojami šalies ir užsienio mokslininkų požiūriai į tiriamą problemą, formuluojamas darbo tikslas bei uždaviniai, aprašomas mokslinis darbo naujumas, pristatomos autoriaus publikacijos, patei¬kiama disertacijos struktūra. Pirmajame skyriuje analizuojamas užsienio... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]

This thesis is focused on financing of public goods through state funds, especially on the State Fund for Transport Infrastructure. The work consists of a general part, which is divided into three chapters focused on state funds, and special part, which is divided into two chapters focused on the State Fund for Transport Infrastructure. The first chapter of the general part at the beginning explains the terms of the budget and the budgetary system, and then presents the budgetary system of the Czech Republic. The second part deals with the term of fund management and explains setting of public funds system in the CzechRepublic. The second chapter of the general part deals with the general characteristics of state funds. At the beginning discusses the benefits of financing through state funds, then provides a brief overview of the history of state funds in the Czech Republic and at the end discusses the common characteristics and differences of the budgetary process and organizational structure of state funds. The third chapter of the general part is concerned on revenues and expenditures of state funds. The first subpart at the beginning compares the legal regulation of revenues and expenditures of state funds, then derives a typology of revenues and expenses and finally classifies legal categories...

High capacity transport infrastructure is often referred to as a one of key factors in regional development. The aim of this study is specify effects of capacity transport infrastructure in relation with accessibility to Prague on possible municipalities development in the Central Bohemia region. Basis of this research is identify indicators, that are significantly affected existence of transport infrastructure and accessibility strong core and then to formulate future development of concerned areas. We used spatial analysis methods with demarcation time accessibility zones for accessibility research. Long term development is monitored using index changes of relevant indicators between 2001 and 2011 and their significance are evaluated by analysis of variance. Key factors in municipalities on transport infrastructure were compared with SO ORP. Characteristic of significant effects in area has provide identification different values in development. In spite problematic data base this research confirmed development effects of high capacity roads, especially in demographic terms, but they are significantly influenced by the time accessibility to region core and area economic base. The results can be used as a document for deciding on territorial investment and to prediction effects for the planned transport...

Subject of current diploma thesis is study of transport infrastructure of Russian Federation. Study is reviewing development of transport after revolution to the present day, describes transportation network and main parts of it with emphasis on freight transportation. Study shows role of each form of transportation within the state and as a part international trade, shows major problems in every sector, prospects or development and strategic targets. Russian import-export structure proves, that country exports resources as main commodity and imports goods and services, which is a reason or importance of Sankt-Peterburg and Siberian regions and their development. Study also analyzes further dialogue regarding integration of Russia into European transportation network via corridors and cooperation in the matter of unification of technical and other norms and working on Nord Stream and other projects. Main inhibitor of integration process is underdevelopment of legislative and economical conditions and fragmentation of Russian government in key strategic decisions regarding long-term projects and obsolescence of Russian infrastructure. Cooperation can be profitable to both sides, to EU it brings resources and new markets, to Russia increase of economic welfare and modernization of standards).

A aderência entre os investimentos das Entidades Fechadas de Previdência Complementar (EFPCs) e as características dos negócios privados de infraestrutura de transporte sinalizam uma boa alternativa para alocação de recursos dessas entidades e a formação de um mercado de funding privado ao Brasil, porém, algumas barreiras de mercado, principalmente os riscos políticos-regulatórios, falta de garantias aos financiadores, alto valor pago pelos títulos públicos e os riscos inerentes ao processo de licenciamento ambiental, atualmente, impedem que haja um fluxo constante de capital para o setor. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo identificar como pode ser promovido um ambiente indutor de recursos das EFPCs à investimentos de infraestrutura de transporte no Brasil, como forma de aumentar o financiamento privado ao setor. Para tal, busca-se mediante a aplicação de um questionário junto aos gestores das EFPCs elencar quais são os principais entraves que dificultam os investimentos das mesmas em debêntures de infraestrutura de transportes. Para se preparar as questões, são organizados dados sobre o investimento em infraestrutura de transporte, o financiamento do setor, aspectos sobre a emissão de debêntures incentivadas de infraestrutura e os motivos que levaram as mesmas a não obterem grande inserção de mercado. Por sua vez, os dados resultantes da pesquisa são tabulados e apresentados sugerindo um conjunto de medidas estimuladoras ou mitigadoras de riscos que visam contribuir para redução dos entraves e favorecer a compra dos títulos de debêntures de infraestrutura de transporte. As sugestões são apresentadas sob uma discussão de como cada uma delas protege ou incentiva o investidor da debênture de infraestrutura. Por fim, para se testar o grau de sustentação das medidas propostas o trabalho lança mão um empreendimento protótipo que confronta, quando possível, os impactos de cada medida ou instrumento de garantia proposto frente aos indicadores da qualidade do negócio (Taxa de Retorno do empreendimento e payback) ou frente ao custo da tarifa paga pelo usuário. / The adhesion between the investments of Pension Funds (EFPCs) and the characteristics of private business transportation infrastructure indicates a good alternative for resource allocation of these entities and the formation of a private funding market in Brazil, however, some market barriers, especially the political regulatory risks, lack of guarantees to lenders, high value paid by government bonds and the inherent risks in the environmental licensing process, currently, prevents a steady flow of capital for the sector. This study aims to identify how it can be promoted a resource-inducing environment of EFPCs to transport infrastructure investments in Brazil as a way to increase private funding to the sector. To this end, the main goal is, by applying a questionnaire with the managers of EFPCs, outline what the main obstacles that hinder investments in the same transport infrastructure debentures. To prepare these questions the data are organized on investment in transport infrastructure, industry funding, aspects on the issue of debentures encouraged infrastructure and the reasons that led them to not achieve great market insertion. In turn, the resulting data of the survey are tabulated and presented suggesting a set of stimulatory measures or mitigating risks that aim to contribute to reducing barriers and encouraging the purchase of tickets infrastructure debentures. The suggestions are presented in a discussion of how each protects or encourages the investors infrastructure debenture. Finally, to test the degree of support of the work proposed measures, makes use of a prototype model that confronts, where possible, the impact of each measure or guarantee instrument proposed front of business quality indicators (Rate of Return of the project and payback) or against the cost of user-pay rate.

Uma das principais razões para a falta de competitividade dos produtores de soja da região centro-oeste do Brasil é o custo de transporte da fazenda até o porto de destino para exportação, o que ocorre em função do desbalanceamento da matriz de transporte brasileira. Tendo por objetivo demonstrar as vantagens do modal hidroviário para o transporte de commodities agrícolas por longas distâncias, este trabalho de pesquisa propõe o uso da análise de decisão multicritérios para fazer a avaliação estratégica de sete corredores de exportação da soja cultivada no estado do Mato Grosso, de acordo com quatro objetivos fundamentais: Impacto Social; Impacto Ambiental; Impacto Econômico; Custos de Manutenção da Via. Um caso hipotético demonstra a aplicação do modelo MCDA. / One of the main reasons for the Brazilian soybean producers lack of competitiveness is the cost of transportation from the farm to the export Ports, due to the country´s unbalanced transport matrix. Trying to show the advantages of water transportation to transport commodities for long distances, this research proposes the use of multi-criteria decision analysis to support the strategic evaluation of seven freight transportation corridors used to export the soybean produced in the state of Mato Grosso, according to four fundamental objectives: Social Impacts, Environmental Impacts, Economic Impacts and Investment Costs. A hypothetical case demonstrates the application of the MCDA model.

In 2013, China presented the idea of the infrastructure project One Belt One Road. The thesis aims to analyse the potential effects of the initiative, and how its attempt to improve transport infrastructure will impact EU-tourist flows to participating countries. A closer look to the effects on the tourism industry is justified because of the importance of the touristic sector for the global economy. For instance, the direct contribution of the touristic sector accounted for 2.3 trillion USD worldwide in 2016. A gravity model approach is used in the following paper to examine the significance of road, railway, air service as well as port infrastructure for tourists from the European Union. Afterwards, an OBOR simulation is carried out that forecasts a potential change for EU-tourist inflows. The results go in line with previous gravity model studies regarding the positive relationship of the GDP and the inverse influence of the distance on tourism flows. Furthermore, the findings suggest a significant impact of well-developed road, railway and air service networks. However, the quality of ports did not meet the expectations and is somewhat contra productive for the decision making of EU tourists. The simulation for the improvement of transport infrastructure implies that countries with an under-...