Let G = {g1, ¡K,gn} be a finite abelian group, and let LG = [gij ] be the Latin square defined by gij = gi + gj. Denote by k(G) the largest number of mutually orthogonal system containing LG. In 1948, Paige showed that if the Sylow 2-subgroup of G is not cyclic, then LG has a transversal. In this paper, we give an constructive proof for this theorem and give some upper bound and lower bound for the number k(G).

Abstract The dissertation consists of three articles in which the solvability of groups and the solvability of loops are considered. The first parts of the thesis survey some basic information and results on transversals and loops. The summarizing parts provide the three main results for the solvability of groups and loops.

Através do Método da Transversal Completa apresentamos neste trabalho a classificação dos germes simples de Rn em R, a classificação dos germes do plano no plano de corank 1 e A-codimensão no máximo 4 e uma breve classificação de bigermes de R em R2. / Applying the Complete Transversal Method we obtain, in this work, a classification of simple germs of smooth function from Rn to R, a classification of germs of maps from the plane to the plane with A-codimension up to 4 of corank 1 and an introduction to the classification of bigerms of maps from R to R2.

Através do Método da Transversal Completa apresentamos neste trabalho a classificação dos germes simples de Rn em R, a classificação dos germes do plano no plano de corank 1 e A-codimensão no máximo 4 e uma breve classificação de bigermes de R em R2. / Applying the Complete Transversal Method we obtain, in this work, a classification of simple germs of smooth function from Rn to R, a classification of germs of maps from the plane to the plane with A-codimension up to 4 of corank 1 and an introduction to the classification of bigerms of maps from R to R2.

The work that we are presenting in this document has its origins in IBEROTEC´s model of tutoring. It evolved from an educational proposal about working with transverse competences that made tutoring a tool for the development of these competences. Tutoring is very important, but secondary, in light of the objectives of the formation that intends to reach a particular graduate profile. In this sense, we saw the necessity of generating four principles to orient academic administration and the actions of tutors and teachers. Thus, what this document proposes is a model of academic administration oriented by the following four ideas: the student is autonomous and Iberotec´s principal idea is to contribute to that; the teachers are “learning provocateurs”, they provoke student´s learning; the work is formative; the institution is facilitating. These principles are more than a declaration of intention; they are a series of criteria for daily decision making and for the design of courses and the action plan for tutoring. / El trabajo que presentamos en este documento tiene su origen en el modelo de tutorías de IBEROTEC. Este devino en una propuesta educativa para el trabajo de competencias transversales, dejando a la tutoría como una herramienta para el desarrollo de competencias. Esta última es una herramienta muy importante pero secundaria frente a los objetivos de formación. En este sentido nos vimos en la necesidad de generar 4 principios que orientan la gestión académica, administrativa y la acción de los tutores y profesores. Así, lo que se propone en este documento es un modelo de gestión académica orientado desde las 4 ideas siguientes: El alumno es autónomo y la principal tarea de Iberotec es contribuir a ello; los profesores y tutores son “provocadores de aprendizaje”; el trabajo es formativo; la institución es facilitadora. Estos principios son, más que una declaración de intención, una serie de criterios para la toma de decisiones cotidianas, el diseño de unidades didácticas y del plan de acción tutorial.

This thesis analyses conflict dynamics in West Africa and assesses the role of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) as a security organisation in its response to armed conflict. In so doing, it argues that conventional approaches misinterpret key feature of the civil wars in the “Greater Mano River Area” which includes Liberia, Sierra Leone and C??te d’Ivoire. It demonstrates that the progression and spread of conflict is engendered primarily by transversal political structures. The thesis utilises a critical international society approach to consider patterns of security and insecurity across the sub-region of West Africa. However, rather than accepting that West African politics operates within a single, comprehensive international society, it argues instead that it should be understood at two levels. One level is state-centric international society, where West African inter-state relations can largely be explained according to existing constructivist paradigms. At the second level is “transversal” society that cuts across state borders, generating a regional, normative structure that prescribes and constrains behaviour within and between communities outside of the international society framework. The thesis proceeds in two parts. In the first section it works towards an understanding of the transversal politics of regional conflict in the Greater Mano River Area. Conflict is nominally internal, and centralised state authority is the object of both attack and transformation. However, a close examination of civil violence in Liberia, Sierra Leone and C??te d’Ivoire reveals that it cannot be completely understood without recognising the non-state structures of authority and domination that disrupt the traditional domestic/international divide. The transversal communities generated by conflict create a regional cycle of violence that is resistant to efforts made to resolve it. The second section of the thesis is concerned with the ability of ECOWAS to foster durable peace. As West Africa’s key regional organisation, ECOWAS would seem well-placed to respond to regional conflict. It is well-integrated, has significant normative legitimacy and has developed sophisticated security mechanisms. Critically however, as it was created within inter-state international society, ECOWAS is limited by its assumption that states are and should remain unitary actors. Its failure ultimately lies in its inability to respond to the alternative political contours of transversal communities.

This thesis analyses conflict dynamics in West Africa and assesses the role of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) as a security organisation in its response to armed conflict. In so doing, it argues that conventional approaches misinterpret key feature of the civil wars in the “Greater Mano River Area” which includes Liberia, Sierra Leone and C??te d’Ivoire. It demonstrates that the progression and spread of conflict is engendered primarily by transversal political structures. The thesis utilises a critical international society approach to consider patterns of security and insecurity across the sub-region of West Africa. However, rather than accepting that West African politics operates within a single, comprehensive international society, it argues instead that it should be understood at two levels. One level is state-centric international society, where West African inter-state relations can largely be explained according to existing constructivist paradigms. At the second level is “transversal” society that cuts across state borders, generating a regional, normative structure that prescribes and constrains behaviour within and between communities outside of the international society framework. The thesis proceeds in two parts. In the first section it works towards an understanding of the transversal politics of regional conflict in the Greater Mano River Area. Conflict is nominally internal, and centralised state authority is the object of both attack and transformation. However, a close examination of civil violence in Liberia, Sierra Leone and C??te d’Ivoire reveals that it cannot be completely understood without recognising the non-state structures of authority and domination that disrupt the traditional domestic/international divide. The transversal communities generated by conflict create a regional cycle of violence that is resistant to efforts made to resolve it. The second section of the thesis is concerned with the ability of ECOWAS to foster durable peace. As West Africa’s key regional organisation, ECOWAS would seem well-placed to respond to regional conflict. It is well-integrated, has significant normative legitimacy and has developed sophisticated security mechanisms. Critically however, as it was created within inter-state international society, ECOWAS is limited by its assumption that states are and should remain unitary actors. Its failure ultimately lies in its inability to respond to the alternative political contours of transversal communities.

No description available.

En el Perú actualmente el adulto mayor representa una población emergente en la demografía Peruana proyectándose a un crecimiento de 12.6% de la población para el año 2025 donde conforme asciende estas cifras también los problemas de salud, esto implica que en un futuro cercano las instituciones de salud priorizaran los cuidados de enfermería basados en la calidad y calidez de este grupo etario. Surge entonces la necesidad de investigar cómo se sienten ellos frente a los cuidados que vienen recibiendo, decidiéndose investigar ¿cuál es la calidad del cuidado de enfermería y el grado de satisfacción según percepción del paciente adulto mayor en el servicio de Geriatría en el Hospital Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen año 2008? Siendo el objetivo general Determinar la calidad del cuidado de enfermería y el grado de satisfacción según percepción del paciente adulto mayor en el servicio de Geriatría del Hospital Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen año 2008. El presente estudio es descriptivo-transversal , estando la muestra constituida por 20 pacientes, y 10 enfermeras , los datos fueron recolectados mediante entrevista individuales y guía de observación utilizando un formulario estructurado, previo consentimiento informado del paciente durante los meses noviembre y diciembre del 2008 , analizando según cuadro de frecuencias , se concluyó que los adultos mayores tienen un nivel de satisfacción medio respecto al trato personal brindado en el servicio de geriatría del HNGAI siendo más baja la dimensión interpersonal en cuanto a la calidad del cuidado brindado por la enfermera .

RESUMEN RESULTADOS PERINATALES EN GESTANTES QUE PRESENTARON HIPEREMESIS GRAVIDICA EN EL INMP 2011 Objetivo: Determinar los resultados perinatales en gestantes que presentaron Hiperemesis gravídica en el INMP de Lima durante el año 2011. Diseño de estudio: Observacional descriptivo retrospectivo y transversal. Resultados: Hubieron 166 caso de gestantes que presentaron hiperémesis gravídica que constituye una frecuencia de 1.10% del total de atenciones; el grupo etario más afectado fue entre 20 y 34 años, 70.5%, y adolescentes en 22.9%; igualmente las multigestas presentaron más el cuadro, 57.2% y las primigestas fueron 37.3%; y mayormente fue entre las 8 y 12 semanas de gestación. De los casos un 8.4% tuvo un cuadro emético similar en un embarazo anterior, 19.9% tuvieron entre 1 y 2 controles prenatales, y no deseaban el embarazo en 18.7%. La edad gestacional de culminación del embarazo fue de término entre las 37 y 41 semanas en 83.3% de casos y en 32.6% por cesárea, siendo los diagnósticos principales para la cirugía sufrimiento fetal agudo en 24.4%, preeclampsia severa en 13.4% y cesareada anterior en 11.1%. De los recién nacidos el 55.1% fue de sexo femenino, en 65.9% pesaron entre 3000 y 3999 gramos y en 92% tuvieron APGAR al minuto más de 7. En cuanto a morbilidad, 3.6% ingresaron a UCI neonatal; el 9.4% presentó distres respiratorio y en 8.4% trastorno metabólico. En el análisis estadístico efectuado, identificamos asociaciones significativas de riesgo de la hiperémesis gravídica materna con, grupo etáreo adolescente (p = 0.01) y con primigestas (p = 0.01) y en el recién nacido se halló las siguientes asociaciones muy significativas con: parto por cesárea (p = 0.008), Apgar < 7 x min (p = 0.000), Síndrome de distres respiratorio (p = 0.006) y Trastorno metabólico (p = 0.000). Conclusiones: Considerando la población total de adolescentes que acude a la Institución, este grupo etáreo menor de 20 años y las primigestas constituyen riesgo para la presentación de hiperémesis; y con el recién nacido mayor probabilidad de nacimiento por cesárea y más riesgo de tener Apgar menor a 7 por minuto, hacer síndrome de distres respiratorio y trastorno metabólico.