This study is about "transness" in contemporary Istanbul. As this thesis demonstrates, transness is an urban phenomenon, an identity specific to time and space. In Istanbul, it is a subculture, defined by sex, gender, sexuality, class, and ethnicity. "Transness: An Urban Phenomenon in Istanbul" situates itself as part of a conversation about marginal subcultures in Gender Studies, Queer Theory, and especially Transgender Studies. This study fills two gaps: the temporal gap between the early Turkish scholarship on trans issues and the contemporary trans world of Istanbul; and the conceptual gap between trans words -- transvestite, transsexual, and transgender -- and trans identities in Istanbul. Furthermore, this study brings the current issues and discussions of US-based queer scholarship into the Turkish context and does so by discussing recent Turkish examples of media representations ranging from a documentary to a movie, and to a newspaper article; and by analyzing certain drag performances. All these examples discussed in this work exemplify the temporality and spatiality of transness, its relation to heteronormativity, and its publicness as a subculture. As is suggested by my examples, transness is 'out-of-time' and 'out-of-place,' always already public, and, as a performance, it asserts individual identity. Moreover, it is also always a public performance. All the examples point to the complex relationship between queerness and transness, and claim that the queerness of transness is always contextual. Combining the detailed analysis of these examples with the ethnographic work on Istanbul's trans world, "Transness: An Urban Phenomenon in Istanbul" provides answers to the following questions: "What is transness?" "What is the impact time and space have on transness within the urban structure of Istanbul?" "What is the relationship between dominant normativity and transness?" Finally, this MA thesis offers new perspectives and opens new paths for further research on the topic intended to help imagining new futures for trans folk in Istanbul. / text

The late antique figure of the female monk has been commented upon within the spheres of socio-history, theology, and literary analysis, but no comprehensive study has focused on the contemporary historical and gendered context. This thesis therefore reexamines female transvestite monk hagiographies, revealing that the female protagonists are portrayed as possessing a holy womanhood regardless of having layers of masculinity applied to them. Three layers of masculinity, namely outward, social, and inward, are identified in the characterizations of the female monks. Each masculine layer is scrutinized separately to explore its purpose in the plot structures and to show plausible motivations for the utilization of transvestite figures in religious literature. The use of an intertextual method reveals gendered intertexts, or literary motifs, in the hagiographies which serve as familiar ideological vehicles carrying the intended inspirational, instructional, and theological messages of the writers. Through the removal of these holy women’s masculine layers, this thesis reveals that outward and social masculinity are superficial and heavily relied upon as a means of concealment, but inward masculinity, considered akin to genuine expressions of self in these literary characters, is essentially non-existent. Hagiographers had no intention of transforming their religious protagonists into anything but determined, holy women who are forced to act drastically to sustain ascetic dreams begun while mothers, wives, daughters, and sisters. Masculinities and intertexts located in these Vitae contextualize praise for a holy womanhood within acceptable gendered language, which seems to support a belief in the spiritual potential of women. In comprehending the intertexts’ function in these legends, this thesis highlights the potential for complex irony to develop around the figure of a female transvestite, which supplies religious tales with intrigue and interest, the ability to instruct or chastise mixed audiences, and the potential to portray the reversal inherent in the human drama of salvation.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T19:33:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Hamilton Fernandes de Souza.pdf: 1391352 bytes, checksum: 5d67ddcbefaba09b4adc32fef9330b7e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-11 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This work is inserted into the strand of the research line "Variety's Speech" of the Post-Graduate Studies in Portuguese, and an interface with the line History and Description Language and has dealt with the study of how homosexuals are designed, represented and ideologically evaluated in Portuguese of Brazil. Therefore, we use the concept of "virility" as opposed "non-virility" which is based on the prototype and the stereotypes that have historically been built since the tribal people, the Egyptian and Greco-Roman civilizations, which remain to this day. We have the general objective is to contribute to studies on written production, in the form of chronic, about the transvestite. The chosen text was "The travesty is the third bank of the river," Arnaldo Jabor. The specific objectives: 1. to expand the representation of models by which homosexuals were interpreted and evaluated ideologically by the company; select and review the theoretical foundations to explain the typicality, preparation of glossary to show the prototypes and social stereotypes; 3. examine the chronic from the categories presented in Chapter II. The relevance of the research is to investigate the appearance of the prototype and stereotypes of homosexuality, and these models are accepted and are organized through time, through the frequency of use, the memory and are recorded, understood, interpreted and reinterpreted by re reading practices in written language in the forms: chronic, short story, poem and jokes. For both draw on an interdisciplinary literature. As regards to the construction of this research resorted to an interdisciplinary bibliography. With regard to anthropology: Laraia (2001). Brancaglion Jr (2012), Burke (1997), Corbin, and VigarelloCourtine (2013), Foucault (1998, 1984) Naphy (2004), Tournier (2006), Trevisan (2000), Green (2000), Green and Polito (2006), Helminiak (1998); Language: Dubois (1988), Coseriu (1962), Hjelmslev (1975), Kleiber (1995), Lara (1996), Bizzocchi (2012), Elia (1987), Peace (2002 ) Laroca (1994), Garcia (2010); Discourse Analysis: Koch (2008), Suares (2010), Ferrari (2011), Bakhtin (2010), Odalia (2012), Dias (2003), Michaud (2006); Bergson (2001) Charaudeau (2006), Propp (1976); Medicine: Spizzirri and Abdo (2000). The methodological approach is analytical theoretical and followed the following steps:1.The research corpus selection; 2) the comparison between the social stereotypes and prostitution and the transvestite. The results of the researchare: 1) Identification of prototypes and social stereotypes, from common sense; 2) chronic analysis in order to present the social stereotypes, violence hat homosexual has been subjected, and present a prototype model, which is the thetransvestite.3) To promote reflection to the reader so that it act without prejudice and that sexuality is human and is not link only to gender: male and female. A dual conception has a triad design / Esta Dissertação de Mestrado está inserida na vertente da linha de pesquisa Variedade do Discurso do Programa de Estudos Pós-Graduados em Língua Portuguesa, e numa interface com a linha História e Descrição da Língua, e tem por tema o estudo de forma como os homossexuais são designados, representados e ideologicamente avaliados em língua portuguesa do Brasil. Para tanto, recorremos ao conceito de virilidade por oposição não-virilidade , que tem como base o protótipo e os estereótipos que foram construídos historicamente desde os povos tribais, pelas civilizações egípcias e greco-romanas, até os nossos dias. Temos por objetivo geral contribuir com os estudos acerca da produção escrita, na forma de crônica, acerca da travesti. O texto escolhido foi O travesti está na terceira margem do rio de Arnaldo Jabor. São objetivos específicos: 1. Ampliar os modelos de representação por meio dos quais os homossexuais foram interpretados e avaliados ideologicamente pela sociedade; 2. Selecionar e revisar os fundamentos teóricos para explicitar a tipicidade, elaborando um glossário para evidenciar os protótipos e estereótipos sociais; 3. Analisar a crônica a partir das categorias apresentadas no Capítulo II. A relevância da pesquisa está em investigar o surgimento do protótipo e dos estereótipos ligados à homossexualidade, bem como esses modelos são aceitos e se organizam através do tempo, por intermédio da frequência de uso, pela memória que são registrados, compreendidos, interpretados e reinterpretados pelas práticas de leitura em língua escrita sob as formas: de crônica, conto, poema e piadas. Para a construção desta pesquisa recorremos a uma bibliografia interdisciplinar. No que concerne à Antropologia: Laraia (2001). Brancaglion Jr (2012), Burke (1997), Corbin, Courtine e Vigarello (2013), Foucault (1998, 1984), Naphy (2004), Tournier (2006), Trevisan (2000), Green (2000), Green e Polito (2006), Helminiak (1998); Linguística: Dubois (1988), Coseriu (1962), Hjelmslev (1975), Kleiber (1995), Lara (1996), Bizzocchi (2012), Elia (1987), Paz (2002), Laroca (1994), Garcia (2010); Análise do Discurso: Koch (2008), Suáres (2010), Ferrari (2011), Bakhtin (2010), Odalia (2012), Dias (2003), Michaud (2006); Bergson (2001), Charaudeau (2006), Propp (1976); Medicina: Spizzirri e Abdo (2000). O procedimento metodológico é teórico analítico e seguiu os seguintes passos: 1. Seleção do corpus da pesquisa; 2. Recursos utilizados pelo autor: sequências narrativa, descritiva e dissertativa; 3. Confronto entre os estereótipos sociais ligados à prostituição e o travesti. Como resultados da pesquisa temos: 1) Identificação dos protótipos e estereótipos sociais, a partir do senso comum; 2) Análise da crônica visando apresentar os estereótipos sociais, violência a que o homossexual vem sendo sujeitado, bem como apresentar um modelo prototípico, que é o travesti. 3) Propiciar uma reflexão ao leitor para que ele aja sem preconceitos e que a sexualidade é humana e não está ligada somente ao gênero: masculino e feminino. De uma concepção dual temos uma concepção tríade

O objetivo deste trabalho é discutir os usos das categorias travesti e transexual, referidas a identidades sexuais e de gênero, com base em observações e entrevistas realizadas entre 2008 e 2009 com participantes das reuniões denominadas Terças Trans, que ocorrem quinzenalmente no Centro de Referência em Diversidade (CRD) um equipamento social direcionado para LGBT na cidade de São Paulo. Procurei explorar duas frentes de análise. A primeira concentrou-se nos resultados de observação das interações e debates entre os participantes, durante as reuniões, especialmente no que diz respeito ao modo como se elaboram as diferenças entre travestis e transexuais. A segunda concentrou-se nas narrativas de história de vida de três participantes, que refletem sobre suas vivências de sexualidade e gênero. Embora as convenções do discurso médico sejam referências centrais para a definição de corpos, subjetividades e identidades das pessoas pesquisadas, foi possível observar também uma variedade de reelaborações e deslocamentos de sentidos nas trajetórias biográficas e na produção das identidades, que têm relação direta com as situações sociais vividas no presente e com os variados contextos de interlocução. Procuro desenvolver o argumento de que travesti e transexual são categorias performativas, e que tal performatividade não se esgota apenas em enunciados de gênero e sexualidade, mas também podem ser expressas por meio de articulações contingentes que remetem a diferenças de classe, cor/raça e geração. / The point of this work is to discuss the uses of the transvestite and transsexual categories, related to sexual and gender identity, based on observations and interviews conducted between 2008 and 2009 with participants of the meetings called Terças Trans, that happen fortnightly at the Centro de Referência em Diversidade (CRD), a public utility service directed to LGBT in São Paulo. I tried to explore two analysis ways. The first was focused on the observations results from the interactions and debates between the participants, during the meetings, especially with regard to how they work out differences between transvestites and trassexuals. The second was focused on the life histories narratives of three participants, who reflect on their sexuality and gender experiences. Although the conventions of medical discourse are key references for the definition of bodies, subjectivities and identity of people surveyed, it was possible to note also a variety of reelaborations and displacements of meaning in the life histories and in the identities production, that are directed related to social situations experienced in the present and with the varied contexts of dialogue. I try to develop the argument that transvestite and transsexual categories are performatives, and that this performativity is not limited only in statements of gender and sexuality, but can also be expressed by means of contingent articulation which refer to differences of class, color/race and generation.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T20:22:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jorge Leite Junior.pdf: 1325514 bytes, checksum: 91edc3f65acc77d23bdce864568c3a03 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-11-10 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The goal of this work is to ponder the construction of the transvestite and transsexual categories in scientific discourse. Starting from the distinction between antiquity's hermaphrodite, more closely associated with magical and mythical notions, and modern medicine's pseudohermaphrodite, it can be seen how the latter became internalized through the discourse of psychological sciences. Throughout the 20th century, the transvestite and transsexual categories slowly developed from this conceptual basis, understanding the transit between sexes and genders as psychopathological manifestations / O objetivo deste trabalho é fazer uma reflexão sobre a construção das categorias travesti e transexual no discurso científico. Partindo da diferenciação entre o hermafrodita da antiguidade, mais associado ao campo mágico e mítico, e o pseudo-hermafrodita da medicina moderna, vemos como este segundo foi interiorizado através do discurso das ciências da psique. Desta base conceitual, durante o século XX, desenvolvem-se lentamente as categorias de travesti e transexual , compreendendo o trânsito entre os sexos e os gêneros como uma manifestação psicopatológica

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T14:57:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jorge Leite Junior.pdf: 1325514 bytes, checksum: 91edc3f65acc77d23bdce864568c3a03 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-11-10 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The goal of this work is to ponder the construction of the transvestite and transsexual categories in scientific discourse. Starting from the distinction between antiquity's hermaphrodite, more closely associated with magical and mythical notions, and modern medicine's pseudohermaphrodite, it can be seen how the latter became internalized through the discourse of psychological sciences. Throughout the 20th century, the transvestite and transsexual categories slowly developed from this conceptual basis, understanding the transit between sexes and genders as psychopathological manifestations / O objetivo deste trabalho é fazer uma reflexão sobre a construção das categorias travesti e transexual no discurso científico. Partindo da diferenciação entre o hermafrodita da antiguidade, mais associado ao campo mágico e mítico, e o pseudo-hermafrodita da medicina moderna, vemos como este segundo foi interiorizado através do discurso das ciências da psique. Desta base conceitual, durante o século XX, desenvolvem-se lentamente as categorias de travesti e transexual , compreendendo o trânsito entre os sexos e os gêneros como uma manifestação psicopatológica

This thesis concerns female cross-dressing in nineteenth-century literature and the ways in which these images challenge gender and class hierarchies. Cross-dressing abounds in nineteenth-century literature, forming a thematic that crosses national boundaries. Therefore, this thesis considers works from both the British and American traditions. The primary texts explored are The Tenor and the Boy (1893) by Sarah Grand and The Hidden Hand, or Capitola the Madcap (1888) by E. D. E. N. Southworth. When published, both of these texts were commercial successes and can therefore be considered representative of popular literature of the time. The use of transvestite characters allows these authors to demonstrate the arbitrary nature of gender and class roles. When cross-dressed, female characters cross both gender and class lines and participate in usually taboo arenas. For the most part, they are depicted as successful; at times, they might even be considered role models.The thesis contains four chapters: the introductory chapter which sets up definitions, briefly discusses cross-dressing's literary tradition in the west, and establishes the atmosphere in which these books were written and received; the next two chapters each examine a primary text--- The Tenor and the Boy, followed by The Hidden Hand; and the final chapter summarizes and concludes the work.

The thesis aims to produce a reconsideration of the queer spaces articulated in 1980s and 1990s literary criticism through the corporealising theory of gender and sexuality in the recent development of Australian material feminism and Rita Felski‟s idea of transient time. It particularly focuses on interpretations of transgender characters in critical readings of Renaissance drama and contemporary fiction. The academic fields investigated are thus late twentieth-century Renaissance criticism of gender and sexuality, late twentieth-century queer interpretations of transgenderism and transgender characters in contemporary literature, contemporary transgender studies and material feminist theory. Chapter 1 introduces a queer space articulated by discourses of gender and sexuality in 1980s and 1990s criticism of Renaissance drama. It concludes that the historical methodology of the critics is flawed and that the idea of Renaissance queerness is built as a contrast to late twentieth-century queerness. Chapter 2 is a reconsideration of the Renaissance anatomical sources used by the canonical critics introduced in the previous chapter. It establishes that the queer idea of sex and gender developed through these should rather be read in light of the more corporeal Renaissance discourse of monstrosity. Chapter 3 reconsiders the transgender characters in Shakespeare‟s Twelfth Night and As You Like It and introduces a reading of Middleton and Dekker‟s The Roaring Girl from a point of view that introduces Renaissance sexual monstrosity as a formation of corporealised though flexible gender subjectivity. Chapter 4 introduces a late twentieth-century queer space partly articulated in relation to the Renaissance queer space. It critiques the theoretical foundations of late twentieth-century queer theory, introducing transgender responses to „queering‟ readings of transgender bodies, as well as queer theorists‟ own attempts to narrativise themselves as points of incoherence in Butler‟s model and introduces a corporealising material feminist perspective of gender subjectivity as a more accommodating alternative. Chapter 5 reconsiders queer readings of transgender characters in Angela Carter‟s The Passion of New Eve. It concludes that the novel has been evaluated from a queer perspective and that it offers a more interesting comment on sex and gender if read from a material feminist point of view. Chapter 6 discusses John Cameron Mitchell‟s Hedwig and the Angry Inch as one transgender narrative that has been critiqued by transgender academia and Gore Vidal‟s Myra Breckinridge as a transgender narrative that has been approved. It analyses and critiques the reasons for the texts‟ reception and formulates a new poetics of corporeal gender based on the idea of nomadic gender subjectivity developed in the works of the Australian school of material feminists. The thesis finally exchanges a queer reading of transgender characters for a nomadic corporeal reading that better accommodates the historical discourses surrounding the Renaissance material, the literary content of the contemporary fiction, and the idea of transgender identity as it is considered in transgender studies.

Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo compreender como se materializa, no cotidiano, o acesso e o consumo de ações e serviços de saúde para travestis e pessoas transexuais no Sistema Único de Saúde, considerando os programas e as políticas de saúde existentes e os desafios que as travestilidades e transexualidades representam para essas. A partir de uma abordagem etnográfica, e utilizando os conceitos da saúde coletiva e do campo das relações de gênero e sexualidade, articulando-os às questões interseccionais, foram analisados os relatos de travestis e pessoas transexuais em relação ao acesso e à utilização dos serviços de saúde no SUS. Foram analisadas ainda as concepções que embasam a formulação das políticas de saúde direcionadas à população de travestis e transexuais no SUS, bem como as práticas dos/as trabalhadores/as em relação a esse grupo populacional. A partir do estudo, ficou evidente que as trajetórias de travestis e transexuais nos serviços de saúde costumam ser marcadas por situações de preconceito e discriminação, fatos que expressam o elevado grau de transfobia presente nos estabelecimentos de saúde. Além disso, percebeu-se que as ações em saúde destinadas para essa população, contempladas em programas e políticas de saúde – tais como o uso do nome social e a ampliação do Processo Transexualizador – ainda carecem de institucionalidade. Também verificamos que as ações em saúde para esse grupo têm sido priorizadas no âmbito da atenção especializada (nos níveis ambulatorial e hospitalar), sendo poucos os investimentos com relação à atenção básica. Por fim, percebemos que, para a efetivação dos programas e das políticas de saúde – os quais se dão a partir do encontro entre os/as usuários/as e os/as trabalhadores/as – é fundamental investir na formação destes/as últimos/as, para que o acesso às ações em saúde se dê de forma acolhedora e humanizada. / The main goal of this article is to have a better understanding on how the policies of health care are being used and how they have been taking place on a daily basis for transsexual, transgender, and transvestite people considering the existing health care policies and the many challenges that transvestism and/or transsexualism/transgenderism represents to them. From an ethnographic approach, and using concepts from the fields of public health and sex and gender relations, articulating those concepts with intersectional issues, portraits of transvestites and transsexual/transgender people were analyzed regarding their access and use of the services provided by SUS (Sistema Único de Saúde), the Brazilian universal health care system. Also, the conceiving ideas that promote health care policies for transvestites and transsexual/transgender people at SUS were analyzed, as well as the practices adopted by the workers of health care providers towards this population. From this study, it became evident that transvestites and transgender/transsexual people's path in the health care system in Brazil (SUS) is marked by discrimination and prejudice, facts that express the high levels of institutionalized transphobia present in the health care service providers. Moreover, it was noticed that the health care action programs intended for the trans population, promoted by health care policies, such as the use of the social name and the expanding of the transsexual procedures, are still in need of institutionalization. It was also verified that the health action programs for the transvestite/transsexual/transgender population have been prioritized only at the specialized care level (clinic and hospital levels), but few investment has been made at primary care level. At last, it was noticed that the accomplishment of the programs and health care policies happen from the encounter between the users and the providers, being of bottom line importance the last group to have training, so that the access to health care be welcoming and humanized.

Submitted by Livia Mello (liviacmello@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-09-23T20:22:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissLHM.pdf: 1249007 bytes, checksum: b2b20a9438b8804010142443d4f1485e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-26T20:33:20Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissLHM.pdf: 1249007 bytes, checksum: b2b20a9438b8804010142443d4f1485e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-26T20:33:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissLHM.pdf: 1249007 bytes, checksum: b2b20a9438b8804010142443d4f1485e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-26T20:33:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissLHM.pdf: 1249007 bytes, checksum: b2b20a9438b8804010142443d4f1485e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-10 / Não recebi financiamento / This research seeks understanding how different transvestite's generations that prostitutes themselves in the countryside of São Paulo built their bodies and subjectivities. I seek to understand the existence of the pressure between this identity project and the creation of two categories, the older and younger, observing the detachment and existent approximation between different generation of transvestites, just like specific valuations of some bodies and behaviors from each one of them. The study realized in Sao Carlos and Ribeirao Preto undertook ethnography at the prostitution areas and the transvestites homes, combined with online contacts through social media like Facebook©. Based on Queer theory, the Brazilian studies about the travestite‟s and the the idea of "generationality" and aging, I seek the creation of particular idea of being young and aging as travestite for the ones that prostitute themselves. Seeing that for this group aging is not only related with the age but with a specific relationship with the body, the job market and the social relationships that develops and keep the environment where they live. / Esta pesquisa busca compreender de que forma as diferentes gerações de travestis que se prostituem no interior de São Paulo construíram seus corpos e subjetividades. Procuro compreender a existência de tensões entre estes projetos identitários e a construção de duas categorias, a das mais velhas e a das mais novas, observando os distanciamentos e aproximações existentes entre as diferentes gerações de travestis, bem como as valorações específicas de determinados corpos e comportamentos por cada uma destas. O estudo realizado nas cidades de São Carlos e Ribeirão Preto, empreendeu etnografia nos locais de prostituição e nas casas onde vivem essas travestis, unido a contatos online por plataformas de relacionamento como o Facebook©. Tomando como base a Teoria Queer, os estudos brasileiros sobre travestilidade e as noções de geracionalidade e envelhecimento, busco a construção de uma noção particular sobre “ser nova” e “envelhecer travesti” para as que se prostituem. Visto que o envelhecimento para este grupo não está associado meramente a questão da idade, mas sim a uma relação específica com o corpo, o mercado de trabalho e as relações sociais que desenvolvem e mantém com o ambiente em que vivem.