The response of several plant species to heavy metal contaminated soils was evaluated using plant bioassays with a soil substrate. A natural soil was collected from Dinwiddie County, Virginia and soil analysis was performed. The plant species, Lolium multiflorum, setaria italica and Trifolium rep ens latum, Robinia pseudoacacia, Andropogon gerardi, Asclepias syriaca, Echinacea purpurea, Rudbeckia hirta and Festuca rubra were grown in to determine the response to cupric and cadmium chloride in soils (mg Cu/kg soil). A few plant species were grown in small pots in a plant growth chamber for 28 days using control, 10, 30, 100 and 300mg Cu or Cd/kg soil. Germination proved to be less sensitive than root length. S. italica had highest ECSOs. In eu 20.7 and 15.3 in Cd. All plant species were grown for 7 days in 0.3, 1.0, 3.0 10.0, and 30.0mg Cu/kg soil and in control. Germination was not effected by metal concentrations in most species (p=0.07-0.6), except T.repens latum, R. hirta and F. rubra at 30mg/kg (p=0.0007). Root length was significantly effected by Cu concentrations for almost all species (p=0.0001-0.0112). Setaria italica had the highest EC50 at 10.86mg/kg. Robinia pseudoacacia root length was not significantly affected by CU concentrations. The other species had EC50s ranging from 3.74-7.51mg/kg. Both inhibition and stimulation of root growth were observed. Preliminary studies regarding germination rates, fungicides and rangefinding are included. / Master of Science

Introduction: Community pharmacists in the United States routinely serve as intermediaries in the process of providing (i.e., dispensing) prescription opioids (POs) to patients for whom they are prescribed. Similar to most states, Tennessee (TN) has experienced exponential increases in PO dispensing, abuse and overdose deaths over the past decade. A multifaceted approach has been put forth by the United States National Drug Control Strategy to combat PO abuse, one aspect of which is expanding the extent to which health care professionals detect and address substance use disorders. Despite little exploration of pharmacist provided PO abuse/misuse interventions, our previous research reveals that 26% of TN community pharmacists have provided addiction treatment facility information to one or more patients in the past, and 13% of pharmacists have addiction treatment facility information in their pharmacies. The objective of this study is to investigate the associations between community pharmacist and community pharmacy characteristics and the provision of addiction treatment facility information to pharmacy patients. Methods: A survey was administered to a stratified random sample of licensed TN pharmacists in 2012 using Dillman’s Tailored Design Method. The survey instrument assessed community pharmacists’ attitudes, beliefs and behaviors specific to prescription drug abuse communication. Logistic regression techniques were used to identify correlates of provision of addiction facility information by pharmacists. Results: A response rate of 40% was obtained. Univariate logistic regression analysis indicated the provision of addiction treatment information was associated with being male, increased average number of hours worked per week, having addiction treatment information readily available in the pharmacy, higher self-efficacy beliefs regarding ability to discuss addiction treatment facility options, discuss perceived PO abuse, and discuss perceived PO addiction with patients, participation in PO abuse specific continuing education (CE), and employment in an independent pharmacy setting. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that being male (OR = 2.2; 95% CI = 1.4-3.6), having high task-specific self-efficacy beliefs (OR = 4.2; 95% CI = 2.7-6.5), working more hours (OR = 1.00; 95% CI = 1.02-1.05), participating in prescription drug abuse-related CE (OR = 2.9; 95% CI = 1.7-5.0), and having treatment facility information in the practice setting (OR = 8.2; 95% CI = 4.4-15.4) were statistically significant predictors of information provision. Implications: As interventions and models are developed that expand prevention and treatment efforts, factors should be considered that influence health care providers’ prescription drug abuse/misusedeterrent behaviors. Our research has the potential to inform these interventions and thereby expand the extent to which community pharmacists engage in the detection and care of patients with substance use disorders.

This dissertation examines Puerto Rican therapeutic communities – resource-poor mutual-aid collectives that have flourished over the past five decades, despite being heavily criticized by human rights groups for using unwaged labor as a method to treat addiction. The persistence of these communities, which are spreading rapidly across Latin America, is widely ascribed in international media to state neglect. I conducted a year of ethnographic research in Puerto Rico to understand why labor therapies thrive, and what these approaches are intended to achieve among those who practice them. Challenging the argument that labor therapies are the simple result of the state failing to provide alternatives, my research shows that during the last half century therapeutic communities have been successively recruited to serve a variety of distinct and sometimes competing interests. My examination of the multiple, contested, and sometimes-converging projects that inhere within this therapeutic regime shows that these organizations have variously served as entrepreneurial projects of informal enterprise, existential projects of redemption, state projects of containment, and shunt-valves for relieving burdens of dependency from straining kinship systems. Their endurance, therefore, not only reflects their capacity to patch the cracks of multiple faltering systems (including employment, corrections, family), but it also reflects their protean vulnerability to appropriation: that is, the ease with which they are co-opted by other actors for alternative utilities. Based on eight months of intensive participant observation in one therapeutic community, La Casita, where I explored the cultural logics and meanings of labor therapies, I argue that “drug treatment” here is not centrally geared towards “treating addiction.” Instead, La Casita’s therapeutic practices of labor therapy, time-discipline, prayer, and internal work are more instructively read as social technologies through which men who are excluded from the labor market and estranged from kinship ties seek to cultivate an alternative masculinity that restores their sense of worth. The “socially useful” masculinity under construction here, based on a performance of work, responsibility, and duty, offers unemployed men an alternative way to claim the dignity and social membership of work.

Lietuvai tapus ES nare didelis dėmesys bei lėšos nuolatos yra skiriamos aplinkosaugai. Susidarančių problemų analizė skirstant lėšas projektams, jų statybai ir eksplotacijai, turi padėti išvengti jų ateityje. Jau prieš įstojant 2004 m. Lietuvai į Europos Sąjungą, buvo galimybė naudotis jos finasine parama, kuria Lietuva ir naudojosi. ES fondų lėšų administravimui bei veiksmingam šiomis lėšomis finansuojamų projektų įgyvendinimui užtikrinti Lietuvoje 2002 metais buvo įsteigta ISPA programos įgyvendinimo agentūra prie Aplinkos ministerijos. Šiuo metu ES lėšų iš ISPA/Sanglaudos fondų panaudojimą, projektų rengimus, pirkimus, administruoja Aplikos projektų valdymo agentūra (APVA). Vandentvarkos projektus per „kaimo infrastruktūros tobulinimo“ kryptį prižiūri Nacionalinė mokėjimo agentūra (NMA). Darbo tikslas- apžvelgti ES fondų lėšų panaudojimą nuotekų valyklų projektams ir jų įgyvendinimui, išanalizuoti nuotekų valyklose taikomas technologijas ir iškylančias statybos ir eksplotacijos problemas. Uždaviniai: Išanalizuoti senųjų nuotekų valyklų pritaikymą šiuolaikinėms technologijoms, išnagrinėti ES fondų lėšų panaudojimą nuotekų valyklų statyboms, atlikti naujose projektuose taikomų technologijų analizę. / In May 2004 Lithuania became the member of the European Union; therefore now it has more opportunities for using the financial assistance provided by the European Union. New members are concerned with the utilisation of support funds of the European Union. The Ministry of Environment in 2002 established ISPA Implementing Agency that controls utilisation of EU assets from ISPA/Cohesion funds, organizes project preparation, procurements, consultations etc. In 2004 the Agency was renamed to Environmental Projects Management Agency. The National Paying Agency was established for administration of SAPARD support. Main investment targets in the field of water resource protection are: improvement of fresh water quality, reduction of surface water contamination with domestic waste, reduction of underground water pollution. Goal of work is to review the usage of EU funds for wastewater treatment projects and their implementation. This work describes the technological and regulatory changes that have occurred over the last ten years in this discipline, including: improved techniques for the characterization of wastewaters, fundamental understanding of many of the existing unit operations and processes used for wastewater treatment, especially those processes used for the biological removal of nutrients, greater implementation of several newer treatment technologies.

The master student’s work analyzes water quality of the river Tatula above and below the tributary Juodupė saturated with municipal wastewater of Biržai town. Study object. The river Tatula is a 66.2-km long right tributary of the Mūša. The river Tatula belongs to the river Lielupė basin located in northern part of Lithuania. The Tatula is flowing via cultivated karst region. Objective of work: to determine the changes in water quality of the river Tatula within the period of 1994-2004, when old wastewater treatment facilities were functioning in Biržai town and the new facilities started working in 2003. Study methodology. The study is based on the data of water quality measurements conducted by the United Research Center of the Ministry of Environment as well as additional data collected by the author in 2003-2004 in the river Tatula above the Juodupė inflow (distance from the outlet 18.8 km; basin area 191.4 km2) and below the tributary (distance from the outlet 17.5 km, basin area 283 km2). To estimate the changes in water quality during the study period, 26 parameters indicating water quality were analyzed; the changes in concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus were considered as topical issues. Water quality was estimated on the basis of river water classification. Water samples were analyzed in the laboratory of wastewater treatment facilities of Biržai town. Study results. As the study results have shown, according to all water quality parameters the stretch of... [to full text]

Magistriniame darbe nagrinėjama rekonstruotos Jurbarko nuotekų valyklos efektyvumas. Tyrimo tikslas – nustatyti nuotekų valyklos darbo efektyvumą po aeracinės sistemos rekonstrukcijos. Tyrimo objektas – Jurbarko nuotekų valyklos iškeliama aeracinė sistema, kuri buvo sumontuota 2008 m. Šiems tikslams pasiekti buvo išsikelti šie uždaviniai: teoriškai apibūdinti biologinio valymo įrenginius, įtakojančius biologinio valymo proceso efektyvumą ir įvertinti veikliojo dumblo sistemos pokyčius; nustatyti nuotekų išvalymo efektyvumą Jurbarko nuotekų valykloje; atlikti palyginamąją analizę vamzdinės ir diskinės aeracinės sistemos; nustatyti Jurbarko nuotekų valyklos elektros energijos sąnaudas. Nuotekų valyklos efektyvumas tirtas, pagal BDS7, bendrojo azoto (Nb), bendrojo fosforo (Pb) pasišalinimą iš vandens prieš aeracinės sistemos pakeitimą ir po aeracinės sistemos pakeitimo. Atlikus tyrimus nustatyta, kad nuotekų valykla po rekonstrukcijos dirba patikimai. Nuotekų liekamoji tarša neviršija DLK. BDS7 valytame vandenyje sumažėjo 16 %, bendrojo azoto (Nb) – 27 %, o bendrojo fosforo (Pb) – 56 %, lyginant su BDS7, Nb ir Pb prieš aeracinės sistemos pakeitimą. Cheminio reagento proceso veiksmui sunaudojama 488,8 kg/m, mažiau, o tuo pačiu sudaro 22295,2 Lt/m. mažiau išlaidų. Elektros energijos sąnaudos sumažėjo apie 14%. / The paper examined the reconstructed Jurbarkas domestic wastewater treatment plants performance. Purpose of the survey - the wastewater treatment plant efficiency of aeration system reconstruction. The object of research - Jurbarkas domestic wastewater treatment plants enters an aeration system that was installed in 2008. To achieve these goals has been to move the following tasks: a theoretical description of the biological treatment plant, which affect the biological treatment process and evaluate the effectiveness of the active sludge system changes, the efficiency of wastewater remediation Jurbarkas wastewater treatment facilities, to carry out a comparative analysis of linear and circular aeration system, the sewage treatment plant Jurbarkas electricity costs. Sewage treatment plant efficiency has been studied by BOC7 nitrogen (Nb), phosphorus (Pb) elimination of the water before aeration system replacement and the replacement of aeration systems. The investigation showed that sewage treatment facilities after renovation work reliably. Effluent residual contamination does not exceed the MRL. BOC7 treated water decreased by 16%, total nitrogen (Nb) - 27%, and total phosphorus (Pb) - 56%, compared with BOC7, Nb and Pb before aeration system replacement. Chemical reagent process steps used 488.8 kg/m and less, while at the same time is 22295.2 Lt/m. less cost. Electricity costs have fallen about 14 percent.

No description available.

This study was intended to determine the architectural characteristics of a built environment that makes a positive contribution to the effective treatment of addictions and associated mental illnesses. Buildings affect people both physically and psychologically: Architects and interior designers create retail spaces that increase sales, restaurants that stimulate appetite and offices that maximise productivity. But do they design mental health-care facilities that improve treatment and recovery? Surely, given the nature of its function, this building typology is the most deserving of attention with regard to the subject of ‘environmental psychology’. On the contrary however, mental health-care has a history of inadequacy when it comes to the buildings that have been constructed to facilitate it: During the middle of the twentieth century – particularly in Great Britain and the United States of America – state ‘mental asylums’ housed hundreds of people in oppressive, inhumane buildings, remote from their communities. Derelict asylums bear testimony to the ‘de-institutionalism’ movement that followed, favouring out-patient care in the community context. On the other hand however, homeless, destitute addicts and mentally ill individuals tell of the shortcomings of community-based care. Current medical insights have now led to a new concept of ‘balanced-care’, which calls for the integration of in-patient and out-patient treatment. This new approach provides an opportunity for architects to re-define the mental healthcare facility – to humanise the institution and create treatment environments that contribute positively to recovery. The purpose of this study was therefore to establish a sound understanding of the unique needs of this particular user group, to interpret the implications of these needs with regard to the design of the treatment environment, and to assess the appropriateness of existing facilities in terms of these findings. The research was carried out by way of consultation with local mental health-care professionals, a review of existing literature on the subject, and relevant precedent and case studies. The outcome was a set of principles and criteria to inform the design of a new addiction and mental health clinic in Durban. / Thesis (M.Arch.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2011.

Thesis (Dr. P.H.)--University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, 1992. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 57-62).

Sammanfattning Syfte och frågeställningar Syftet med studien är att undersöka den fysiska aktivitetens betydelse för den psykiska och fysiska hälsan i samband med behandling hos personer i tidigare narkotikamissbruk kombinerat med samsjuklighet. - Hur påverkar fysisk aktivitet den upplevda fysiska och psykiska hälsan hos män i åldern 23-29 i tidigare narkotikamissbruk kombinerat med samsjuklighet(1)? - Hur upplever vårdarna att fysisk aktivitet påverkar klienternas generella mående efter utförd fysisk aktivitet? - Hur ser vårdarna på fysisk aktivitet som en del av behandling för tidigare narkotikamissbruk kombinerat med samsjuklighet? Metod I denna studie ingick 8 personer, fyra män i åldern 23-29 år som befann sig i behandling, och fyra anställda, varav två män och två kvinnor i åldern 27-76 år. Behandlingshemmet som studien genomfördes på erbjuder behandling för personer med olika former av missbruk och psykiska diagnoser. Den fysiska aktivitet som utförs på behandlingshemmet är gymträning och promenader. Semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med både klienter och anställda om deras uppfattning kring fysisk och psykisk hälsa i samband med fysisk aktivitet i behandlingsprogrammet. Resultat Fysisk aktivitet kan positivt påverka främst den fysiska men också den psykiska hälsan hos män i åldern 23-29 år med tidigare narkotikamissbruk kombinerat med samsjuklighet. Enligt vårdarna påverkar den fysiska aktiviteten klienterna positivt till bland annat ett lugn och dämpad rastlöshet. Den fysiska aktiviteten ses även som en positiv faktor inom behandling då vårdarna anser att den kan tänkas hjälpa mot avhållsamhet, struktur i vardagen och mer samarbetsvilja. Slutsats Människor som tidigare haft narkotikamissbruk i kombination med samsjuklighet har uttryckligen beskrivit välmående, lugn och ett lättat sinne i samband med fysisk aktivitet. Dock kan studiens resultat inte alls appliceras på hela populationen i denna kategori. (1) Samsjuklighet saknar en tydlig definition, men kan innebära att klienten har komplexa vårdbehov och kan även innebära en funktionsnedsättning i kombination med missbruk, om somatiska sjukdomar finns hos klienten (Aleris 2017-05-07)