Memoria (licenciado en ciencias jurídicas y sociales) / Temas como la libertad de formar una familia para individuos del mismo género, el derecho de esas uniones a ser reconocidas y tuteladas por el Estado, las reformas al sistema político que buscan generar una vinculación más directa entre ciudadanía y representantes, la autonomía de los pueblos originarios (y su alcance), entre varias temáticas de conflicto, están relacionadas con el rol de la CPR en nuestras vidas, y el TC deberá pronunciarse sobre ellas, y necesariamente se van a desarrollar en una discusión a nivel constitucional. Con el nuevo ámbito de actuación otorgado por las reformas aludidas, no es difícil prever una profundización de la constitucionalización de los conflictos. Por ello es que se vuelve imperativo conocer como el TC resuelve los conflictos que se le presentan. Lo descrito en los párrafos anteriores genera una inquietud no solo política, sino que también jurídica. El nuevo TC resuelve y dispone sobre asuntos de la mayor importancia, con efectos importantes en la comunidad nacional y sus resoluciones impactan por su envergadura y complejidad. Puesto en perspectiva, los estudios constitucionales y de Derecho Público han alcanzado una vitrina inusitada y plantea la necesidad de acceder a información relevante y simplificada sobre las formas en que el TC está resolviendo estos asuntos. Este trabajo, entonces, nace bajo la premisa de dar una respuesta a esa necesidad

No / This chapter is based on extensive qualitative fieldwork in several districts of Karnataka and Tamil Nadu states in India. It provides an overview of the inter-state water disputes context in India and then proceeds to an in depth analysis of agriculture and water use patterns in the two states and the pattern of political mobilisation. The analysis here appears to show that one of the reasons for an impasse in this dispute is the high degree of politicisation of water use for agriculture in both states. The paper also suggests that the Inter State Water Disputes Act contributes to this politicisation by recognising only state governments as parties to water disputes. The paper argues that an integrated river management board would be an idealistic solution but for this to work there is a need to invest in institutional development. The paper also argues that moving away from claims over absolute quantities and arriving at relative shares (Guhan formula) will help especially in the context of climate change induced variability in rainfall patterns from year to year.

Esta tese tem como objetivo mostrar que a metodologia empregada pela Crítica da razão pura também é um método de natureza transcendental que torna a história da filosofia relevante para a reflexão do passado. Porque, partindo-se do princípio a priori da razão que justifica a sua natureza arquitetônica, quando atrelada a ideia de uma legislação que tem por fundamento uma metafísica, a história da filosofia, concebida do ponto de vista kantiano, pode ser pensada como uma história filosofante da razão. Nossa justificativa para a comprovação dessa hipótese estará pautada na ideia do tribunal da razão como um método para reflexão de uma metafísica que julga o seu passado em função agora da filosofia transcendental. Pois, nessas circunstâncias, se detivermos nossa atenção para o lugar que ocupa o conceito de reflexão transcendental diante do pressuposto que associa o método crítico com a sua atividade legislativa alcançada, veremos que a natureza do sistema arquitetônico da razão justifica essa atividade da reflexão que faz também da história da filosofia um sistema da razão. / This thesis aims to demonstrate that the methodology used by the Critique of Pure Reason is also a method of transcendental nature that makes the history of philosophy relevant to the reflection of the past. Because, starting from the a priori principle of the reason that justifies its architectural nature, when tied to the idea of a legislation that is founded on a metaphysics, the history of philosophy conceived from the Kantian point of view, can be thought as a history philosopher of reason. Our justification for proving this hypothesis will be based on the idea of the tribunal of reason as a method for reflection on a metaphysics that judges its past in function now of transcendental philosophy. For in these circumstances, if we focus our attention on the place of the concept of transcendental reflection in the face of the presupposition that associates the critical method with its legislative activity, we will see that the nature of the architectural system of reason justifies this activity of reflection also from the history of philosophy a system of reason.

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a adoção de uma política de divulgação usada pela entidade fiscalizadora brasileira, o Tribunal de Contas da União (TCU), para divulgação de seus indicadores de desempenho. Essa análise é principalmente influenciada pela análise comparativa de Barzelay (1997) e de Pollitt e Summa (1997). As organizações públicas são requeridas a utilizar a avaliação de desempenho orientada a resultados em substituição à orientada a recursos que elas estavam utilizando. Os stakeholders do TCU (agências auditadas, Congresso Nacional, e a comunidade) esperam um amplo nível prestação de contas (accountability) sobre o valor que ele cria. A maneira com que o TCU apresenta seu desempenho parece seguir uma tendência internacional, mas a adoção de indicadores orientados a resultados não tem alcançado o nível internacional (pelo menos o nível alcançado pelo norte-americano Government Audit Office e o britânico National Audit Office). Para realizar o objetivo da pesquisa, uma análise de conteúdo foi conduzida sobre os relatórios de gestão do TCU relacionados ao período de 1993 a 2009, pesquisando por características dos indicadores utilizados divulgados como sendo usados. Os principais resultados mostram que: (i) o significado dos indicadores não está claro; (ii) os indicadores não são utilizados de uma forma estável (exceto nos últimos anos 2006 a 2009); (iii) o TCU prefere apresentar indicadores de output enquanto a tendência internacional é mostrar métricas orientadas a resultado e (iv) estes padrões permanecem os mesmos para os indicadores utilizados explicitamente como meta. / The objective of this paper is to analyze the adoption of and the reporting policy used by the Brazilian Supreme Audit Institution (hereafter called tribunal de Contas da União or TCU) to disclose its performance indicators. This analysis is mainly influenced by Barzelay (1997) and Pollitt and Summa (1997) comparative analysis. Public organizations following the New Public Management movement are adhering to the same practices used by private organizations. All public organizations are required to use a result-oriented performance evaluation in replace of the widespread resource-oriented they were used to. The TCU\'s stakeholders (e.g., audited agencies, the National Congress, and the community) expect a wider accountability level about the value it creates. Although the way the TCU disclose its performance seems to follow an international trend, the adoption of result-oriented indicators has not reached the international level (at least the level reached by the North-American Government Audit Office and the British National Audit Office). In order to achieve the research objective, a content analysis was conducted on TCU\'s management reports related to the period 1993-2009, searching for the features of the indicators set disclosed as \"being used\". Main results show that: (i) the meaning of the indicators is not clear; (ii) indicators are not used in a stable basis (apart from the latter years, i.e. 2006-2009); (iii) the TCU prefers to disclose output indicators while the international trend is the disclosure of result-oriented metrics and (iv) these patterns remain the same even for the indicators used as an explicit target.

Submitted by Haia Cristina Rebouças de Almeida (haia.almeida@uniceub.br) on 2016-05-05T17:25:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 61101010.pdf: 1206624 bytes, checksum: 8f155769acbb45eebc782085b33b32d9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rayanne Silva (rayanne.silva@uniceub.br) on 2016-05-09T19:21:16Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 61101010.pdf: 1206624 bytes, checksum: 8f155769acbb45eebc782085b33b32d9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-09T19:21:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 61101010.pdf: 1206624 bytes, checksum: 8f155769acbb45eebc782085b33b32d9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-05 / Este trabalho tem por objetivo discorrer sobre a realização da segurança jurídica no processo administrativo, tendo como foco a aplicação dos princípios do contraditório, da ampla defesa e da razoável duração do processo, a partir do exame dos julgamentos dos Mandados de Segurança ns. 24.781/DF e 25.116/DF. Primeiro apresenta os precedentes judiciais, nos quais o Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) – que, até então, negava a existência de prazo para a atuação do Tribunal de Contas da União (TCU) bem como o direito de participação dos beneficiários nos processos de controle externo que tratam de concessões iniciais de aposentadorias, reformas e pensões – reviu sua jurisprudência. Ao julgá-los, o STF decidiu que, em respeito à segurança jurídica, se o TCU demorar mais de cinco anos para apreciar a concessão, deverá assegurar ao interessado o contraditório e a ampla defesa quando a decisão puder causar-lhe prejuízo. Em seguida o estudo analisa os argumentos jurídicos e os fundamentos normativos utilizados nos julgados sob as luzes do princípio da segurança jurídica. Feito isso, investiga a dogmática dos princípios do contraditório, da ampla defesa e da razoável duração do processo, a fim de verificar em que medida eles foram prestigiados nos casos concretos examinados. Conclui que o novo entendimento do STF, embora represente uma evolução em relação à jurisprudência anterior, não se amolda ao real sentido dos referidos princípios processuais e, com isso, não promove a segurança jurídica tal qual se propõe a fazer.

The last decade has seen numerous proposals to reform existing tribunal systems in jurisdictions throughout the common law world. Across the board, there have been proposals to adopt generalist tribunal models in preference to smaller, specialist tribunal systems, and to achieve these changes through the process of amalgamation. The most significant recent developments to occur in Australia have taken place in Victoria and NSW during the past five years. Legislators in these States have chosen to amalgamate a number of smaller, specialist tribunals into larger, generalist bodies. In 1997 the NSW Parliament passed legislation amalgamating a number of specialist tribunals to create the Administrative Decisions Tribunal (ADT); comparable legislation was passed in Victoria in 1998 to create the Victorian Civil and Administrative Tribunal (VCAT). There were concurrent attempts to implement similar reforms at federal level. In 1998 the Commonwealth government announced its intention to amalgamate four Commonwealth merits review tribunals to form one �super Tribunal� � the Administrative Review Tribunal (ART). The Bills containing these proposals were ultimately defeated in the Senate, however the Australian Government remains convinced of the benefits of amalgamation at federal level. Similar reforms have been proposed in Western Australia, Tasmania and the United Kingdom. This thesis argues that these reforms are taking place in the absence of data about their likely implications, and without a thorough understanding of the objectives that generalist versus specialist tribunal systems can realistically achieve. This ill-considered or �over-hasty� trend towards amalgamation raises a number of questions which have not previously been addressed in academic or policy-making circles. An obvious question is whether or not an amalgamated tribunal model is more effective than a series of smaller, specialised tribunals in delivering administrative justice, in other words, whether there is any net gain to be had from a government�s decision to amalgamate. The less explored, but equally important, question addressed in this thesis is how the process of amalgamation should be approached in order to realise the maximum potential benefits that an amalgamated tribunal can bring. That is, to ask what are the ingredients of an optimal amalgamation. This is not a question about whether government decisions to pursue amalgamation are intrinsically worthwhile or beneficial for stakeholders. Rather, it is about how government decisions to amalgamate should best be implemented. This thesis proposes a way of differentiating between good and bad amalgamations, that is grounded in theory and informed by experience to date. The proposed approach is to assess the effectiveness of amalgamation processes using relevant measures drawn from an analysis of organisational theory literature: � Legislation � the legislation establishing an amalgamated tribunal needs to ensure the tribunal will have appropriate independence, powers, processes, membership and structure. � Political commitment � those responsible for proposing and planning an amalgamation need to provide appropriate funding and support for the process and for the establishment of an autonomous, self-directed tribunal. � Organisational structure � the structures put in place need to be appropriate, integrated and flexible, and should promote cohesion and interaction. � Process and procedure � the processes and procedures adopted in an amalgamated tribunal need to capitalise upon the opportunities provided by amalgamation, as well as being appropriate, efficient and able to balance the needs of a range of stakeholders. � Organisational culture � an organisational culture which counters natural tendencies towards disjunction will assist members and staff to identify with a newly amalgamated tribunal and to implement initiatives that will improve its performance. � Leadership � effective leadership plays an important role in ensuring a smooth transition from specialist to amalgamated tribunal, and engendering commitment from members and staff. Broadly speaking, these factors fall into the four categories of law, context, organisation and people. It is argued that attention must be paid to all four of these ingredients in order to achieve optimal tribunal reform. The thesis tests this proposition by examining the three most advanced tribunal amalgamations so far, namely, the Commonwealth ART, the NSW ADT and VCAT in Victoria. It is argued that the fate of the Commonwealth ART proposal proves the importance of a solid, generally endorsed legislative foundation in creating a viable amalgamated tribunal. The importance of context, organisation and people is borne out by qualitative research into the amalgamation experiences in NSW and Victoria. The fact that the NSW and Victorian governments decided to pursue policies of amalgamation at the same time provided a unique opportunity to compare the success or otherwise of two concurrent attempts at amalgamation in different jurisdictions. This thesis finds that the unfavourable political context in NSW prevented the ADT from realising its potential. In contrast, the VCAT experience highlights the benefits of paying careful attention to the wide range of factors that can contribute to a successful amalgamation. Of most relevance are the initial scale of an amalgamation, the political �will� behind its implementation, the appointment of a core of full-time members, and the creation of an open institutional culture which facilitates the sharing of information. In short, the thesis concludes that the successful construction and consolidation of a tribunal post-amalgamation requires that the necessary ingredients of optimal tribunal reform � legislation, context, organisation and people � are thoughtfully addressed.

The last decade has seen numerous proposals to reform existing tribunal systems in jurisdictions throughout the common law world. Across the board, there have been proposals to adopt generalist tribunal models in preference to smaller, specialist tribunal systems, and to achieve these changes through the process of amalgamation. The most significant recent developments to occur in Australia have taken place in Victoria and NSW during the past five years. Legislators in these States have chosen to amalgamate a number of smaller, specialist tribunals into larger, generalist bodies. In 1997 the NSW Parliament passed legislation amalgamating a number of specialist tribunals to create the Administrative Decisions Tribunal (ADT); comparable legislation was passed in Victoria in 1998 to create the Victorian Civil and Administrative Tribunal (VCAT). There were concurrent attempts to implement similar reforms at federal level. In 1998 the Commonwealth government announced its intention to amalgamate four Commonwealth merits review tribunals to form one �super Tribunal� � the Administrative Review Tribunal (ART). The Bills containing these proposals were ultimately defeated in the Senate, however the Australian Government remains convinced of the benefits of amalgamation at federal level. Similar reforms have been proposed in Western Australia, Tasmania and the United Kingdom. This thesis argues that these reforms are taking place in the absence of data about their likely implications, and without a thorough understanding of the objectives that generalist versus specialist tribunal systems can realistically achieve. This ill-considered or �over-hasty� trend towards amalgamation raises a number of questions which have not previously been addressed in academic or policy-making circles. An obvious question is whether or not an amalgamated tribunal model is more effective than a series of smaller, specialised tribunals in delivering administrative justice, in other words, whether there is any net gain to be had from a government�s decision to amalgamate. The less explored, but equally important, question addressed in this thesis is how the process of amalgamation should be approached in order to realise the maximum potential benefits that an amalgamated tribunal can bring. That is, to ask what are the ingredients of an optimal amalgamation. This is not a question about whether government decisions to pursue amalgamation are intrinsically worthwhile or beneficial for stakeholders. Rather, it is about how government decisions to amalgamate should best be implemented. This thesis proposes a way of differentiating between good and bad amalgamations, that is grounded in theory and informed by experience to date. The proposed approach is to assess the effectiveness of amalgamation processes using relevant measures drawn from an analysis of organisational theory literature: � Legislation � the legislation establishing an amalgamated tribunal needs to ensure the tribunal will have appropriate independence, powers, processes, membership and structure. � Political commitment � those responsible for proposing and planning an amalgamation need to provide appropriate funding and support for the process and for the establishment of an autonomous, self-directed tribunal. � Organisational structure � the structures put in place need to be appropriate, integrated and flexible, and should promote cohesion and interaction. � Process and procedure � the processes and procedures adopted in an amalgamated tribunal need to capitalise upon the opportunities provided by amalgamation, as well as being appropriate, efficient and able to balance the needs of a range of stakeholders. � Organisational culture � an organisational culture which counters natural tendencies towards disjunction will assist members and staff to identify with a newly amalgamated tribunal and to implement initiatives that will improve its performance. � Leadership � effective leadership plays an important role in ensuring a smooth transition from specialist to amalgamated tribunal, and engendering commitment from members and staff. Broadly speaking, these factors fall into the four categories of law, context, organisation and people. It is argued that attention must be paid to all four of these ingredients in order to achieve optimal tribunal reform. The thesis tests this proposition by examining the three most advanced tribunal amalgamations so far, namely, the Commonwealth ART, the NSW ADT and VCAT in Victoria. It is argued that the fate of the Commonwealth ART proposal proves the importance of a solid, generally endorsed legislative foundation in creating a viable amalgamated tribunal. The importance of context, organisation and people is borne out by qualitative research into the amalgamation experiences in NSW and Victoria. The fact that the NSW and Victorian governments decided to pursue policies of amalgamation at the same time provided a unique opportunity to compare the success or otherwise of two concurrent attempts at amalgamation in different jurisdictions. This thesis finds that the unfavourable political context in NSW prevented the ADT from realising its potential. In contrast, the VCAT experience highlights the benefits of paying careful attention to the wide range of factors that can contribute to a successful amalgamation. Of most relevance are the initial scale of an amalgamation, the political �will� behind its implementation, the appointment of a core of full-time members, and the creation of an open institutional culture which facilitates the sharing of information. In short, the thesis concludes that the successful construction and consolidation of a tribunal post-amalgamation requires that the necessary ingredients of optimal tribunal reform � legislation, context, organisation and people � are thoughtfully addressed.

Made available in DSpace on 2009-11-18T18:56:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 rvasconcellos.pdf: 808407 bytes, checksum: b6b0369fa9b9c5e32f52e92a322a8362 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Este estudo objetiva investigar o estágio em que se encontra a auditoria operacional no Tribunal de Contas do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (TCE-RJ), quais as suas modalidades já foram realizadas, os benefícios gerados para a melhoria da gestão do gasto público e os estágios que faltam para ser considerada plenamente implementada. A pesquisa parte do pressuposto de que no TCE-RJ a auditoria operacional ainda se encontra num estágio embrionário, assim como em quase todos os Tribunais de Contas dos demais estados, e necessita avançar mais para alcançar o estágio pleno, uma vez que este tipo de auditoria amplia os seus papéis para além da fiscalização legal das ações governamentais, ao ter que verificar a existência de eficiência, eficácia, economicidade e efetividade nessas ações. Além de proporcionar o fortalecimento dos controles internos e aperfeiçoamento das rotinas e procedimentos dos órgãos auditados e abrir um canal para interação com os gestores públicos. Para materializar os objetivos fixados, levantamos todas as auditorias com enfoque de auditoria operacional ou de avaliação de programas realizados nos últimos dois anos no TCE-RJ, selecionamos então uma delas para uma análise detalhada dos seus conteúdos e benefícios gerados ao aperfeiçoamento da gestão pública. O estudo analisou, ainda, como os técnicos gestores do Tribunal percebem auditoria operacional, a fim de identificar os benefícios que ela traz e os estágios a serem alcançados para a sua plena implementação.

Submitted by Roberto Santos Victer (robertosv@tcu.gov.br) on 2016-11-25T14:24:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Roberto Santos Victer_Mografia_Aprovada.pdf: 1737659 bytes, checksum: 8d9f1cdacfeb72f7bf6e7ebd2a61c285 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by ÁUREA CORRÊA DA FONSECA CORRÊA DA FONSECA (aurea.fonseca@fgv.br) on 2016-12-02T19:03:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Roberto Santos Victer_Mografia_Aprovada.pdf: 1737659 bytes, checksum: 8d9f1cdacfeb72f7bf6e7ebd2a61c285 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-07T13:10:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Roberto Santos Victer_Mografia_Aprovada.pdf: 1737659 bytes, checksum: 8d9f1cdacfeb72f7bf6e7ebd2a61c285 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-10 / This research aims at understanding the institute of judging the public accounts rendered by managers responsible for handling public money, values and assets, at the Brazilian constitutional scenario. The President of the Brazilian Federal Republic is held accountable directly to National Congress, while all other public managers are held accountable to The Brazilian Court of Accounts – TCU (according to the 1988 Brazilian Constitution, art. 71, I and art. 71, II, respectively). In the search for comprehending the meaning of this judgement, it was followed the hermeneutical philosophical tradition. It considers that any interpretation is only one among many possible ones, depending on the perspective the object of study is taken under consideration. In order to acquire new knowledge about the object of study, the research adopted a metaphor, i.e., a linguistic object, as being the author’s initial mapping of the reality. The path followed was that of the qualitative research, applicable at the TCU referential context, based upon bibliographical and documental analysis, as well as direct observation. It draws its conclusions from a previous review conducted by the Organisation for the Economic and Development Cooperation (OECD), where the governance framework related to the rendition of presidential accounts was analyzed. Due to the descriptive nature of the research, it was possible to propose new approaches for construing the meaning of ‘judging the accounts’. It considered semantic and pragmatic aspects. The result points out that TCU could apply ISSAI audit principles (level 3) at its judgment processes. Also, the research recognized that the final decision taken in such a process can be classified as Speech Act (Austin, 1962). / A presente pesquisa é a busca em compreender o que seja o instituto de julgar as prestações de contas de responsáveis por dinheiros, valores e bens público federais, competência constitucional exercida pelo Congresso Nacional (CN), no caso de a prestação de contas ser do Chefe da República Federativa do Brasil, ou pelo Tribunal de Contas da União (TCU), para todos os demais casos. A pesquisa seguiu a tradição da hermenêutica filosófica, em que a compreensão do objeto é apenas mais uma das possíveis interpretações que se pode obter, a depender da perspectiva que se o observa. A estratégia da análise foi a de construir objeto linguístico de cunho metafórico que inspirasse, e permitisse, a obtenção de novos conhecimentos sobre o objeto da pesquisa. A investigação seguiu o caminho da pesquisa qualitativa, aplicada ao contexto da Corte de Contas brasileira, baseada em análise bibliográfica, documental e observação direta. A pesquisa se vale de conclusões obtidas em estudo anterior, em que o TCU e a Organização para a Cooperação e o Desenvolvimento Econômico (OCDE) analisaram a estrutura de governança em torno da prestação de contas do Chefe da República Federativa do Brasil. O caráter descritivo e exploratório da pesquisa permitiu que fossem discutidos outros significados para o processo de julgamento das contas dos gestores ordinários, nos campos semântico e pragmático. Os resultados obtidos apontam que o TCU poderia aplicar os princípios de auditoria de nível 3 da Organização Internacional de Entidades de Fiscalização Superior (INTOSAI, na sigla em inglês) em seus processos de contas ordinárias. Logrou ainda a pesquisa reconhecer que a decisão final nos processos de julgamento de contas pode ser classificada como Speech Act, ou ato de fala, conforme Austin (1962).

Este trabalho é resultado de um estudo em que se pretende mostrar a legitimidade e a capacidade postulatória judicial do Ministério Público de Constas, instituição que recebeu tratamento constitucional somente com a Carta da República de 05.10.1988 e suas funções estão disciplinadas de forma esparsa no corpo da Constituição, compreendendo competências próprias de Ministério Público desde que correlacionadas com as matérias de competência do Tribunal de Contas. O primeiro capítulo é dedicado ao Tribunal de Contas no Brasil suas origens, evolução histórica, natureza jurídica de suas decisões e competências institucionais. No segundo capítulo, é dada ênfase à origem do Ministério Público de Contas e sua posição jurídica no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, às prerrogativas e vedações impostas aos seus membros. O terceiro capítulo é dedicado ao estudo do Ministério Público Comum como sujeito especial do processo e ao Ministério Público de Contas como agente legitimado para promover a execução do título executivo proveniente da decisão do Tribunal de Contas que imputa débito ou multa. / This work is the result of a study which aims to show the legitimacy and postulated judicial capacity of the Ministry of Public Accounts. An institution that received constitutional treatment only through the Charter of the Republic, 05.10.1988, its functions are governed in a scattered way throughout the body of the Constitution, including its own powers of prosecutors that correlates with the raw power of the Court of Accounts. The first chapter is devoted to the Court of Auditors in Brazil - its origins, historical development, the legal nature of their decisions and institutional competence. In the second chapter, emphasis is given to the origin of the Ministry of Public Accounts and their legal position in the Brazilian legal system as well as the prerogatives and prohibitions imposed on its members. The third chapter turns to the study of the phenomenon of legitimacy in the plans of the General Theory of law and procedural law. The last chapter is devoted to the study of Public Prosecution Policy as a subject of special process and the Ministry of Public Accounts as a legitimate agent to promote the implementation of the instrument from the decision of the Court which imposes a debt or fine.