This research investigated immunogenetic variability and explored how genetics and the unique histories of First Nations may contribute to differential resistance and/or susceptibility to tuberculosis. With the support of First Nations communities, DNA samples were collected from Dene, Saulteaux, Cree and Caucasian cohorts within Manitoba. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the cytokines promoter region of IL-12 (rs3212227) and in genes encoding the TLR2 (rs5743708)and TLR4 (rs4986790&4986791) were typed using PCR-RFLP analysis. Compared with the Caucasian and Saulteaux populations, the Dene and Cree were found to have a significantly higher frequency of SNPs associated with IL-12 low expression, while variation within TLRs was not statistically significant. The lower production of IL-12 has been associated with a down-regulated Th1 immune response, which is essential for the containment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. First Nations have unique cultural, political and historical identities and the contemporary immunogenetic profiles are likely a reflection of these histories.

The study mainly focuses on the role of dendritic cells (DCs)，especially DC subsets, in modulating intracellular bacterial infections and the modulating effect of these infections on allergic responses. Specifically, it investigated the molecular mechanisms of 1) mycobacterial infection, 2) chlamydia infection and 3) the effect of these infections on allergic reactions. The results demonstrated that Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination promoted the expansion of CD8+DCs, which showed a more mature phenotype and produced more IL-12 compared to CD8-DCs. In vivo BCG-primed CD8+DC, but not CD8-DC, was the dominant DC subset in inducing protective immunity against BCG infection. Further, the results showed that adoptive transfer of different DC subsets from BCG-infected mice inhibited OVA-induced allergic reactions through immune deviation and immune regulation mechanisms. In addition, the results showed that CD8+DCs primed by Chlamydia, another intracellular bacterial pathogen, inhibited the allergic responses through IL-10 dependent pathway. Further, the data demonstrated that IL-10 inhibited the expansion of protective Th17 cells following Chlamydia infection. DCs from IL-10 KO mice showed significantly higher ICOS ligand (ICOS-L) expression compared to WT mice. Th17 from Chlamydia infected mice, but not Th1 cells, expressed high levels of ICOS. Blockade of ICOS/ICOSL signaling virtually abolished the Th17 promoting effect of DCs from IL-10 KO mice but had no significant effect on Th1 cells. This study provided new knowledge on the immune regulation of DC, especially its subsets, which may be helpful for the rational development of new preventive or therapeutic methods to tuberculosis / Chlamydia infections and allergic diseases.

No description available.

No description available.

El conocimiento y las actitudes de enfermería, son pilares importantes en la atención que se brinda a las personas con tuberculosis. Esto depende del acceso y la oportunidad que las personas no abandonen el tratamiento. El objetivo es determinar la relación entre el nivel de conocimientos y actitudes de las enfermeras en la atención a la persona con tuberculosis en la Red Chiclayo durante el 2013. La hipótesis planteada es el alto nivel de conocimiento acerca de la tuberculosis, se relaciona con una actitud favorable en las profesionales de enfermería hacia el paciente con tuberculosis. La investigación fue de tipo cuantitativo, transversal, y con diseño correlacional, incluyendo en ella 40 profesionales de enfermería, las mismas que se seleccionaron por conveniencia. Para la recolección de datos se utilizaron 2 instrumentos: un cuestionario para medir el nivel de conocimientos validados por juicio de expertos; y la escala de Lickert para medir actitudes validadas por el análisis factorial (coeficiente Alfa-Crombach: 0,7). Los datos obtenidos se procesaron utilizando el programa estadístico SPS y Excel, teniendo como resultado que el 67.5%de los(as) profesionales presentaron un regular conocimiento acerca del manejo de la tuberculosis; las actitudes frente a los pacientes, un 77.5% tiene actitud favorable. Concluyendo que no, existe una relación significativa entre el nivel de conocimientos y las actitudes de los profesionales en enfermería debido a que el valor de p=-0.298.

El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar las diferencias entre los niveles de ideación suicida, en pacientes con Virus de Inmunodeficiencia Humana (VIH) y en pacientes con Tuberculosis (TBC), de los distritos de Pueblo Nuevo y de Ferreñafe. Se evaluó a 122 pacientes: 74 que acuden al Programa de Tratamiento Antirretroviral de Gran Actividad (TARGA) y 48 a la Estrategia Sanitaria Nacional de Prevención y Control de la Tuberculosis, utilizando la Escala de Ideación Suicida de Beck (1979) adaptada en Perú por Eugenio y Zelada en el 2011, con validez del 0.01 y confiabilidad de 0.79. Encontrándose diferencia significativa entre los niveles de ideación suicida de los pacientes con tuberculosis y los pacientes con VIH.

This research investigated immunogenetic variability and explored how genetics and the unique histories of First Nations may contribute to differential resistance and/or susceptibility to tuberculosis. With the support of First Nations communities, DNA samples were collected from Dene, Saulteaux, Cree and Caucasian cohorts within Manitoba. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the cytokines promoter region of IL-12 (rs3212227) and in genes encoding the TLR2 (rs5743708)and TLR4 (rs4986790&4986791) were typed using PCR-RFLP analysis. Compared with the Caucasian and Saulteaux populations, the Dene and Cree were found to have a significantly higher frequency of SNPs associated with IL-12 low expression, while variation within TLRs was not statistically significant. The lower production of IL-12 has been associated with a down-regulated Th1 immune response, which is essential for the containment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. First Nations have unique cultural, political and historical identities and the contemporary immunogenetic profiles are likely a reflection of these histories.

The study mainly focuses on the role of dendritic cells (DCs)，especially DC subsets, in modulating intracellular bacterial infections and the modulating effect of these infections on allergic responses. Specifically, it investigated the molecular mechanisms of 1) mycobacterial infection, 2) chlamydia infection and 3) the effect of these infections on allergic reactions. The results demonstrated that Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination promoted the expansion of CD8+DCs, which showed a more mature phenotype and produced more IL-12 compared to CD8-DCs. In vivo BCG-primed CD8+DC, but not CD8-DC, was the dominant DC subset in inducing protective immunity against BCG infection. Further, the results showed that adoptive transfer of different DC subsets from BCG-infected mice inhibited OVA-induced allergic reactions through immune deviation and immune regulation mechanisms. In addition, the results showed that CD8+DCs primed by Chlamydia, another intracellular bacterial pathogen, inhibited the allergic responses through IL-10 dependent pathway. Further, the data demonstrated that IL-10 inhibited the expansion of protective Th17 cells following Chlamydia infection. DCs from IL-10 KO mice showed significantly higher ICOS ligand (ICOS-L) expression compared to WT mice. Th17 from Chlamydia infected mice, but not Th1 cells, expressed high levels of ICOS. Blockade of ICOS/ICOSL signaling virtually abolished the Th17 promoting effect of DCs from IL-10 KO mice but had no significant effect on Th1 cells. This study provided new knowledge on the immune regulation of DC, especially its subsets, which may be helpful for the rational development of new preventive or therapeutic methods to tuberculosis / Chlamydia infections and allergic diseases.

No description available.

No description available.