<p>Nursing is one of the most important professions in the United States but it has historically endured high levels of shortage and turnover (Apker, Propp, & Ford, 2009; Fox & Abrahamson, 2009). A nurse’s organizational climate and culture have been shown to impact a number of job outcomes including intention to leave the organization (Aiken & Patrician, 2000), and therefore is of interest to both scholars and practitioners alike. One way to understand the context in which nurses work is through organizational identification because people make sense of their own identities in part through the organizations to which they belong (Kuhn & Nelson, 2002). However, because individuals have various identities which can reinforce but at times conflict with each other (Scott et al., 1999) and the strength of these identities can dictate outcomes such as performance (Trybou, Gemmel, Pauwels, Henninck, & Clays, 2013), it is necessary to explore how nurses connect to different identities and social collectives (e.g., team, organization, and occupation/profession) within their work. Further, these connections with the multiplicities of identifications may help explain the decisions that guide nurses’ career trajectories as well as how the perceived identity of a nurse guides individuals to choose a career in nursing. This project seeks to understand how nurses talk about their jobs and how communicating with other nurses influences their career trajectory and decision to stay in or leave their organization or the nursing profession altogether. </p><p>This project draws upon both social identity theory and self-categorization theory to help explain how nurses communicate and situate themselves among others in their workplaces. Social identity theory and self-categorization theory are suited for this study’s social constructionist approach and the topic of this research because they explain how the strength and multiplicities of identification within an organization are constructed and shaped by communication with others. Data collection methods for this study consist of in-depth interviews with nurses of specific licensures, posts collected online from a nurse discussion forum, and a questionnaire of nurse forum participants. This study applies a mixed methods approach consisting of qualitative and quantitative analyses. In doing so, this project contributes in several ways including extending our understanding of (1) the connections between the multiplicities of identification; (2) how nurses construct meaning in their jobs to guide career decisions; (3) the nature of nurses’ interactions in online spaces; (4) nurse career decisions; and (5) nurses’ perceptions of the nursing profession before entering the profession.</p>

<p>The purpose with this studie was to examine how individuals with experience of a long-term drugabuse describe their transformationprocess, and if this process has contributed to a change in their selfdescription. The studie was delimit to examine the transformationprocess, not in relation to what sort of abuse the informants had, or in relation to gender. The studie anwered questions concerning motivation to stop abusing, how the informants started the drugcareer, and how life as an abuser is described. In the studie qualitative method was used, five semi-structured interviewes were made with individuals who had a long-term addiction in the past. Symbolic Interactionism was the theoretical frame of referense that was used for analyse. Results showed that the description of the turningpoint either was as one specific event, or like a process connected to kumulative treatement experiences, and to other experienses described as positive. Results has also shown that the transformationprocess requiers time, and that it takes place both as a socialisation process and as an inner personal develpment. Important factors that affected the development was the relation to other human beeings, to have an onest relation to oneself, to participate in fellowships, personal sucess, to achieve a positive change in the view of themselves.</p>

The purpose with this studie was to examine how individuals with experience of a long-term drugabuse describe their transformationprocess, and if this process has contributed to a change in their selfdescription. The studie was delimit to examine the transformationprocess, not in relation to what sort of abuse the informants had, or in relation to gender. The studie anwered questions concerning motivation to stop abusing, how the informants started the drugcareer, and how life as an abuser is described. In the studie qualitative method was used, five semi-structured interviewes were made with individuals who had a long-term addiction in the past. Symbolic Interactionism was the theoretical frame of referense that was used for analyse. Results showed that the description of the turningpoint either was as one specific event, or like a process connected to kumulative treatement experiences, and to other experienses described as positive. Results has also shown that the transformationprocess requiers time, and that it takes place both as a socialisation process and as an inner personal develpment. Important factors that affected the development was the relation to other human beeings, to have an onest relation to oneself, to participate in fellowships, personal sucess, to achieve a positive change in the view of themselves.

Denna studie vill ge större inblick och förståelse för individen bakom den kriminella stämpeln, samt bringa insyn i dessa individers egna tankar om sina kriminella handlingar och kampen ut ur kriminaliteten. Avsaknaden av tron på att personliga livshändelser sker utifrån egna handlanden, där personen istället agerar passivt offer i sitt liv är något som återfinns hos interner. Motsatsen till detta är personer som tror på sitt eget handlande, det vill säga internal locus of control. Denna uppsats belyser kriminellas bakgrundshistoria till uppbrottet ur den kriminella livsstilen med fokus på locus of control, vändpunkter och framtidsperspektiv. Tio personer deltog, varav åtta män och två kvinnor i enskilda semistrukturerade intervjuer. Resultatet visade att majoriteten förklarade sin kriminalitet med yttre faktorer. De nådde vändpunkten när rädslan för att förlora sitt liv eller sina närstående blev för stor. Nio av tio ser nu långsiktigt på sin framtid till skillnad från förr.

Sveriges ungdomsvård är både omfattande, kostsam och har i vissa hänseenden heller inte uppnått optimal effekt för att ungdomarna ska nå ett självständigt, fungerande liv. Placeringskostnaderna för ungdomar på HVB i Sverige har mellan 2014 till 2015 ökat med 451 miljoner kronor och det kan tänkas att det vore angeläget att fokusera på det som fungerar snarare än det som inte fungerar för att vända utvecklingen. Denna kvalitativa uppsats syftar till att undersöka bakomliggande orsaker till ungdomars vändpunkter som bott på HVB eller institutioner. Fem personer som bott på HVB-hem eller institution som idag lever självständiga liv utgör urvalet. Intervjuerna från dessa fem utgör materialet som har analyserats med hjälp av konventionell kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultatet visar på att viljan till att få hjälp och bakomliggande orsaker till vändpunkten är beroende av varandras existens. När dessa ligger i samklang till varandra tycks det leda till att vändpunkten leder till en förändrad livssituation. Resultatet bekräftar till viss del befintlig forskning på området men indikerar också på behov av ytterligare forskning.

The purpose of this study has been to describe the process that women go through before they choose to end their criminal careers in order to hightlight main factors that play an important role for women´s destistance. The study also intends to investigate what causes the woman to maintain the abandonment and not fall back into crime. In order to answer the study's purpose, semistructured interviews with nine former criminal woman have been carried out. The paper starts with some earlier research in the field of women´s criminality. After that we show our results and analyze them by applying Ebuaghs (1988) Role exit theory and with help from Hirschis (2002) theory about social bonds.  The results show that childrelated events and the time spent in treatment-centers has had a major impact on most of the women.  Age-related events have also been significant for women's decisions to end their criminality. A fundamental factor for maintaining the abandonment has been the women's conviction and belief in wanting to succeed. Other events that turned out to be significant were thematized to: the importance of social support, employment and a community outside of crime.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第19471号 / 理博第4131号 / 新制||理||1594(附属図書館) / 32507 / 京都大学大学院理学研究科数学・数理解析専攻 / (主査)准教授 竹井 義次, 教授 岡本 久, 教授 小野 薫 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

This thesis has investigated the validity of the Environmental Kuznets Curve in the provinces of China which assumes the increase in GDP per capita (income per capita) would generate the raise of CO2 emissions (pollution) until a turning point in which CO2 emissions start decreasing. The study includes 30 provinces over a period spanning from 2000 to 2019 by applying OLS and Fixed-effects regression model with panel data. The findings demonstrate that the provinces of China conform to the EKC theory's projections by exhibiting an inverted-U shape. Apart from that, this study also confirmed the presence of differences in turning points between provinces with high income and those with low income, and the former exhibiting a significantly higher value. Our research findings suggest that policymakers should tailor their CO2 emission reduction policies to the specific circumstances of each region. In the absence of appropriate measures, a negative outcome may arise.

Research in life-course criminology has been studying turning points away from criminality. There is although a limited amount of research that has been focusing on parenthood and especially on fatherhood as a potential turning point. The available studies show mixed results in this topic and the findings suggest that there are factors that can both form and restrict fatherhood as a potential turning point towards desistance. The aim for the present thesis is therefore to get a better understanding of fatherhood as a potential turning point from persistent offending and to examine the role and meaning of fatherhood in the criminal careers of Swedish former criminals. Qualitative method in the form of retrospective semi- structured interviews has been used to collect data and five former offenders that became fathers during their criminal career participated in the study. The data have been analysed with systematic text condensation and the results indicate that the men did not desist after becoming fathers. They did however have both intended and unintended breaks from criminality when their child was born, but the criminal lifestyle was their first choice and their children were put on the second place. Relationships to friends and in some cases to the mother of the child was a restricting factor for fatherhood to become a turning point. Another factor that restricted fatherhood from being a potential turning point was human agency. The men concluded that an offending father can not receive help from society if there is no will for the father to desist.

The purpose of this study has been to gain an understanding of how drug addicts get out of an addiction from the perspective of people who have previously been addicted to narcotics. To achieve the purpose of this study we interviewed former addicts and social workers whose work is to help drug addicts. The interviews with the informants have been semi structured where as we had prepared some open questions but also as the interviews went on we thought of follow up questions to ask. The analysis was conducted with three theories: the turning point, natural recovery and social bond. The results show that there are different ways to reach a turning point when you decide to quit the habit and then there are various factors that facilitate a person of getting out of an addiction that also prevent relapse. Furthermore, the results show that their own perspective on what mattered the most during their way out of an addiction was the support of people who had gone through the same process of changing their lifestyle. They found that fellowship is essential to recovery and relapse prevention.