Air power has shown its usefulness throughout many wars and has been an effective tool for military interventions during the last decades. How airpower should be applied has been a highly debated topic for as long as it has been around. However, its use in humanitarian interventions is comparatively unresearched. One theorist that have received a lot of attention is John Warden and his five-ring-model. The purpose of this thesis is to test Wardens theory in humanitarian interventions, in order to contribute with research on the use of airpower in humanitarian interventions. This thesis is a comparative case study examining two similar and successful humanitarian interventions, Operation Deliberate Force and Operation Odyssey Dawn/Unified Protector. Results show that Wardens theory can not explain the success of the use of airpower in the operations. There are however some interesting similarities between the two operations that could be the key to success in humanitarian interventions. Further research is required to investigate this conclusion. / <p>Uppsatsen skriven VT 2018 under Termin 4 Officersprogrammet 16-19 med inriktning mot flyg. Examen genomförs VT 2019.</p>

Air power has shown its usefulness throughout many wars and has been an effective tool for military interventions during the last decades. How airpower should be applied has been a highly debated topic for as long as it has been around. However, its use in humanitarian interventions is comparatively unresearched. One theorist that have received a lot of attention is John Warden and his five-ring-model. The purpose of this thesis is to test Wardens theory in humanitarian interventions, in order to contribute with research on the use of airpower in humanitarian interventions. This thesis is a comparative case study examining two similar and successful humanitarian interventions, Operation Deliberate Force and Operation Odyssey Dawn/Unified Protector. Results show that Wardens theory can not explain the success of the use of airpower in the operations. There are however some interesting similarities between the two operations that could be the key to success in humanitarian interventions. Further research is required to investigate this conclusion.

Managing, handling, exchanging and accessing hydrogeological information depend mainly on the applied hydrogeological data models, which differ between institutions and across countries. Growing interest in hydrogeological information diffusion, combined with a need for information availability, require the convergence of hydrogeological data models. Model convergence makes hydrogeological information accessible to multiple institutions, universities, administration, water suppliers, and research organisations, at different levels: from the local level (on-site measurement teams), to national and international institutions dealing with water resources management. Furthermore, because hydrogeological studies are complex, they require a large variety of high-quality hydrogeological data with appropriate metadata in clearly designed and coherent structures. To respond to the requirement of model convergence, easy information exchange and hydrogeological completeness, new data models have been developed, using two different methodologies. At local-regional level, the HydroCube model has been developed for the Walloon Region in Belgium. This logical data model uses entity-relationship diagrams and it has been implemented in the MS Access environment, further enriched with a fully functional user-interface. The HydroCube model presents an innovative holistic project-based approach, which covers a full set of hydrogeological concepts and features, allowing for effective hydrogeological project management. This approach enables to store data about the project localisation, hydrogeological equipment, related observations and measurements. Furthermore, topological relationships facilitate management of spatially associated data. Finally, the model focuses on specialized hydrogeological field experiments, such as pumping tests and tracer tests. At the international level, a new hydrogeological data model has been developed which guarantees hydrogeological information availability in one standard format in the scope of the FP6 project GABARDINE (Groundwater Artificial recharge Based on Alternative sources of wateR: aDvanced Integrated technologies and management). The model has been implemented in the ArcGIS environment, as a Geospatial Database for a decision support system. The GABARDINE Geospatial Database uses advantages of object-oriented modelling (UML), it follows standards for geoscientific information exchange (ISO/TC211 and OGC), and it is compliant with the recommendations from the European Geospatial Information Working Group. Finally, these two developed models have been tested with hydrogeological field data on different informatics platforms: from MS Access, through a proprietary ArcGIS environment, to the open source, free Web2GIS on-line application. They have also contributed to the development of the GroundWater Markup Language (GWML) Canadian exchange standard, compliant with Geographic Markup Language (GML). GWML has the potential of becoming an international HydroGeology Markup Language (HgML) standard with a strong and continuous support from the hydrogeological community.

Abstract  Individual psychological factors have been recognized to play an important role in the development of stress-related symptomatology. Despite extensive comorbidity between stress-related ill health and mood disorders, the advances in research on emotion regulation and transdiagnostics, have not been recognized in stress research to any considerable degree. In the current study, using a single subject design with multiple baselines across individuals (n=6), a transdiagnostic treatment intervention targeting maladaptive emotional regulation strategies was implemented on patients suffering from stress-related symptomatology. Results show that symptoms of exhaustion decreased in five of six participants on post-measures, with considerable convergence between measures of depression, anxiety and stress. Further investigation of treatment effects, alongside the processes linking emotion regulation and stress-related symptomatology are needed. / Sammanfattning  Individuella psykologiska faktorer spelar en viktig roll i utvecklingen av stressrelaterade symtom. Trots en omfattande samsjuklighet mellan å ena sidan stressrelaterad ohälsa, å andra sidan depression och ångest, har framsteg inom emotionsforskning och transdiagnostik inte uppmärksammats i någon stor utsträckning inom stressforskningen. I den aktuella studien användes en single subject design med multipla baslinjer mellan individer (n=6), för att implementera en emotionsinriktad transdiagnostisk behandling på patienter som lider av stressrelaterade symtom. Resultaten visar att fem av sex deltagare visade minskade tecken på utmattning efter genomgången behandling, med avsevärd konvergens mellan mått på depression, ångest och stress. För att kunna påvisa behandlingseffekter, samt förklara de processer som förbinder emotionsreglering och stressrelaterade symtom, behövs ytterligare forskning på området.

In the twenty-first century, there are still many difficulties arise on software development. For example, the growing commercial demand variability, but the software maintainable level over time becoming less and less. We have to raise the importance of software design. Using good software design approachs to face the increasingly complex commercial demand. Therefore, this study analyzed the large-scale enterprise systems for the software design problems. Based on the theory of software design, software design methodology, software architecture, design pattern and design principle, this study introduce three software design approachs:"Flexible Integration Design", "Loosely Coupled Design", and "Parameter Table Design". Using the extensibility, flexibility, pluggability and reuseability to design system integration solutions: "Unified Accounting Rule Table" and "Unified Interface". This will help the large-scale enterprise systems for software development to increase quality and efficiency.

The survey has been conducted about how older adults use digital services on the Internet, what their thoughts are about them and the problems that can arise during use. The purpose of the survey is to treat the qualitative data to see what factors affect older adults to use various digital services to operate in society. This purpose has arisen from the problem which older adults are the smallest but fastest growing user group to take advantage of digital opportunities, today's society more or less requires that you have some sort of digital knowledge to be able to benefit from its services. Based on the objective, we have formulated our research question "Older adults are the fastest growing group of digital users, but in total still the lowest represented user group. What contributes to the rapid rise and what can we learn from the users of today on how to develop digital services for this age group in the future?" We chose to write about this project because we think that the subject is relevant and interesting to explore. Since one can see the obvious problems regarding this in everyday life, we chose to more deeply explore the area to give us a broader view. We have used qualitative methods like observations and semistructured interviews, these have been applied from prior knowledge of how to perform these methods to enable a good data collection. We have also created our own modified model based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) used to measure technology acceptance. The modified model is applied to the information we developed from them qualitative methods. The results from four informants indicate that there are critical factors that influence the use of digital services such as experience and needs, but these factors are individual and varies from person to person resulting in that there is not a single answer to the question but must be answered for each individual service.

Ett konsultföretags digitala samarbetsyta för projekthantering används inte i den utsträckningsom företagsledningen önskar och de misstänker att detta grundar sig i ett dåligt gränssnitt ochlåg användbarhet hos systemet. Etablerade teoretiska modeller föreslår att användarbeteendengrundar sig i intentioner. Dessa bygger i sin tur bland annat på attityden mot beteendet, subjektivanormer gentemot beteendet och specifikt för teknikanvändning även systemets värde ochmöjligheterna att få hjälp att använda det. Utifrån detta ställdes följande frågeställningar: (1)Beror det låga användandet på dålig användbarhet? (2) Beror det låga användandet påsubjektiva normer och attityder? (3) Finns det någon koppling mellan ett systems användbarhetoch användarnas vilja att använda det? Nio personer ur användarmålgruppen intervjuades ochfick genomgå användbarhetstester på systemet, vilket sedan utvärderades med SUS-enkäter.Systemets användbarhet konstaterades vara oacceptabel och nyttan det medför väger inte uppför ansträngningarna vid användande. Deltagarnas attityd gentemot systemet var överlagnegativ och byggde till stora delar på arbetsplatsens sociala kultur, då nyttan i systemet döljs avdet låga användandet. Genom korrelationsanalyser kunde inget samband mellan användbarhetoch viljan att använda påvisas. I intervjuerna framkom dock att användbarheten är en avgörandefaktor för viljan att använda. Dessa två företeelser är således inte direkt beroende av varandra,men samspelar under påverkan av andra faktorer. / The digital platform for internal cooperation within a consulting company is not used to theextent that the management wishes, something they suspect is caused by poor usability.Established theoretical models suggest that user behavior is controlled by intentions, which arebased on the attitude towards the behavior, as well as subjective norms. Specifically regardingtechnology usage, the value in using the system and the availability of guidance, are determiningfactors. From this, the following three research questions were formulated: (1) Is thelow usage caused by poor usability? (2) Is the low usage caused by subjective norms andattitudes? (3) Is there a connection between the usability of a system and the users’ intentionsto use it? Nine target users were interviewed and participated in evaluating the system throughusability testing and SUS surveys. The usability was considered unacceptable and the value ofusing it did not outweigh the effort during interaction. The attitude towards it was mainlynegative, primarily due to the social culture of the working place, with few current usersconcealing the value of usage. No connection between usability and the intention to use couldbe found through correlational analysis. From interviews, however, usability was identified asa determining factor for the intention to use. Thus, these phenomena do not directly affect eachother, but interact along with other factors.

A indústria de desenvolvimento de software está em constante evolução e em busca de novos desafios, como por exemplo: novas tecnologias, linguagens de programação e estratégias para aumentar a produtividade no desenvolvimento. Com o passar do tempo, essa evolução desejada tem se concretizado, em especial com o surgimento de conceitos como Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) e Model-Driven Development (MDD). Nesse contexto, ganha importância a reutilização de software, por exemplo por meio do uso de serviços que facilitam a interoperabilidade entre diferentes sistemas. Ambientes de desenvolvimento de software, em especial ambientes de reúso de software, poderiam se adequar à arquitetura SOA para facilitar a disponibilização de serviços a outros ambientes, promovendo sua integração e aumentando a possibilidade de reúso. Após um levantamento bibliográfico sobre ambientes integrados de reúso que utilizassem serviços para permitir o compartilhamento de recursos, percebeu-se que os trabalhos nessa direção são poucos. Ao mesmo tempo, observou-se que para integração de sistemas por meio de serviços é necessário criar camadas de acesso às entidades dos sistemas que compartilharão informações. A implementação desses serviços de forma manual é repetitiva e sujeita a erros, principalmente por programadores que não estão familiarizados com SOA. Por outro lado, diagramas de classes em UML (Unified Modeling Language) são de amplo conhecimento por parte de desenvolvedores e estão em um nível de abstração que é suficientemente detalhado para permitir a derivação de serviços de acesso às suas classes. Desta forma, para atender uma demanda crescente de sistemas que precisam oferecer serviços para possibilitar sua integração com outros sistemas, este mestrado tem por objetivo promover a geração automatizada de código de serviços por meio de transformações de modelo para texto, em que o modelo de entrada é um diagrama de classes derivado da UML e os serviços gerados cobrem operações básicas do tipo CRUD. O gerador resultante foi validado por meio de duas provas de conceito e mostrou-se adequado para cumprir os objetivos estabelecidos, visto que o desenvolvedor trabalha com um modelo em alto nível de abstração, não precisando conhecer os detalhes inerentes à implementação dos serviços. / The software development industry is constantly evolving and looking for challenges, such as: new technologies, programming languages and strategies to increase developers productivity. During the course of time, this required evolution has been concretized, especially with the emergency of concepts such as Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) and Model-Driven Development (MDD). In this context, software reuse gains importance, for example through the use of services that ease the interoperability of different systems. Software development environments, in special reuse environments, could be adapted to the SOA architecture to ease the availability of services to other environments, thus promoting its integration and possibility of reuse. After a literature review about integrated reuse environments that use services to allow resources sharing, it has been observed that there are only a few works in this direction. At the same time, it was observed that for system integration through services it is required to create an access layer for the system entities that share information. The manual implementation of these services is repetitive and error prone, especially for programmers who are not familiar with SOA. On the other hand, UML (Unified Modeling Language) class diagrams are widely known by developers and are at a level of abstraction that is sufficiently detailed to allow the derivation of access services to their classes. Thus, to meet a growing demand for systems that need to provide services to enable its integration with other systems, this masters dissertation aims to promote the automated generation of service code through transformations from model to text, where the input model is a class diagram derived from UML, and the generated services cover the basic CRUD operations. The resulting generator has been validated through two proofs of concepts and was adequate to meet the stated objectives, as the developer works with a model in a high abstraction level, and does not need to know the details related with the service implementation.

Revision har förekommit under tusentals år och professionen har utvecklats mycket under tiden som gått även om grundläggande drag förblivit det samma. Revision handlar om att granska finansiella rapporter och har därför en viktig roll i samhället, vilket medfört krav på trovärdighet och oberoende i revisionsarbetet. Samtidigt som grunderna måste hållas konstanta så påverkas revisionen av olika omvärldsfaktorer. En av dessa omvärldsfaktorer är digitalisering som är en världstrend som även spridit sig till revision. Tidskrävande och monotona moment ersätts med digitala verktyg för att effektivisera och höja kvalitén på revisionen. Digitaliseringen av revision gör det även möjligt att arbeta på distans, vilket blev aktuellt under våren 2020 då Covid-19 pandemin drabbade världen. Covid-19 pandemin skapade en global kris som bland annat påverkade revisionsbranschen. Syftet med denna studie är att skapa förståelse för revisionsbyråers och revisorers uppfattningar av Covid-19 krisens inverkan på digitaliseringen inom revisionen i Sverige. Studien har utgått från institutionell teori och Unified Theory of Acceptance and use of Technology och har med hjälp av tidigare forskning inom digitalisering av revision kunnat identifiera fem olika digitaliseringsområden Artificiell intelligens, Big data, Teleworking, datainsamling &amp; kundutveckling och alternativa medel för kontrollinventering. Dessa har satts i förhållande till studiens empiri för att skapa förståelse om hur covid-19 krisen påverkat digitaliseringen inom revisionen i Sverige. Studiens empiri utgörs av tre semistrukturerade intervjuer med revisorer och en dokumentstudie där årsredovisningar för 2018/2019 och 2019/2020 studerats från fem revisionsbyråer i Sverige. Studiens slutsatser är att ett institutionellt tryck lett till att digitalisering inom revision ökat främst med anledning av ökat på grund av de regleringar och restriktioner som förelegat. Dessa förändringar är bland annat teleworking som har såväl negativa som positiva upplevelser, nya granskningssätt vid inventering som också har blandade upplevelser, övergång till digitala möten, vilket upplevs som positivt. Samt en ökad möjlighet att använda analysverktyg vilket upplevs som positivt.

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