The subjects were 69 graduate faculty advisors, 187 foreign graduate students, and 184 American graduate students who were enrolled at North Texas State University in the Spring Semester, 1984. Statistical techniques used for data analysis include frequency distributions, percentages, means, and Mann-Whitney U test. Significant differences were determined by the two-tailed test of significance at or beyond the .05 level.

Evidências recentes na literatura apontam um elevado consumo de álcool entre estudantes universitários. Expectativas relacionadas aos efeitos do uso de álcool têm sido associadas tanto ao início quanto à manutenção do beber de jovens. De forma análoga, o grupo de pares é um aspecto de destacada relevância sobre o comportamento dos jovens, inclusive no que se refere ao uso de álcool. Por sua vez, tanto expectativas quanto grupo de pares podem modular de forma diferente o comportamento do beber de homens e de mulheres. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar diferenças de gênero sobre o uso de álcool, expectativas relacionadas aos efeitos do uso de álcool e o envolvimento com o grupo de pares de risco para o uso de álcool entre estudantes universitários da área da saúde. Participaram 238 estudantes (105 homens) de todos os anos dos cursos de Medicina e Fisioterapia da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo. Estudantes preencheram um questionário estruturado autoaplicável contendo os instrumentos AUDIT (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test), para avaliar o uso de álcool, AEQ-A (Alcohol Expectancy Questionnaire Adolescent Form), para avaliar as expectativas dos efeitos do uso de álcool, e DUSI (Drug Use Screening Inventory), para avaliar o grupo de pares. A prevalência do uso de álcool no ano foi de 92,1% entre os homens e de 81,2% entre as mulheres (X²=10,87; p=0,02). Homens também apresentaram maior prevalência do padrão de uso problemático de álcool (X²=8,19; p<0,01) e de binge drinking (X²=8,13; p<0,01). Expectativas de transformações globais positivas (Z=-2,12; p=0,03) e de melhora no desempenho sexual (Z=-2,76; p<0,01) associadas ao consumo de álcool foram mais significativamente relacionadas ao gênero masculino. Entretanto, não houve diferenças de gênero na pontuação média para a escala de relação de pares do instrumento DUSI (Z=-1,67; p=0,09). Apesar do elevado uso de álcool para ambos os gêneros, homens apresentaram maior prevalência de uso de álcool no ano, uso problemático e binge. Grupo de pares parece ser um possível fator de vulnerabilidade para o uso de álcool, independente do gênero. Entretanto, expectativas se correlacionaram de maneira positiva com o uso de álcool apenas entre os homens. Esses resultados podem indicar que diferenças de gênero podem ter importante papel na elaboração de estratégias de prevenção mais precisas e eficazes sobre o uso de álcool. / Recent evidences in scientific literature have indicated an increasing alcohol consumption in university students. Alcohol expectancies have been associated to the beginning and maintenance of drinking by young adults. Peer group is also a relevant aspect on young behavior, mainly on alcohol use. Both, alcohol expectancies and peer group can modulate drinking behavior of men and women by different pathways. This study aimed to evaluate gender differences of alcohol use, alcohol expectancies and peer relationship in university students of the health area. Observational, transversal study design on a convenience sample of 238 university students (105 men) from Medicine and Physiotherapy courses of the School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto of University of São Paulo. Students completed self-reported questionnaire, including AUDIT (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test), to evaluate alcohol use, AEQ-A (Alcohol Expectancy Questionnaire - Adolescent Form), to evaluate alcohol expectancies, and DUSI (Drug Use Screening Inventory), to evaluate peer group. 92.1% of men and 81.2% of women declared to have drank alcohol in the last 12 months (X²=10.87; p=0.02). Men scored significantly higher on prevalence of problematic alcohol use and binge drinking (X²=8.13; p<0.01). Expectancies of positive global transformations (Z=-2.12; p=0.03) and sexual enhancement (Z=-2.76; p<0.01) associated to alcohol consumption were more evident in male. However, no gender differences on peer relationship was observed (Z=-1.67; p=0.09). Despite of increased alcohol use for both gender, male have presented a greater prevalence of alcohol use in the last 12 months, problematic alcohol use and binge drinking. Peer group may be a possible vulnerability factor on alcohol consumption, independent of gender. However, alcohol expectancies presented a positive correlation to alcohol use only in men. Results indicate that gender differences may have an important role for the development of more efficient strategies for alcohol abuse prevention.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2018-05-09T17:55:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2014 - Thiene Salazar Livio de Moraes.pdf: 2466223 bytes, checksum: 10b082d56f8727cf87f75df80791376b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-09T17:55:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2014 - Thiene Salazar Livio de Moraes.pdf: 2466223 bytes, checksum: 10b082d56f8727cf87f75df80791376b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-04-30 / Adjustment disorder is a diagnostic criterion associated with stress, which can occur during or after the occurrence of one or more stressful situations. It is a clinical condition which impairs the performance and social functioning and / or occupational functioning of the individual. However, it is noticed that the scientific studies on this topic are scarce. This master?s dissertation investigates the treatment kinds of Adjustment Disorder through a literature review and his prevalence among university students. Thus, this work is presented through two articles. The first is a systematic review of scientific literature of the articles about treatments for the Adjustment Disorder, published in the virtual library collections PsychInfo and PubMed / Medline. The result showed that, among the articles selected through some criteria, none is of Brazilian origin; all are from other countries, and most of the European continent. Therapies indicated in the studies were classified as psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy and herbal medicine. The second article focuses on the mental health of college students at the Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro - Serop?dica. The study estimates the occurrence of the Adjustment Disorder among undergraduate students of the UFRRJ and detected the stressors preceding through a quantitative cross search, into a sample of 635 subjects. The results revealed that 19.4% of students matched the diagnostic criteria for the disorder Adaptation, according to the Inventory Valuation Adjustment Disorder (Self Report of the assessment of Adjustment Disorder) and 45.6 % showed susceptibility to development of psychopathological symptoms. Therefore, it is concluded that the mental health of the students in Brazilian universities, especially those that are located far from urban centers, requires scientific attention. Moreover, it is observed that little scientific attention has been given to Adjustment Disorder has collaborated that information on its prevalence in the general population and in specific populations as well as its diagnosis and its treatment remain scarce and inaccurate. / Transtorno de Adapta??o ? um crit?rio diagn?stico associado ao estresse, que pode se manifestar ap?s ou durante a ocorr?ncia de uma ou mais situa??es estressantes. ? um quadro cl?nico que entrava o desempenho e o funcionamento social e/ou ocupacional do indiv?duo. No entanto, percebe-se que os estudos cient?ficos sobre esse tema ainda s?o escassos. Esta disserta??o de mestrado se prop?s a investigar o Transtorno de Adapta??o a partir de uma revis?o de literatura, em torno dos tipos de tratamento e de sua preval?ncia entre estudantes universit?rios. Desse modo, esse trabalho ? apresentado atrav?s de dois artigos. O primeiro trata de uma revis?o sistem?tica da literatura cient?fica no que tange os artigos sobre tratamentos indicados para o Transtorno de Adapta??o, publicados nos acervos bibliogr?ficos virtuais Psycinfo e Pubmed/Medline. O resultado obtido mostrou que, dentre os artigos selecionados a partir dos crit?rios estabelecidos, nenhum ? de origem brasileira; todos s?o oriundos de outros pa?ses, sendo a maior parte do continente Europeu. As terapias indicadas nos estudos foram classificadas como Psicoterapia, Farmacoterapia e Fitoterapia. O segundo artigo enfoca a sa?de mental dos estudantes universit?rios da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro do campus Serop?dica. O trabalho estimou a ocorr?ncia do Transtorno de Adapta??o entre universit?rios da UFRRJ e detectou os fatores estressantes precedentes a ele, atrav?s de uma pesquisa Quantitativa Transversal, em uma amostra de 635 sujeitos. Os resultados revelaram que 19,4% dos alunos corresponderam aos crit?rios para o quadro de Transtorno de Adapta??o, segundo o Invent?rio de Avalia??o de Transtorno de Adapta??o (Self Report of the assessment of Adjustment disorder) e 45,6% demonstraram suscetibilidade ao desenvolvimento de sintomas psicopatol?gicos. Sendo assim, conclui-se que a sa?de mental dos graduandos das universidades brasileiras, principalmente naquelas que est?o localizadas distantes dos centros urbanos, requer aten??o do campo cient?fico. Al?m disso, observa-se que a pouca aten??o cient?fica dada ao Transtorno de Adapta??o tem corroborado para que informa??es sobre sua preval?ncia na popula??o geral e em popula??es espec?ficas, seu diagn?stico e seu tratamento continuem escassos e imprecisos.

Denna studie syftade till att undersöka sambandet mellan internaliserat ochexternaliserat beteende och utsatthet för brott. En kvantitativ ansats användesdär data samlades in i form av en webenkät som skickades ut till enstudentpopulation vilket resulterade i ett urval på 267 respondenter i åldrarna18 – 42 (M = 23,06 SD = 3,80). En logistisk regression utfördes för attundersöka sambandet mellan externaliserat och internaliserat beteende ochutsatthet för brott, när beteendena kontrollerades mot varandra. Resultatenvisade att endast externaliserat beteende var statistiskt signifikant med egenkraft och hade en oddskvot på 1,03 vilket innebär att för varje ökat värde påexternaliserat-skalan var det 1,03 gånger så troligt att respondenterna skullesvara att de hade utsatts för någon av de 11 brott som kontrolleras förinternaliserat beteende. Resultaten visade även statistisk signifikans mellanexternaliserat beteende och utsatthet för brott hos män, men inte hos kvinnor,samt statistisk signifikans mellan internaliserat beteende och utsatthet förbrott för kvinnor men inte för män. Dessa resultat lyfter fram viktiga fyndmellan dessa beteenden och utsattheten för brott. Författarna argumenterar föratt dessa resultat bör användas inom framtida brottsprevention för attprioritera var resurser skall läggas baserat på kön och typ av beteende, för attuppnå de mest adekvata insatserna. / The present study aimed to examine the relationship between internalizingand externalizing behaviors and criminal victimization. A quantitativeapproach was used and a web survey was sent out to a student population. Atotal of 267 respondents participated with an age range between 18 and 42years (M = 23.06; SD = 3.80). A logistic regression was used to investigatethe relationship between externalizing and internalizing behaviors andvictimization of crime while controlling independently for each of the twobehaviors. The results showed that externalizing behavior was significant,while controlling for internalizing behavior, with an odds ratio of 1.03. Thus,for each increased value on the externalizing scale a participant was 1.03times more likely to have responded that they had been exposed to a crime.The results were also significant between externalizing behavior and criminalvictimization for men, but not for women; and significant betweeninternalizing behavior and criminal victimization for women but not for men.These results highlights the association between internalizing andexternalizing behaviors and criminal victimization. The authors argue thatthese results should be used in future crime prevention strategies to prioritizewhere resources should be placed on the basis of gender and type of behavior,in order to achieve effective intervention outcomes.

Excerpt: The baby boomer generation is larger than any generation that has preceded it. Boomers are more likely to live longer and better than previous generations, and they have changed jobs more often than previous generations. They understand the necessity and have the desire to be life-long learners.

Associations between the satisfaction of basic psychological needs of autonomy, competence, and relatedness with current suicidal ideation and risk for suicidal behavior were examined. Two logistic regressions were conducted with a cross-sectional database of 440 university students to examine the association of need satisfaction with suicidal ideation and risk for suicidal behavior, while controlling for demographics and depressive symptoms. Suicidal ideation was reported by 15% of participants and 18% were found to be at risk for suicidal behavior. A one standard deviation increase in need satisfaction reduced the odds of suicidal ideation by 53%, OR (95% CI) = 0.47 (0.33–0.67), and the odds of being at risk for suicidal behavior by 50%, OR (95% CI) = 0.50 (0.37–0.69). Young adults whose basic psychological needs are met may be less likely to consider suicide and engage in suicidal behavior. Prospective research is needed to confirm these associations.

This study investigated the effects of selfesteem, controllability, and optimism, the constructs inherent in positive illusions, on perceived racism. The perceived racism scale in this study was found to contain two dimensions, Equal Opportunity (EO) racism and Authority (AUT) racism. Thirty-seven AfricanAmerican, 64 Asian-American and 100 White-American students at Portland States University {101 females, 100 males and mean age of 25 years) served as subjects. The findings revealed that both African- and AsianAmerican students perceived a racist atmosphere from peer students {EO racism) significantly higher than did the White-American students. However, only AfricanAmerican students perceived greater racism from faculty members (AUT racism) than the White-American students. None of the illusions had an effect on perceived EO racism. However, all types of illusions (self-esteem, controllability and optimism) had a significant effect on perceived racism from faculty members {AUT racism). Higher perception of AUT racism was correlated with less self-esteem(~= -.089, R = .12), less controllability(~= -.319, R < .001), and less optimism (~ = -.144, R = .03). The results of this study support empirical evidence showing that the illusions, especially controllability, change individuals in how they perceive racism when the racism is practiced by authorities.

Over the past 6 years, the course retention rate for Marylhurst University's (MU) online courses was 91%, which is within four percentage points of its on-campus course retention rate (Schreck, 2002). This appears to contradict a recent article in the Chronicle of Higher Education that stated, "Although there is significant variation among institutions with some reporting course-completion rates of more than 80% and others finding that fewer than 50% of distance-education students finish their courses, several administrators concur that course-completion rates are often 10-20 percentage points higher in traditional courses than in distance offerings" (Carr, 2000). Recent studies (Beatty-Gunter 2001; Crabtree, 2000; Cutler, 2000; Fox, 2000; Moore, Bartkovich, Fetzner, & Ison, 2002; Morrow, Woodyard, Mora, & Nather, 2001; Valdez, 2001) corroborate Carr's claim and were used to compare with MU results. This grounded theory, web-based, research study aims to explicate the reasons why MU online students complete courses at high rates and develop this understanding into an online student retention model. A grounded theory approach was used to conduct this study, which is described by Creswell (2002) as, "a systematic, qualitative procedure used to generate a theory that explains, at a broad conceptual level, a process, an action, or interaction about a substantive topic". The research process helped discover and shape the Online Course Retention Model (OCRM). The OCRM theorizes four major areas for inquiry into online course retention (Administration, Course, Student, and Teacher). Each major area of inquiry is divided into three variables of varying importance to online course retention. Perhaps the most profound discovery was not the major themes and supporting variables, but rather, the relationships between variables, and how these relationships explain the MU situation. The research concludes with an examination of possible "best practices" in online course retention, ideas for future research, and recommendations for implementation. Successful online course retention at Marylhurst University: Constructing a model for online course retention using grounded theory.

Thesis (M.A. (Clinical Psychology)) --University of Limpopo, 2006 / The purpose of the research study is to investigate the relationship between body mass and self-concept among adolescent female university students. First year female students from three different Schools and Faculties at the University of Limpopo, Turfloop Campus participated in the study. They were 75 in number. The study has both a quantitative and qualitative aspects. The qualitative was used to complement the quantitative aspect. The Rosenberg Self-esteem Measure was used to measure self-esteem. For the qualitative aspect, a topic guide was used for the focus group discussion prepared and used for the focus group discussion. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and the Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation were used to analyse the quantitative data. Results show that there is a relationship between body mass and self-concept and that overweight participants tend to have a low self-esteem. This low self-esteem was perceived to be aggravated by a number of factors like the attitude of the media and the society. Participants who are overweight also indicated that they are limited in certain areas of their lives (e.g., sports) as a result of their body mass. They expressed mixed feelings and frustration when it comes to such areas of like. Support groups, life-skills programmes and psychotherapy should be made available and attainable for overweight female adolescents.

<p>The study aimed to describe the knowledge and awareness of HPV infection and vaccine of female university students and to determine the predictors of vaccine acceptability.&nbsp / The study found that 70% of the participants were sexually active. Awareness and knowledge on HPV/vaccine were poor / with only 22% being aware of HPV and that a HPV vaccine was available in South Africa. A greater proportion (80%) reported willingness to be vaccinated. Being aware of the existence of a pap smear, higher knowledge about HPV, higher perceived vaccine effectiveness and higher perceived severity of HPV infection were significantly associated with increased willingness to be vaccinated.</p>