Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-09-26T18:02:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Andr? Lu?s Funcke.pdf: 2966034 bytes, checksum: bfb24d140c815977a4ccdc39c785b761 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-26T18:02:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Andr? Lu?s Funcke.pdf: 2966034 bytes, checksum: bfb24d140c815977a4ccdc39c785b761 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-07 / The biggest challenge to promote decent work (according to the International Labor Organization) at regions with the production organization influenced by global supply chains is to generate upgrading that benefit both companies and workers. Analyses of global production networks and value chains have focused mainly on companies, without considering the role of work and institutions indirectly linked to the means of production. The most widely used theoretical scope to address the issue of including local producers in global supply chains is the Global Value Chain. Some authors may argue that the GVC is not a theory but an analytical framework, that can be used within different theoretical approaches. However, to evaluate social up/downgrading, it was necessary that the initial analytical framework was complemented by a social network approach, in order to understand the interrelationship between all parts that influence the organization of local production, including issues related to legislation, trade unions and social protection. This research project aims to contribute to the understanding issues applied to the agricultural sector, investigating the relationship between firm economic upgrading and social upgrading regarding rural workers and small farmers, based on the assumption that economic upgrading does not necessarily lead to social upgrading. The study object is the productive organization of the irrigated region Petrolina / Juazeiro, which includes large commercial farms, large, medium and small farmers, multinational businesses and has its production focused on domestic and international markets. It was found that the inclusion of a productive region in global supply chains through value-added activities, obtains through technical capacity and standards aiming the international market, can benefit large and medium producers, but usually leads to exclusion of small farmers with low investment capacity, mainly family holders. On the other hand, the achievement of economic upgrading does not immediately imply in social upgrading to rural workers and small farmers, nor is guaranteed by the influence of the leading firms at the global supply chain. Obtaining social upgrading it is strongly related to the existence of an institutional and legal framework, that ensures voice and bargaining power by workers. This arrangement is highly influenced by the presence of a public administration with a focus on the pursuit of social equity and by de convergence of domestic and international markets. / O maior desafio para promover condi??es decentes de trabalho (segundo a organiza??o Mundial do Trabalho) associados a cadeias de produ??o integradas com mercados globais ? gerar ganhos que beneficiem tanto empresas quanto trabalhadores. As an?lises de redes de produ??o global e cadeias de valores t?m focado principalmente em empresas, sem considerar o papel do trabalho e de institui??es indiretamente ligadas ao meio de produ??o. O escopo te?rico mais utilizado para tratar a quest?o de inser??o de produtores em cadeias de suprimento globalizadas ? o Global Value Chain, que, recentemente, sofreu uma amplia??o para dar conta n?o apenas de quest?es econ?micas, mas tamb?m de quest?es sociais. Alguns autores argumentam que o GVC n?o ? um referencial te?rico e sim uma abordagem anal?tica que pode ser usada dentro de diversos enfoques te?ricos. No entanto, para dar conta da avalia??o de ganhos/perdas sociais foi necess?rio que o referencial anal?tico inicial fosse complementado por uma abordagem de rede social de forma a perceber o inter-relacionamento entre todos os atores que influenciam na organiza??o da produ??o local, incluindo quest?es relacionadas ? legisla??o, sindicalismo e prote??o social. Este projeto de pesquisa visa contribuir para a compreens?o de um quadro anal?tico aplicado ao setor agr?cola, que possa investigar o relacionamento entre as melhorias econ?micas obtidas por empresas e melhorias sociais dos trabalhadores rurais e pequenos produtores, partindo da suposi??o de que melhorias econ?micas n?o necessariamente levam a melhorias sociais. O objeto de estudo ser? a organiza??o produtiva da fruticultura no Brasil, atrav?s de pesquisas de campo conduzidas nos per?metros irrigados de Petrolina/Juazeiro, que comporta grandes fazendas comerciais, grandes, m?dios e pequenos produtores rurais, multinacionais e que tem sua produ??o voltada tanto aos mercados dom?sticos como internacionais. Verificou-se que a inser??o de uma regi?o produtiva em cadeias de produ??o globais atrav?s atividades de agrega??o de valor ? produ??o por interm?dio de melhorias t?cnicas e adequa??o da produ??o ao mercado internacional, pode trazer benef?cios para grandes e m?dio produtores, mas geralmente funciona como mecanismo de exclus?o de pequenos agricultores com baixa capacidade de investimento, principalmente os familiares. A converg?ncia entre as din?micas do mercado dom?stico e do mercado internacional ? fundamental para ampliar os ganhos econ?micos e sociais dos atores que comp?es a organiza??o da produ??o. Por outro lado, a consecu??o de ganhos econ?micos em ganhos sociais para trabalhadores rurais e agricultores familiares n?o ? imediata, nem garantida pela influ?ncia dos atores l?deres na coordena??o da cadeia produtiva. A obten??o de ganhos sociais est? fortemente vinculada ? exist?ncia de um arcabou?o institucional e legal, que garanta voz e poder de negocia??o por parte dos trabalhadores e foi altamente influenciada pela presen?a de uma gest?o p?blica com enfoque na busca da equidade social.

Experimental studies showed the feasibility of adding metallic catalysts and tetralin for the upgrade and increased recovery of heavy oil during the in situ combustion process. Further experimental studies also showed the applicability of in situ combustion as a viable method of upgrading and improving recovery of intermediate oils. Three successful experimental runs were performed with heavy oil from Mexico (10.1 degrees API gravity). The first run was the control run without the addition of tetralin or metallic catalysts; the second run used heavy oil premixed with 3 wt% tetralin and 500ppm nickel catalyst; and the third run was with heavy oil premixed with 3 wt% tetralin and 500ppm iron catalyst. For the three runs, the cell production pressure was kept constant at 300 psig. The combustion cell was placed in a vacuum jacket and set to a temperature of 60 degrees C. For the only successful run with the intermediate Texas oil (22.0 degrees API gravity), the production pressure was also kept constant at 300 psig but the vacuum jacket temperature was set to a reservoir temperature of 40oC. During the runs for both oils, samples of produced oils and combustion flue gases were collected at regular intervals for analysis. These analyses included determination of oil viscosity and density, oil recovery, combustion front velocity, and apparent H/C ratio. Experimental results for the intermediate oil run, the oil gravity increased by 6 points showing the upgrading effects of in situ combustion on intermediate oils. Also, the high average combustion temperatures observed during the run indicated that in situ combustion may be applicable to reservoirs of similar characteristics to the intermediate Texas oil reservoir. Heavy oil experimental run results indicated that the use of tetralin and metallic catalysts increase the average combustion front temperature from 484 degrees C to 501 degrees C for the run with nickel catalysts, and from 484 degrees C to 492 degrees C for the run with iron catalysts. These results also show an increase in produced oil recovery from 83% to 90% of oil initially in place for the nickel catalyst run, and 83% to 86% of oil initially in place for the iron catalyst run.

The purposes of this thesis are probing into the joint venture of China¡¦s automobile industry, because I am studying on why the development of China¡¦s automobile industry is many differences. The result of the research can help me to understand the transition in Chinese automobile industry from 1994 to 2004 and can the joint-venture policy give Chinese automobile industry any help. And then how Chinese automobile industry utilize opportunities and avoid threat by inference. No matter Taiwan, China or the western scholar analyse Chinese automobile industry by one side. Hence, this research will analyse the relationships among supply, demand and government policy in the joint-venture policy of the Chinese automobile industry. In the meanwhile, analyzing the advantages and disadvantages that the joint-venture policy brought with the role of China, and then find the reason the obstacle takes place in the development of Chinese automobile industry. The conclusion of this paper is because of the central government¡¦s and local governments¡¦ goals are inconsistent, let multinational enterprise break up Chinese motor corporation one by one in the negotiation of cooperation. This is the reason that Chinese automobile industry and market preferrence are inconsistent now.

The aim of this bachelor thesis was to investigate how local farmers of sunflower and local processors of sunflower oil in Babati, Tanzania perceive constraints and possibilities to value chain upgrading by conducting a case study. Open-ended interviews were conducted during a period of eight weeks with local sunflower farmers, local sunflower processors and other actors with knowledge of the sunflower value chain. The results from the study show that the main constraints perceived by farmers were lack of capital and incentive to buy new seeds, lack of knowledge of how to re-plant old seeds, their lack of bargaining position and market knowledge which together put restrains on their market access. The main constraints, perceived by local processors, were lack of access to credit, lack of market access with regard to sunflower cakes, a bi-product of sunflower oil production, and a shortage of sunflower seeds on the local market. With regard to the shortage of seeds produced in the area this was discussed further with the respondents as it seems to be connected with actors need for diversification as a form of risk aversion. The main upgrading options as perceived by farmers were value addition by also processing and selling the sunflower oil and different forms of horizontal integration. The main upgrading option perceived by local processors of sunflower oil was an insourcing of the labelling and packaging of sunflower oil which would create access to higher value markets.

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Sócio-Econômico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Economia. / Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-23T12:35:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 249545.pdf: 1526655 bytes, checksum: 32ffa8d6eb9c313a88f2a2925d70352f (MD5) / A presente dissertação busca caracterizar as relações produtivas de empresas inseridas nos arranjos produtivos locais de calçados da região de São João Batista, de móveis da região de São Bento do Sul, e o têxtil-vestuarista da região do Vale do Itajaí, participando de cadeias produtivas globais, no intuito de compilar um estudo sobre o processo de internacionalização dessas empresas estabelecidas no Estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Na perspectiva da globalização econômica, a capacidade de produzir e exportar bens manufaturados vem sofrendo uma pronunciada dispersão, sob a forma das crescentes redes de empresas localizadas tanto em países centrais, como em periféricos. Por outro lado, observa-se a crescente relevância de aspectos locais, à medida que se acentua a importância conferida às diferenciações regionais, que servem também como suporte e condicionante para as relações globais. Nesse sentido, aglomerações produtivas são fundamentais para essas empresas obterem maiores vantagens competitivas em mercados globais. É de nota as diferentes formas em que tais empresas estão inseridas nesses mercados, definindo diversos tipos de governança da cadeia global de valor, e criando distintas oportunidades de desenvolvimento para elas mesmas. Dessa forma, parte-se da hipótese que as empresas dos APLs em questão desfrutam de economias externas de aglomerações que as permitem participarem dos mercados globais de forma competitiva, possibilitando que as interações com as cadeias produtivas globais apresentem conformações organizacionais distintas e potenciais de upgrading; a possibilidade de se desenhar um único padrão relacional no segmento dessas indústrias tradicionais no Estado de Santa Catarina parece bastante improvável. Os resultados das análises efetuadas mostram diferentes tipos de governança firmadas a partir da participação de tais arranjos em suas respectivas cadeias globais de valor, assim como distintas possibilidades para o upgrading de produtos, processos e funções. This dissertation attempts to typify the operative relations of industrial organizations inserted in the local productive arrangements comprised of producers of shoes in the São João Batista region, of furniture in São Bento do Sul, and of textiles-garments in Vale do Itajaí, all of these participating in global productive chains, with a view to compile a study on the internationalization process experimented by these companies founded in the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil. In the perspective of economical globalization, the capacity to produce and export manufactured goods is being marked by an accentuated dispersion among a growing number of organizations located both in developed and developing countries. On the other hand, it can be observed the increasing relevance of regional influences, in line with the importance represented by local differentiations, which also support and condition such global relations. In this sense, productive agglomerates are necessary for the obtaining, by such organizations, of higher competitive advantages at global markets. Notwithstanding, the different forms in which the companies studied are imbedded in their respective markets define several types of governance in global value chains, which in turn fertilize opportunities for their development. In this way, it can be figured out that the organizations under investigation benefit from the economies of external agglomerates, allowing them a competitive participation in global markets, at the same time that interactions with global productive chains, which favors their upgrading, appear with distinct profiles; it appears that the contouring of a single relational model for the traditional industries in Santa Catarina State is rather improbable. The results of this brief assessment show variable types of governance formed from the participation of such arrangements in their corresponding global value chain, together with a number of possibilities for upgrading of products, processes and functions.

The aim of the work was to examine microalgae growth and nutrient elimination in various diluted digestates in the first trial, then to study CO2 removal from a simulated biogas mixture by the same strain in the second trial. Scenedesmus SCCP K-1826 was cultivated in the digestate from Sundet biogas plant diluted 10, 20 and 30 times. The cultures were open-air with occasional CO2 injections to control pH. On day 15, the best growth was obtained in the 10 times diluted sample. COD, TN and TP removal efficiencies were similar in each bottle as the strain didn’t perform better in any specific dilution. The control proved that additional mechanisms other than photosynthesis contributed to digestate cleaning. Using the 10 times diluted sludge, Scenedesmus was grown in sealed flasks filled with simulated biogas (35.3 % CO2 + 32.3 % CH4 + 32.3 % N2). More algal biomass was produced in this batch culture. Nutrient removal efficiencies were close to the ones reached in the open-air flasks. After 10 days, 96 % of carbon dioxide was reduced. Methane content was depleted as well, possibly due to undesirable methane oxidizing bacteria which infiltrated the medium.

O foco desta pesquisa é a atuação de arquitetos e urbanistas militantes em urbanização de favelas. Para tal recorremos acasos concretos de experiências de urbanização de favelas com a participação destes técnicos na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo e Município do Rio de Janeiro da década de 60 aos anos 2010. Pretendemos desta forma olhar para este campo de atuação do arquiteto e urbanista, mas focando naqueles que historicamente têm exercitado intervenções mais justas, mais integradoras, mais emancipadas em favelas. Trata-se de um reconhecimento da atuação destes arquitetos - sujeitos políticos, mas também a apresentação de uma retrospectiva sobre as suas práticas, muitas vezes pioneiras no seu campo de atuação. Trata-se também de uma reflexão sobre os alcances e limites da sua ação militante. Selecionamos sujeitos que se destacam nessa atuação e cujas experiências que acontecem num tensionamento entre técnica, estética e ética. Na prática, os resultados são por vezes limitados, e muitas vezes frustrantes, mas ao mesmo tempo, seguramente inspiradores. A partir dos seus relatos e reflexões, mesmo que em contexto muito diversificados, encontramos pontos de contato nas metodologias, nas ações e nas intenções e que denominamos como práticas militantes em urbanização de favelas. Com esta pesquisa propomos um mapeamento de possíveis referências, mas também o questionamento sobre o lugar do arquiteto frente a territórios de conflito. / This research focus on the action of militant architects and urban planners in what regards slum upgrading processes in favelas from the 60\'s to the 10\'s decades. In order to do so, we resort to concrete cases of slum upgrading experiences in favelas that counted upon the participation of theses subjects in the metropolitan region of São Paulo, as well as in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro. We aimed at regarding this field of action of architects and urban planners focusing on the professionals that have been proposing interventions that seek to be more just, more integrated, and more emancipated in favelas. This work intends to recognize the background of these architects - understood as political subjects herein - but also, to approach a retrospective about their experiences that usually reveal to be pionneer in their professional field. It also aims at analyising the limits and advances of their militant action. We have chosen professionals that stand out in their field of action, and whose experiences stress the boundaries of ethics, aesthetics and techinique. In the end, the results of their experiences are rare, generally frustrating, but at the same time, surely inspiring. We have built our analysis upon their oral information and their own relfections over their experience, and, despite the different contexts, we have come to common points in terms of methods, practice and inteverntions, that we have have designated as militant practices in slum upgranding. Through this research, we present a mapping of possible references, but also a questioning over the role of architects in territories of conflicts.

The springboard perspective argues that emerging market multinational enterprises (EMNEs) can overcome their latecomer disadvantages via aggressive and risk-taking capability-upgrading measures in developed economies. However, extant research is mainly designed to study cross-sectional data sets rather than longitudinal process research. Therefore, the former contributes little to explaining the evolution of EMNEs’ springboard strategy in a consideration of firm-specific capability-upgrading. Building on these main tenets and echoing scholars’ appeal for further research into EMNE’s capability-upgrading and qualitative process perspective, this thesis opens the way for two new avenues of research in the springboard literature: the initial springboard assumption, the springboard advantages of specific host locations – most notably small and open developed economies, and the relationship between different ownership structures and springboard strategy. By default of process research these avenues have been poorly explored. In order to address these avenues and further uncover the evolutionary motivations and processes of springboard behavior, this study uses Chinese multinational enterprise (CMNE) cases to investigate how they achieve firm-specific capability-upgrading through a process perspective.While CMNE strategies in large European markets such as Germany, the UK, and France have received considerable attention, there is a lack of in-depth research on the locational advantages of most notably small and open economies such as Belgium, the Netherlands or Luxemburg. Given the demand for the extension of the aforementioned springboard perspective and the specificity of the research object and setting, I follow a grounded approach as part of inductive research. Grounded theorizing is especially plausible in research contexts calling for theoretical elucidation grounded in the practitioners’ own experiences. This theory can provide a more complete and convincing argument through creative interpretation and systematic rigor. In this study, our major sources of data are collected by interviews. On the basis of a grounded analysis, five aggregate dimensions emerged which relate to the process of CMNE’ capability-upgrading through overseas investment: (I) Capability-upgrading intent, (II) Initial learning challenge, (III) Learning mechanism, (IV) Subsidiary bound evolution, (V) Capability evolution. Furthermore, we developed a three-phase model of springboard capability-upgrading starting from i) headquarter managers’ initial intent, ii) Subsidiary learning challenge, and iii) consequent renegotiation with headquarter managers with regard to the subsidiary’s capability-upgrading role. This result shows that the subsidiary mandates of CMNEs have evolved along with different stages of internationalization.This study makes two main contributions to the springboard literature. First, it challenges assumptions of the springboard perspective through a process perspective. Second, this study contributes to qualitative process research and proposes a grounded model of CMNE evolutionary springboard process based on a three-stage typology. It suggests that CMNEs’ learning through subsidiaries in small and open economies has extended the scope of the springboard perspective through insights into the evolutionary process. / Doctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

My work centers on drawing economic insights about the macroeconomy based on disaggregated mechanisms and empirical patterns. In my first chapter, I study technology upgrading in the Chinese manufacturing sector and its dynamics after trade liberalization. I first document that Chinese firms often engage in capital substitution episodes, during which firm labor productivity increases, labor shares drop, and skill intensity increases. A model in which firms adopt new skill-intensive technology through investment in capital upgrading naturally rationalizes these facts, linking capital substitution events to technological change. Empirically, trade liberalization shocks reduce capital substitution at Chinese firms, raising the possibility that trade liberalization may delay short-run growth. I then build a quantitative GE model with heterogeneous firms, capital upgrading, and trade liberalization shocks. After liberalization in the model, strategically delayed capital upgrading by firms pushes technological and consumption gains further into the future, meaningfully expanding the horizon over which trade gains manifest themselves. In the second chapter, I exploit rich data on tens of millions of housing transactions from Zillow to document poor house price growth in manufacturing-heavy regions in the US. The chapter shows that manufacturing shares strongly predict dampened house price growth, mechanically contributing to a rise in housing wealth inequality across regions. However, this price growth difference is particularly strong for lower-priced houses, amplifying inequality within regions as well. Overall, I find that cross-sectional house price inequality has increased by around 10%, with around a third of this increase due to the relative decline of lower-value homes. In the third chapter, I combine empirical tools and structural modeling to measure the effect of monetary policy on consumption through housing. Exploiting quarterly US data, I estimate empirically that a 1% unexpected interest rate shock causes average house prices to drop by about 1.4% in two years. Feeding this empirical response into an incomplete markets model, I find that aggregate consumption shifts by around 0.3% in response to the shock. A lean-against-the-wind monetary policy can stabilize consumption dynamics along a transition path.

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