Past investigations were mostly concentrated on the upwelling phenomena observed in the coastal region caused by the variations of topography and the influences of monsoon and oceanic currents. These upwelling are the major sources known to form the plankton production in the surface layer. Remote sensing techniques have been developed very fast recent years, more profound phenomena could be observed at the sea surface. The biggest advantage of using satellite-scanning technique is that larger area can be observed than before and have fewer limitations by weather. Short-term upwelling, such as the storm generated upwelling, can be traced. Lin (2003) reported cold sea surface temperature regions along two typhoon tracks from satellite images. Sea surface cyclonic eddies can usually be observed at the region of typhoon where covered with depressions and strong winds. It is often the place where the upwelling also occurred. Snapshot of satellite images also shown plankton in surface water could grow very quickly after the typhoon left, since enough nutrients have been supplied from deep water. Due to the high water temperature and evaporation rate in the SCS, it is a well know region of energetic weathering system where typhoon occurs quite often. In order to quantify the upwelling processes and study the effects of after-typhoon bloom, a set of numerical studies have been carried out since in-situ measurements are nearly impossible to be implemented. A European community model, COHERENS, has been applied to model the hydrodynamics in the SCS. Slight modification of the code has been done in order to introduce the wind and the pressure field inside typhoon using a parametric typhoon model. In this paper, a series of idealized typhoon cases have been designed, i.e. using various depths, wind intensities and the speed of moving, to identify the influences to vertical structure of the sea water. Simulation of a real case, typhoon Kai-Tai occurred from 6 July to 10 July 2000, will also presented. The model domain is from 3¢XN to 29¢XN and 99¢XE to 125¢XE with a resolution of 1/6 degree. Cold-water upwelling can be observed from the model results.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2003. / Dissertation supervisors: Curtis A. Collins, Franklin B. Schwing. Includes bibliographical references (p. 95-108). Also available online.

Temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen concentration measured in an estuary were analyzed to determine if the effects of coastal upwelling could be observed and used to effectively monitor the degree of upwelling. Hydrographic data collected weekly at a point four miles from the entrance of Yaquina Bay (Buoy 15) were analyzed for their applicability as indicators of coastal upwelling. Only data collected during the known upwelling season off Oregon of May through October were considered. Low temperature, low dissolved oxygen concentration, and high salinity occurred when the wind was strongly from the north-- conditions expected during times of active upwelling. A regression analysis was performed to establish the relationship between water temperature and wind velocity averaged over a three day period. The two were significantly related. Various weighting schemes were applied to the wind observations to obtain an average wind which would provide the best correlation between wind and temperature. A wind averaged over four days and weighted heaviest during the third 24 hour period prior to the temperature observation resulted in the best correlation. A prediction model was formulated to allow for the prediction of water temperature 24 hours in advance based upon the known wind field during times of active upwelling. Comparisons of temperature and salinity from five miles off the coast with that in the estuary established that the upwelled water entering the estuary on the flood tide originated from a depth of about 20 meters at three-five miles off the coast. Measuring the temperature, salinity, and oxygen concentration of the bottom water near the mouth of an estuary does provide an effective, reliable, and simple method of monitoring the stage of upwelling occurring outside the estuary. / Graduation date: 1969

Graduation date: 1982

Graduation date: 1978

Thesis (M.Phil.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 103-108). Also available in electronic version.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2008. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 100-107).

Thesis (M.S. in Meteorology and Physical Oceanography)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 1990. / Thesis Advisor(s): Ramp, Steven R. Second Reader: Smith, David C. "June 1990." Description based on title screen as viewed on 20 October 2009. DTIC Identifier(s): Ocean currents, ocean circulation, Pacific Ocean, Monterey Bay (California), Monterey submarine canyon, oceanographic data, ADCP (Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler), meteorological data, air water interactions, mean flow, theses. Author(s) subject terms: Monterey Bay, currents, observations, modeling, upwelling. Includes bibliographical references (p. 103-107). Also available in print.

Thesis (M.S. in Meteorology and Physical Oceanography)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 1990. / Thesis Advisor(s): Ramp, Steven R. Second Reader: Smith, David C. "June 1990." Description based on title screen as viewed on 20 October 2009. DTIC Identifier(s): Ocean currents, ocean circulation, Pacific Ocean, Monterey Bay (California), Monterey submarine canyon, oceanographic data, ADCP (Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler), meteorological data, air water interactions, mean flow, theses. Author(s) subject terms: Monterey Bay, currents, observations, modeling, upwelling. Includes bibliographical references (p. 103-107).

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