Esta pesquisa tem como objeto o estudo da dinâmica interna dos territórios periféricos pela análise da micromobilidade relacionada à implantação de infraestrutura de transporte de âmbito regional. O trabalho pretende demonstrar as qualidades das redes e malhas de micromobilidade como fonte informativa das dinâmicas socioespaciais contidas no território informal e como componente de qualifi cação urbana, trazendo para o projeto metropolitano dados cruciais sobre o seu funcionamento interno e as potencialidades de articulação com as escalas de mobilidade maiores. Ao considerar a malha de mobilidade como rede espacial, com densidade própria e capacidade de impregnação no território, nos interessa vislumbrá-la como ferramenta física de composição urbana, capaz tanto de dar acesso e de gerar polaridade, de construir as redes de proximidade, e de fomentar o sentimento de identidade pelos seus usuários. A pesquisa aborda aspectos contemporâneos das transformações na periferia metropolitana no contexto do distrito do Jardim Ângela em São Paulo ao identifi car as especifi cidades próprias deste local em diferentes escalas. / The research studies the internal dynamics of suburban territories through the analysis of micromobility related to the implementation of regional transport infrastructure. This paper aims at demonstrating the values of micromobility networks as an informative source of the sociospatial dynamics contained in the informal territory and as a component of urban qualifi cation. These networks bring crucial data to the metropolitan planning about its internal functioning and the potentialities of articulation with larger scales of mobility. Mobility as a spatial network, with its own density and impregnation capacity in the territory, becomes a physical tool of urban composition, giving access and generating polarity to build proximity networks and to foster the sense of identity by its users. The research deals with contemporary aspects of the ongoing transformations in suburban district Jardim Ângela in São Paulo, identifying the specifi c characteristics of this area at diff erent scales.

Esta pesquisa tem como objeto o estudo da dinâmica interna dos territórios periféricos pela análise da micromobilidade relacionada à implantação de infraestrutura de transporte de âmbito regional. O trabalho pretende demonstrar as qualidades das redes e malhas de micromobilidade como fonte informativa das dinâmicas socioespaciais contidas no território informal e como componente de qualifi cação urbana, trazendo para o projeto metropolitano dados cruciais sobre o seu funcionamento interno e as potencialidades de articulação com as escalas de mobilidade maiores. Ao considerar a malha de mobilidade como rede espacial, com densidade própria e capacidade de impregnação no território, nos interessa vislumbrá-la como ferramenta física de composição urbana, capaz tanto de dar acesso e de gerar polaridade, de construir as redes de proximidade, e de fomentar o sentimento de identidade pelos seus usuários. A pesquisa aborda aspectos contemporâneos das transformações na periferia metropolitana no contexto do distrito do Jardim Ângela em São Paulo ao identifi car as especifi cidades próprias deste local em diferentes escalas. / The research studies the internal dynamics of suburban territories through the analysis of micromobility related to the implementation of regional transport infrastructure. This paper aims at demonstrating the values of micromobility networks as an informative source of the sociospatial dynamics contained in the informal territory and as a component of urban qualifi cation. These networks bring crucial data to the metropolitan planning about its internal functioning and the potentialities of articulation with larger scales of mobility. Mobility as a spatial network, with its own density and impregnation capacity in the territory, becomes a physical tool of urban composition, giving access and generating polarity to build proximity networks and to foster the sense of identity by its users. The research deals with contemporary aspects of the ongoing transformations in suburban district Jardim Ângela in São Paulo, identifying the specifi c characteristics of this area at diff erent scales.

Traffic congestion continues to be a growing problem for cities of all sizes in the United States. Transportation agencies in urban areas are facing the difficult challenges of providing an efficient and reliable transportation system for residents and businesses despite ever-diminishing resources. Agencies in these areas need the capability of determining the future benefits of transportation investments so they can communicate this information to the public. This capability is difficult for many agencies, especially some of the smaller ones, who may not have the resources to make these analyses without turning to expensive long-range models. This research uses readily available socio-economic, land use, and traffic congestion data from many of the Texas urban areas to create prediction models to estimate future traffic congestion levels. Many of the transportation agencies that could utilize this tool do not have the resources to deal with large complex databases. Thus, basic information such as income, employment, single family residences, or commercial properties, to name a few, is used to create the predictions models. Results from this research show that traffic congestion prediction models can be created from socio-economic and land use data. These models were created for eighteen individual Texas urban areas and several combinations of areas. Transportation agencies could use the results of this research to estimate future congestion in their respective areas.

Submitted by Irene Nascimento (irene.kessia@ufpe.br) on 2016-09-06T19:10:33Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) TESE_ISABELLE_YRUSKA_BRAGA_AVALIACAO_MODELO_GERENCIAMENTO_QUALIDADE_SISTEMA_MOBILIDADE_URBANA_METODO_ARGUMENTACAO_SISTEMI~1.pdf: 4127411 bytes, checksum: 9b32409287a30f245b7e5eefb9e189e7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-06T19:10:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) TESE_ISABELLE_YRUSKA_BRAGA_AVALIACAO_MODELO_GERENCIAMENTO_QUALIDADE_SISTEMA_MOBILIDADE_URBANA_METODO_ARGUMENTACAO_SISTEMI~1.pdf: 4127411 bytes, checksum: 9b32409287a30f245b7e5eefb9e189e7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-11-26 / O crescimento desordenado das cidades, atrelado à falta de planejamento e de gerenciamento urbano tem impedido o desenvolvimento sustentável da mobilidade urbana. A reversão desta tendência na direção da sustentabilidade passa pela integração da mobilidade urbana às demais políticas urbanas, com o objetivo maior de priorizar o cidadão na efetivação de seus anseios e necessidades, melhorando as condições gerais de deslocamento na cidade. Portanto, a ideia de mobilidade centrada nas pessoas é o ponto principal a ser considerado numa política de desenvolvimento urbano que busque a produção de cidades justas, de cidades para todos, que respeitem a liberdade fundamental de ir e vir, que possibilitem a satisfação individual e coletiva em atingir os destinos desejados, as necessidades e os prazeres cotidianos (BRASIL, 2006). De acordo com o Ministério das Cidades (BRASIL, 2006), quatro são os pilares da mobilidade sustentável: (1) planejamento integrado de transporte e uso do solo urbano; (2) melhoria do transporte coletivo urbano; (3) promoção da circulação não motorizada; (4) uso racional do automóvel. O objetivo principal da presente tese é verificar qual o modelo de gestão ideal da mobilidade urbana e confrontá-lo com o atual modelo verificado na Região Metropolitana de João Pessoa (RMJP). Através dos conceitos de mobilidade urbana e de sistema de mobilidade urbana aplicados ao seu gerenciamento recomendados por Macário (2011) e pelo Ministério das Cidades (2006), é utilizada a metodologia do pensamento sistêmico para se obter um diagnóstico do gerenciamento do sistema de mobilidade urbana da RMJP, Brasil. A construção deste diagnóstico baseou-se primeiramente na elaboração e aplicação de um questionário contendo 75 questões, aplicado a stakeholders (usuários, planejadores e operadores) do sistema de mobilidade urbana da Região Metropolitana de João Pessoa, que veio a fornecer 33 variáveis-chave para este diagnóstico e avaliação. Elas foram tratadas através do método do pensamento sistêmico, fazendo uso da ferramenta denominada SysLogic, programa computacional que apoia a construção de arquétipos sistêmicos que torna possível o diagnóstico do sistema, mostrando as variáveis estratégicas e suas relações causais, indicando onde agir para melhorar o sistema de mobilidade urbana. Os resultados foram analisados sob uma visão geral dos três grupos de stakeholders, sendo analisadas também as perspectivas individuais de cada grupo de atores sobre o sistema atual de gerenciamento da mobilidade urbana. A variável chave apontada nos arquétipos, sob a percepção dos stakeholders foi a “qualidade da cobertura de rede”, ou seja, uma melhor qualidade da cobertura de rede, provavelmente ocasionará uma melhor qualidade do sistema de mobilidade urbana para toda a população. / The uncontrolled growth of cities, linked to the lack of planning and urban management has prevented the sustainable development of urban mobility. The reversal of the inclination towards sustainability involves the integration of urban mobility to other urban policies, with the ultimate goal of prioritizing citizens in the fulfillment of their desires and needs, improving the general conditions of moving around the city. Therefore, the idea of people-centered mobility is the main point to be considered in an urban development policy that seeks the production of fair cities, cities for all, respecting the fundamental freedom to come and go, enabling individual and collective gratification in reaching desired destinations, necessities and everyday pleasures (BRAZIL, 2006). According to the ministry of cities (BRAZIL, 2006), there are four sustainable mobility pillars: (1) integrated transportation planning and urban land use; (2) improvement of urban public transport; (3) promoting non-motorized traffic; (4) rational use of automobiles. The present thesis has as its main aim, to verify what is the ideal urban mobility management model and contrast it to the current model being tested in the metropolitan area of João Pessoa. Using concepts for urban mobility, urban mobility system applied to the management of this system recommended by Macário (2011) and Ministry of Cities (2006), the methodology of system thinking is used to obtain a diagnosis of urban mobility system management in the metropolitan area of João Pessoa, Brazil. The construction of this diagnosis is based primarily on the development and implementation of a questionnaire containing 75 issues, applied to stakeholders (users, planners and operators) of the urban mobility system in the metropolitan area of the city, which provided 33 key variables for this diagnosis and evaluation. They were treated in the system thinking method, making use of a tool called Sys-logic, a computer program that supports the construction of systemic archetypes which makes it possible to diagnose the system, showing strategic variables and their causal relationships, indicating where to act to improve the urban mobility system. The results were analyzed under an overview of the three stakeholder groups, and the individual perspectives of each group of actors about the current system of urban mobility management were also analyzed. The variable key pointed out on the archetypes, under the perception of the stakeholders, was the “network coverage quality”, meaning, a better network coverage quality will probably entail a better quality management of the urban mobility system.

Due to its extensive applications, VANETs had emerged as one of the important research areas in wireless networks. The main motto of vehicular technologies is to enhance traffic management by improving safety and also provide a reliable data exchange and information services among vehicles.   Vehicular communications is a co-operative technology that enables communication among different vehicles, infrastructure and other devices. V2V, V2I communication models are commonly used in vehicular networks. Recently, extensive research is being performed on hybrid model which integrates both V2V and V2I models. The main goal of this research is to study the nature of these communication models in an urban and highway traffic environment and suggest a simulated model which helps to which provide reliable vehicular communication.   Literature study helps to gain knowledge on the background of vehicular networks. Later, a simulated model is designed with the help of SUMO and NS-3 which implements all these communication models. The simulated model which is developed is classified into different phases and each phase represents a different communication model. Each phase is completely different from one another. All these phases are incorporated in both urban and highway traffic environments.   Performance metrics are evaluated and analyzed to study the behavior of these models. Throughput, PDR, Packet-Drop and Propagation-Delay are the performance metrics considered.   Simulation analysis shows that hybrid model exhibits a stable communication behavior when compared with V2V and V2I in both urban and highway traffic environments.

The urban population is predicted to increase to 66% by 2050. The rapid growth of urbanization and increasing congestion are significant challenges faced by the world today. Innovative solutions in urban mobility are key for a successful development and a sustainable future. The new paradigm, Internet of Things (IoT), facilitates the need for new approaches in urban transportation, leading to a modern concept: Smart Mobility. The boom of technology and innovation from recent years allowed a great expansion of IoT. Furthermore, the number of smart devices that communicate, cooperate and complement each other, grows rapidly in every domain broadening the scope of IoT applications. This paper sets to discuss the impact that IoT might have on urban mobility, mentioning its implications, challenges and technical solutions. It further reviews the advancements made in the transport infrastructure along the years that support the emergence of Smart Mobility. Three main research questions stay at the forefront of this paper which are drafted in pursuit of the solutions for the problems and challenges currently faced by urban transportation. Which leads to a sustainable future with efficient and effective urban transportation system. The paper uses a mix-method approach, using on one hand qualitative research for literature review (State of the field) and on the other hand quantitative research to assess public opinion on the research topic, through an online questionnaire. To answer the research questions with proper arguments, both research methods were necessary, which lead to optimal results. The results of the questionnaire were interpreted based on Spearman's correlation and descriptive statistical analysis. They brought an in-depth view on the public opinion regarding IoT and the developments enabled by this paradigm within the urban mobility sphere. The output of the questionnaire highlights the eagerness of participants usually stuck in traffic to see innovation within urban mobility. Over all the results based on the opinions suggest that the public strongly believes in the Internet of Thing's applications and its adaptation will benefit the urban transportation system. Furthermore, new developments in the urban mobility sphere will be largely embraced.

Este trabalho apresenta o impacto de medidas de gestão como a implantação das faixas exclusivas no tráfego da cidade de São Paulo que, associada à reestruturação semafórica, tem melhorado a mobilidade urbana em São Paulo. Para tanto, traça-se o cenário da mobilidade urbana e, em seguida, analisa-se o quanto a implantação de mais de 400 km de faixas exclusivas nos últimos dois anos impacta no aumento da velocidade média dos ônibus e na redução do crescimento da lentidão do tráfego. A experiência de outras grandes cidades indica que a adesão a novas ferramentas de gestão é alternativa viável para a promoção de avanços qualitativos no transporte coletivo urbano e no transporte em geral, bem como na integração entre modais de transporte motorizado e não motorizado, no deslocamento de pessoas e cargas com mais eficiência e segurança. Por fim, apontam-se outras possibilidades tecnológicas que poderão ampliar os resultados positivos obtidos na mobilidade paulistana. / This work presents the impact of management measures such as the establishment of exclusive tracks in the city of São Paulo traffic that is associated with the semaphore restructuring, has improved urban mobility in São Paulo. To do so, construct the scenario of urban mobility and then analyzed how much the deployment of more than 400 km of exclusive tracks for the past two years impacts on increasing the average speed of buses and reduced growth of traffic slowdowns. The experience of other major cities indicates that membership of the new management tools is a viable alternative to the promotion of qualitative advances in urban mass transit and transportation in general, as well as in the integration between motorized transport modal and non-motorized, the displacement of people and cargo with more efficiency and safety. Finally, point out other technological possibilities that can magnify the positive results obtained in mobility in Sao Paulo.

Este trabalho apresenta o impacto de medidas de gestão como a implantação das faixas exclusivas no tráfego da cidade de São Paulo que, associada à reestruturação semafórica, tem melhorado a mobilidade urbana em São Paulo. Para tanto, traça-se o cenário da mobilidade urbana e, em seguida, analisa-se o quanto a implantação de mais de 400 km de faixas exclusivas nos últimos dois anos impacta no aumento da velocidade média dos ônibus e na redução do crescimento da lentidão do tráfego. A experiência de outras grandes cidades indica que a adesão a novas ferramentas de gestão é alternativa viável para a promoção de avanços qualitativos no transporte coletivo urbano e no transporte em geral, bem como na integração entre modais de transporte motorizado e não motorizado, no deslocamento de pessoas e cargas com mais eficiência e segurança. Por fim, apontam-se outras possibilidades tecnológicas que poderão ampliar os resultados positivos obtidos na mobilidade paulistana. / This work presents the impact of management measures such as the establishment of exclusive tracks in the city of São Paulo traffic that is associated with the semaphore restructuring, has improved urban mobility in São Paulo. To do so, construct the scenario of urban mobility and then analyzed how much the deployment of more than 400 km of exclusive tracks for the past two years impacts on increasing the average speed of buses and reduced growth of traffic slowdowns. The experience of other major cities indicates that membership of the new management tools is a viable alternative to the promotion of qualitative advances in urban mass transit and transportation in general, as well as in the integration between motorized transport modal and non-motorized, the displacement of people and cargo with more efficiency and safety. Finally, point out other technological possibilities that can magnify the positive results obtained in mobility in Sao Paulo.

Accurate travel time data are necessary to monitor and evaluate traffic conditions effectively. In the past 20 years, the hours per year lost by the average driver have increased by 300% in the 85 largest U.S. cities, which translates into lost productivity and increased costs. State department of transportation (DOT) agencies and other government organizations need accurate travel time and speed information to better combat this congestion faced by motorists. In the past, ground truth travel time information was typically collected with probe vehicles using the “floating car” method. However, new methods using data collected from global positioning systems by private companies such as INRIX®, Navteq®, and TomTom® have emerged that allow travel time data to be obtained more cheaply and quickly. The Urban Mobility Report (UMR) has turned to these companies, specifically INRIX®, for calculating congestion indices across the United States. This is done by analyzing average speeds and reference speeds supplied by INRIX. The UMR analysis relies on INRIX-supplied reference speeds to calculate delay, which produces artificially high delay on many suburban arterials. Currently, these reference speeds are determined by taking the 85th percentile of weekly speeds (typically overnight hours [10PM to 6AM]). There is a need to refine the reference speeds on arterials in order to account for signal operations, particularly during the daytime hours, so that the UMR more accurately reflects arterial congestion across the nation. Using Bluetooth and INRIX speed data, this thesis develops a new reference speed methodology that accurately reflects arterial delay during daytime hours. This study found that a 60% daytime free-flow reference speed best represents arterial congestion. Using Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) guidelines, this thesis also explores the use of Bluetooth data for arterial and intersection level of service (LOS) analysis under both HCM 2000 and HCM 2010 methodologies. Through analysis, it was found that Bluetooth data capture more of the high and low LOS values compared to the HCM methodology based on segment speed calculations. These high and low LOS values, as well as the rapidly changing LOS between 15-minute intervals, could be attributed to an insufficient sample size.

abstract: Factors that explain human mobility and active transportation include built environment and infrastructure features, though few studies incorporate specific geographic detail into examinations of mobility. Little is understood, for example, about the specific paths people take in urban areas or the influence of neighborhoods on their activity. Detailed analysis of human activity has been limited by the sampling strategies employed by conventional data sources. New crowdsourced datasets, or data gathered from smartphone applications, present an opportunity to examine factors that influence human activity in ways that have not been possible before; they typically contain more detail and are gathered more frequently than conventional sources. Questions remain, however, about the utility and representativeness of crowdsourced data. The overarching aim of this dissertation research is to identify how crowdsourced data can be used to better understand human mobility. Bicycling activity is used as a case study to examine human mobility because smartphone apps aimed at collecting bicycle routes are readily available and bicycling is under studied in comparison to other modes. The research herein aimed to contribute to the knowledge base on crowdsourced data and human mobility in three ways. First, the research examines how conventional (e.g., counts, travel surveys) and crowdsourced data correspond in representing bicycling activity. Results identified where the data correspond and differ significantly, which has implications for using crowdsourced data for planning and policy decisions. Second, the research examined the factors that influence cycling activity generated by smartphone cycling apps. The best predictors of activity were median weekly rent, percentage of residential land, and the number of people using two or more modes to commute in an area. Finally, the third part of the dissertation seeks to understand the impact of bicycle lanes and bicycle ridership on residential housing prices. Results confirmed that bicycle lanes in the neighborhood of a home positively influence sale prices, though ridership was marginally related to house price. This research demonstrates that knowledge obtained through crowdsourced data informs us about smaller geographic areas and details on where people bicycle, who uses bicycles, and the impact of the built environment on bicycling activity. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Geography 2018