This study examines what individuals of limited pecuniary resources in an urban society have to say about how they conceive of or interact with family, neighborhood, city, and society at large, as well as what some of the material and metaphorical boundaries are they meet, and how these function. The narratives they tell delineate ways, directly or indirectly, the consultants attempt to make sense of their lives, and explicate certain of their intertanglements with and perspectives on boundaries they encounter. When boundaries are placed, according to their characteristics, on a soft to hard continuum, an opening presents itself, signaled by specific, identifiable components, to reveal the constructions of empowerment and disenfranchisement that lie behind some seemingly unbreachable barriers. The consultants for this paper tell of skills and creativity they use to re-frame, ignore, cross, or otherwise get around many prevalent constrictive boundaries in order to conduct fulfilling lives. Since much of the success of ethnography, particularly that based on participant observation, hinges on capabilities to cross boundaries in order to understand different communities, the consultants' knowledge of ways to contend with boundaries can be applied productively to anthropological investigations. / text

<p> This research paper is a study of conflict over development in an urban society. The Marxist/Political Economy explanation of urban phenomena is employed throughout as a basis for analysis. Two specific development cases are discussed: the first case is the proposal to rezone property to permit a medical office and the second is the application to build an apartment complex on a piece of land that contains an historical building. The purpose of this paper is to explain how and why conflict occurs over development, taking into account the different facets of the Marxist/Political Economy perspective. Emphasis is given to the discussion of the roles that local government, the planners, the residents and the developers played in the decisions over the actual proposals for development. It is concluded that the Marxist/Political Economy perspective is the most advantageous to use in a discussion of urban conflict. This study of conflict is important for the urban geographer who wishes to explain this type of human interaction. Since urban geographers are interested in comprehending the city and its functions, it is important to begin by understanding the people, the most significant components of the city. </p> / Thesis / Candidate in Philosophy

As novas demandas colocadas pelo capitalismo mundial após a crise imobiliária americana de 2008 colocam novamente em contato direto a questão urbana e as crises. Um problema se coloca diante dos fatos: identificar o papel do urbano no mundo contemporâneo. Para percorrer esse caminho serviu de apoio a discussão feita pelos pesquisadores do GESP (Grupo de Geografia Urbana Crítica Radical) ligado ao LABUR (Laboratório de Geografia Urbana da Universidade de São Paulo). Aqui encontramos uma hipótese, a cidade como negócio, que de certa forma atualiza as discussões de Henri Lefebvre acerca da passagem da sociedade industrial para a sociedade urbana. Para problematizar essa hipótese recorremos às formulações de Lefebvre entre os anos 1960 e 1970, estudos recentes do economista francês François Chesnais, acerca da mundialização do capital, e de David Harvey, que procura de certo modo transitar entre a Geografia e a Economia Política, além de uma passagem sobre o capital financeiro em Marx. O método utilizado foi o regressivo-progressivo desenvolvido por Henri Lefebvre e que procura propor uma forma dialética de relacionar análise e síntese através de um movimento histórico. Os estudos nos permitiram identificar alguns elementos de ajustes na transição da hipótese lefebvriana à hipótese da cidade como negócio. Especialmente o fato de a mundialização do capital ter se completado somente no fim do século XX coloca questões novas acerca da sociedade urbana e da relação entre o desenvolvimento do capitalismo e o processo de urbanização. / The new demands placed by world capitalism after the 2008 US housing crisis put the urban issue and crises in direct contact. A problem arises in the face of the facts: to identify the role of the urban in the contemporary world. In order to follow this path, it supported the discussion by the researchers of the GESP (Radical Critical Urban Geography Group) linked to LABUR (Laboratory of Urban Geography of the University of São Paulo). Here we find a hypothesis, the city as business, which in a way updates the discussions of Henri Lefebvre about the transition from industrial society to urban society. In order to problematize this hypothesis, we have used Lefebvre\'s formulations between the 1960s and 1970s and recent studies by the French economist François Chesnais on the globalization of capital, and by David Harvey, who seeks to somehow move between Geography and Political Economy of a passage about financial capital in Marx. The method used was the regressive-progressive one developed by Henri Lefebvre and that tries to propose a dialectical form to relate analysis and synthesis through a historical movement. The studies allowed us to identify some elements of adjustments in the transition from the Lefebvrian hypothesis to the hypothesis of the city as business. Especially the fact that the globalization of capital was completed only at the end of the twentieth century poses new questions about urban society and the relationship between the development of capitalism and the process of urbanization.

Submitted by Angela Maria de Oliveira (amolivei@uepg.br) on 2018-11-06T18:09:05Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Joao Luiz Stefaniak.pdf: 8681644 bytes, checksum: 334b972ad60ed0920d1f80a5a122973c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-06T18:09:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Joao Luiz Stefaniak.pdf: 8681644 bytes, checksum: 334b972ad60ed0920d1f80a5a122973c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-31 / Os acontecimento que se desenrolaram no Brasil em Junho de 2013 estão inseridos na história contemporânea do país. A partir dos protestos convocados pelo Movimento do Passe Livre contra o aumento da tarifa do transporte público uma multidão toma conta das ruas das principais cidades brasileiras. A presente pesquisa busca compreender como foi possível um movimento pontual, que está relacionada a questão urbana, foi capaz de catalisar a indignação de milhões de pessoas. A rua, mais do que cenário das manifestações, constituiu o espaço onde se gestou uma Nova Utopia. Em um curto momento da nossa história se vislumbrou uma revolução. Esta revolução, segundo Henri Lefebvre, representa a superação da velha sociedade industrial por uma nova: a "sociedade urbana". Em Junho de 2013 as velhas ideologias foram incapazes de conter a rebelião que nas ruas colocaram questionaram o velho sistema. A "revolução urbana" se fez presente em um momento fugaz mas intenso onde a juventude precarizada se apropriou da cidade rompendo com o alienante cotidiano das cidades. / The events that developed in Brazil in June 2013 are part of the country's contemporary history. From the protests called by the Movement of the Free Pass against the increase of the rate of the public transport a crowd takes care of the streets of the main Brazilian cities. The objective of this present research is to understand how a punctual movement, which is related to the urban question, was able to catalyze the indignation of millions of people. The street, more than scene of the manifestations, constituted the space where a New Utopia was born. In a brief moment of our history a revolution was envisioned. This revolution, according to Henri Lefebvre, represents the overcoming of the old industrial society by a new one: the "urban society". In June of 2013 the old ideologies were unable to contain the rebellion that put in the streets questioned the old system. The "urban revolution" was present in a fleeting but intense moment where the precarious youth appropriated the city by breaking with the everyday alienator of the cities.

Esta pesquisa procura situar a produção do espaço no contexto das operações de reurbanização na cidade de São Paulo, especificamente, a \"revitalização do centro\". Tais abstrações se colocam na realidade reduzindo as potencialidades do urbano, este entendido como lugar do encontro, a simples troca de mercadorias e relações contratuais entre \"agentes\" sociais, ora personificados em capitalistas, ora, em proletários. Neste sentido, o espaço, de modo estratégico, é produzido como espetáculo, ideologia e meio de segregação, dentro dos limites de uma economia capitalista que se apresenta agora como crise do trabalho. Diante destas circunstâncias, as relações de produção não se efetivam totalmente e é cada vez maior uma crescente população de trabalhadores que não consegue vender sua força de trabalho, devido à redução de sua oferta no mercado, e que, por isso, não encontra lugar nesta economia. Através destas questões, buscou-se definir táticas de resistência de parte desta população, notadamente os sem-tetos, perante a revitalização do centro. Daí, o problema da habitação não se resumir às restrições físicas da residência, mas a luta pela cidade, a própria existência e o habitar. / This research tries to situate the production of the space in the context of the operation of reurbanization in the city of São Paulo, specifically, \"the revitalization of the center\". This abstractions are putting in the reality reducing the potentiality of the urban, this understand how a place of the meeting, the simple change of merchandises and contractual relations between social \"agents\", sometimes personified in capitalists, sometimes, in workers. In this way, the space, in a strategic way, is produced like spectacle, ideology and segregation way, inside the limits of a economy capitalist that show yourself like the worker\'s crises. In front of this circumstance, the production relationship don\'t be totally effective and each time a increasing population of workers that don\'t obtains sell his work?s strength, because of the reduction of his offer in the work\'s market, and them because of this, they don\'t find their place in the society. Among these questions, searches have been made to define tactics of resistance by part of the population, nominated the homeless, ahead the revitalization of downtown. So, the problem of habitation can\'t be resumed to the physical restriction of home, but the fight for the city, the own existence and the living.

Esta pesquisa procura situar a produção do espaço no contexto das operações de reurbanização na cidade de São Paulo, especificamente, a \"revitalização do centro\". Tais abstrações se colocam na realidade reduzindo as potencialidades do urbano, este entendido como lugar do encontro, a simples troca de mercadorias e relações contratuais entre \"agentes\" sociais, ora personificados em capitalistas, ora, em proletários. Neste sentido, o espaço, de modo estratégico, é produzido como espetáculo, ideologia e meio de segregação, dentro dos limites de uma economia capitalista que se apresenta agora como crise do trabalho. Diante destas circunstâncias, as relações de produção não se efetivam totalmente e é cada vez maior uma crescente população de trabalhadores que não consegue vender sua força de trabalho, devido à redução de sua oferta no mercado, e que, por isso, não encontra lugar nesta economia. Através destas questões, buscou-se definir táticas de resistência de parte desta população, notadamente os sem-tetos, perante a revitalização do centro. Daí, o problema da habitação não se resumir às restrições físicas da residência, mas a luta pela cidade, a própria existência e o habitar. / This research tries to situate the production of the space in the context of the operation of reurbanization in the city of São Paulo, specifically, \"the revitalization of the center\". This abstractions are putting in the reality reducing the potentiality of the urban, this understand how a place of the meeting, the simple change of merchandises and contractual relations between social \"agents\", sometimes personified in capitalists, sometimes, in workers. In this way, the space, in a strategic way, is produced like spectacle, ideology and segregation way, inside the limits of a economy capitalist that show yourself like the worker\'s crises. In front of this circumstance, the production relationship don\'t be totally effective and each time a increasing population of workers that don\'t obtains sell his work?s strength, because of the reduction of his offer in the work\'s market, and them because of this, they don\'t find their place in the society. Among these questions, searches have been made to define tactics of resistance by part of the population, nominated the homeless, ahead the revitalization of downtown. So, the problem of habitation can\'t be resumed to the physical restriction of home, but the fight for the city, the own existence and the living.

Death is a drastic event in one’s life. Through grief, mourning and bereavement, people heal the hurt of their loss of a loved one. Little research exists on bereavement in Black transitional societies of South Africa. As such, the objective of this study was to explore how widows in South African transitional societies, whose husbands have died of terminal illnesses, experience bereavement, and how they cognitively process and cope with the loss. The Participants’ bereavement process was defined as starting when they become aware of their husbands’ anticipated death (anticipatory bereavement). Unstructured and structured interviews were conducted with 10 widows from the community under study and a thematic analysis was performed on the data. Five themes emerged concerning the Participants’ personal characteristics, their challenges and how they dealt with them, their experiences of stressors, and coping. Although the Participants responded to the news of the deaths of their husbands in a similar manner, there were differences in other responses, reflecting individual differences in coping strategies. Some Participants seemed more adaptive, with greater openness and flexibility in social cognition and greater problem-focused coping, while others showed more negative emotions in social interaction, greater loneliness, and expressed relatively closed and inflexible social cognition. However, positive or negative responses and coping did not necessarily determine whether bereavement would be functional or dysfunctional. It was found that the Participants’ anticipatory bereavement did not ease or shorten their sense or period of bereavement after their husband’s death. A model of the cognitive-affective-motivational-behavioural network of bereavement was developed, taking into account the role of culture and how each Participant’s cognition, affect, and the kind of attachment to their husbands motivated their behaviours in particular ways in coping effectively or ineffectively with their bereavement. / Thesis (DPhil)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Psychology / unrestricted

Dans une société urbaine en ébullition, la capitale normande forme un observatoire privilégié des jeux de pouvoirs et avec l’autorité centrale. Cette thèse interroge fondamentalement le rapport entre l’État et la province, alors que le royaume de France est en proie à la dernière grande révolte d’Ancien Régime. Ainsi, la Fronde bouleverse les équilibres et agit comme un révélateur de la tension quotidienne. Économie, religion, politique et culture citadine se conjuguent pour dévoiler une société du conflit. Rouen catalyse les rivalités qui se rencontrent et éclatent au grand jour au cœur du théâtre urbain. Deuxième ville du royaume de France, la cité normande intègre le monde qui y exporte ses tensions. Rouen est aussi et sûrement une ville en crise au milieu du XVIIe siècle, traversée par une conflictualité qui s’enchevêtre dans le carrefour urbain. / In an exciting society that has become mostly urban, taking a look at Rouen makes it possible to witness power relationships involving the central authority. This thesis looks at the relationship between the State and the regional areas at a time when the Kingdom of France is going through its last major revolt of the Ancien Régime. The Fronde shakes balances and reveals the daily tensions. Economy, religion, politics and urban culture come together and revel and conflictual society. Rouen exacerbates the rivalries at stake. Rouen at the time is the second biggest city of the Kingdom of France, it is a world city and exports its tensions. In the middle of the 17th Century Rouen is also without a doubt a city going through a crisis that is entangled in this urban hub.

This master thesis deals with the history of the Capuchin order in Czech-Moravian territory during 1618-1673. The Czech-Austrian Capuchin province was established in 1618 and in 1673 was divided into Czech and Austrian part which led to formation of two individual provinces of the Capuchin order. The first chapter of the master thesis introduces the review of existing literature that deals with this theme and the characterization of sources. This chapter is focused on narrative sources that are fundamental for this master thesis. In the second chapter, the Capuchin order is characterized (with the emphasis on the structure and formation) and its history, because this information explains the behaviour of Capuchins in the Czech-Moravian territory. We could not omit the Franciscan order and its history in this passage, because these also influenced the orientation and spirituality of the Capuchin order. The whole history of the Czech-Austrian Capuchin province is comprised in the third chapter. This period witnessed a significant progress in admission of new members of the Capuchin order. We are interested in the national origin of the members and their social stratification. Further, we deal with the impact of the Thirty Years War on the order in the specified region. The reasons of founding new...

The birth and the baptism of child were significant events in the life of people in all historical periods. This diploma thesis demonstrates meaning of the baptism rite and its reflection in the urban society in the Early Modern Age. In comparison to bachelor thesis was used more sources. The research of six families memoirs is supplied with analysis of parish register of Český Krumlov town from 1662 to 1666. Sources of religious area represents catholic, evangelical and Lutheral clerical works and especially polemics. Wider spectrum of sources made possible deeper sight at meaning of baptism and confrontation between religious order and everyday practice in baptism and godparenthood in towns in the 16. and 17. centuries.