A crescente demanda do mercado mundial em aumentar a produção agrícola e minimizar danos ambientais confere crescente relevância à agricultura de precisão, para a qual a Geoinformação é uma importante ferramenta. Diferentes dados provenientes de imagem de sensores orbitais e terrestres têm sido utilizados para o monitoramento agrícola em escalas local, regional e global. Neste contexto, e focalizando esta percepção à viticultura, o objetivo deste estudo é avaliar o comportamento espectral de diferentes cultivares de videiras ao longo do ciclo fenológico, dando suporte para realização da discriminação espectral das variedades e o mapeamento da variação espacial do vigor vegetativo dentro da parcela. Para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa proposta o trabalho foi dividido em duas etapas. A primeira investigação consistiu em um estudo realizado em vinhedos da região de Borgonha na França, onde foram estudadas as variedades de uva Chardonnay e Pinot Noir. O trabalho teve como pressuposto verificar se as categorias de qualidade que definem os vinhedos e são transmitidas a partir do solo ao vinho são igualmente transmitidas às folhas das videiras, e se estas podem ser detectadas na informação espectral de imagens de satélites ASTER. Os resultados obtidos mostraram ser possível esta discriminação e instigaram novos estudos mais detalhados que foram conduzidos em vinhedos da Vinícola Geisse, localizada na Serra Gaúcha, realizados a partir de dados de radiometria de campo e imagens orbitais. Novamente foram investigadas as variedades viníferas Chardonnay e Pinot Noir, monitoradas ao longo de duas safras. As medições de campo foram realizadas com um radiômetro FieldSpec Pro. Também foram usados dados orbitais provenientes do sensor WorldView-2. Dados de campo e orbitais apresentaram relações consistentes, e mostraram ser possível discriminar as variedades através de suas características espectrais. A alta relação sinal/ruído dos dados de campo permitiu detectar diferenças consistentes e sistemáticas nos comprimentos de onda do verde e vermelho, atribuídas à presença de pigmentos como as antocianinas. O monitoramento da dinâmica espectral do ciclo fenológico revelou feições espectrais consistentes nos comprimentos de onda do infravermelho atribuídas ao período de senescência da videira. A espacialização dos dados de vigor vegetativo, obtidos através de índices de vegetação (NDVI) permitiu a setorização de áreas com diferentes potenciais enológicos. / The growing demand of world markets to increase agricultural production and to minimize environmental impacts puts the Geoinformation as an important tool of precision agriculture. Several sets of data of images from orbital and ground sensors have been used for agricultural monitoring at local, regional and global scales. In this context, focusing this perception to viticulture, the aim of this study was to evaluate the spectral comportment of different grapevine cultivars along of phenological cycle, giving support to realization of spectral discrimination of varieties and the mapping of the spatial variation of vegetative vigor within the plot. For the development of this project, our research was divided into two stages. The first research consisted in a study of vineyards of the Burgundy region in France, where the studied grape varieties were Chardonnay and Pinot Noir. The work was to verify the assumption that the quality categories that define the vineyards and are transmitted from the soil to wine are also transmitted to the leaves of the vines, and these can be detected in the spectral information contained in ASTER satellite images. Results showed that this discrimination is indeed possible, and lead to the second part of the project, with new and more detailed studies, which were performed in the vineyards of Geisse Winery, located in the Serra Gaúcha region, Brazil, based on field radiometry and orbital images. The same grape varieties Chardonnay and Pinot Noir grapes were again investigated. Field measurements were performed with a radiometer FieldSpec Pro. The investigation was made on two vine plots, based on a selection of plants of the Chardonnay and Pinot Noir, which were monitored over two growing seasons. Orbital data were from the WorldView-2 sensor. Field and orbital data showed consistent relations and showed that it is possible to distinguish the varieties by their spectral characteristics. The high relation signal/noise of field data allowed detecting consistent and systematic spectral features at red and green wavelengths, thought to be linked to the presence of pigments such as anthocyanins. The monitoring of spectral dynamics during the phenological cycle revealed consistent spectral features in infrared wavelengths assigned to the vine senescence period. The spatial distribution of vegetative vigor data obtained from the vegetation index (NDVI) allowed the sectorization of areas with different enological potentials.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / O gergelim à a mais antiga oleaginosa conhecida. Possui grande importÃncia econÃmica pelo elevado teor de Ãleo nas suas sementes e por sua capacidade de expansÃo, visto sua adaptaÃÃo Ãs condiÃÃes edafoclimÃticas do semiÃrido brasileiro, o que a torna fonte de renda para os pequenos e mÃdios produtores. No entanto, para se ter uma boa produÃÃo à necessÃrio a utilizaÃÃo de sementes de alta qualidade. A qualidade fisiolÃgica de sementes pode ser influenciada por diversos fatores, entre eles se destaca a posiÃÃo do fruto na haste da planta no momento da colheita e as condiÃÃes de estresse hÃdrico durante a sua produÃÃo. Baseado no exposto objetivou-se com este trabalho, determinar os componentes de produÃÃo e avaliar a qualidade fisiolÃgica de sementes de gergelim em funÃÃo da posiÃÃo do fruto na haste de plantas provenientes da adubaÃÃo orgÃnica. TambÃm avaliou-se a qualidade de sementes oriundas de plantas que foram submetidas ao dÃficit hÃdrico em diferentes fases fenolÃgicas. No primeiro experimento foram utilizadas sementes de gergelim colhidas de plantas que foram submetidas ao dÃficit hÃdrico nas seguintes fases de desenvolvimento: fase 1 (germinaÃÃo ao inÃcio do crescimento vegetativo â T1); fase 2 (crescimento vegetativo atà a floraÃÃo â T2); fase 3 (floraÃÃo atà a formaÃÃo dos frutos â T3); fase 4 (maturaÃÃo dos frutos â T4); fase 5 (estresse em todas as fases â T5); e, Fase 6 (irrigaÃÃo plena â T6). As sementes provenientes de plantas submetidas ao dÃficit hÃdrico resultaram em menor qualidade fisiolÃgica. No segundo experimento foram utilizadas sementes oriundas de frutos colhidos de 3 posiÃÃes na haste da planta (terÃo inferior, mÃdio e superior) de acordo com sua coloraÃÃo, amarelado, verde amarelado e esverdeado, respectivamente. Adubadas com doses de esterco bovino (0, 20, 40 e 60 t.ha-1). A qualidade de sementes à reduzida quando colhidas de frutos com coloraÃÃo esverdeada (terÃo superior). A adubaÃÃo orgÃnica nÃo influenciou na qualidade das sementes. / Sesame is the oldest known oleaginous. It has great economic importance for the high oil content in its seeds and its expandability, since their adaptation to soil and climate conditions of Brazilian semiarid region, which becomes a source of income for small and medium producers. However, to get a good production the use of high quality seeds is necessary. The physiological seed quality can be influenced by several factors, among which stands out the position of the fruit on the plant stem at harvest and water stress during production. Based on the above objective of this study was to determine the production of components and evaluate the physiological quality of sesame seeds depending on the position of the fruit on the plant stem from organic fertilizer. Also evaluated the quality of seeds from plants that were subjected to water stress in different phenological phases. In the first experiment were used sesame seeds harvested from plants that were subjected to water deficit in the following stages of development: Phase 1 (germination to the early vegetative growth - T1); Phase 2 (vegetative growth to flowering - T2); Phase 3 (flowering to fruit formation - T3); Phase 4 (ripening of fruits - T4); Phase 5 (stress at all stages - T5); and Phase 6 (full irrigation - T6). The seeds from plants subjected to drought resulted in low vigor. In the second experiment were derived from fruit seeds used collected from three positions in the plant stem (third lower, middle and upper) according to their color, yellow, yellowish green and green, respectively. Fertilized with cattle manure rates (0, 20, 40 and 60 t ha-1). The quality of seeds is reduced when harvested fruit with green color (upper third). The organic fertilization did not influence the quality of seeds.

Submitted by Cibele Nogueira (cibelenogueira@ufgd.edu.br) on 2016-03-11T17:53:34Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) encrypted_HARTMANFILHO.pdf: 1300093 bytes, checksum: 3ccff16be2454529cca1d463cc4ddf40 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-11T17:53:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) encrypted_HARTMANFILHO.pdf: 1300093 bytes, checksum: 3ccff16be2454529cca1d463cc4ddf40 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-27 / This study was conducted in order to determine the immediate effect and Latent different drying air temperatures on the physiological quality and technology of soybean seeds produced in the second crop. Were used soybean cultivar SYN 1059 RR (V-TOP) harvested close to maturity physiological, with a water content of approximately 23% b.u .. After harvesting, the Seeds were subjected to different drying temperatures (40, 50, 60, 70 and 80 ° C) to a water content of approximately 12.5% ​​± 0.7 B.U., and stored in metal containers, either at room temperature for 180 days. Every 45 days Subsequent both the physiological quality and technology were evaluated, but by particular parameters. To evaluate the physiological quality were tests to establish the viability and vigor of the studied material, as the germination test; first count; seedling length; mass dry matter of seedlings; cold test modified; accelerated aging test; electrical conductivity test and tetrazolium test. Already, with regard to quality technology, were verified the loss of dry matter; parameters related to color seeds; crude protein and lipid content, and the acid values ​​and peroxide of crude oil extracted from the same. Based on these results, it can be concluded that: a) increasing the drying air temperature influence the physiological quality and technology of soybean seeds, this effect being enhanced with time storage; b) both the viability and vigor in all quality tests physiological used were tiny as the increase of both factors; c) combined effect of different drying air temperatures and times storage technology reduced the quality of seeds and crude oil from these; d) the dried soybeans at 40 ° C, of ​​all tested were the ones with the best immediate performance drying and during storage front of all tests used. / O presente trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de determinar o efeito imediato e latente de diferentes temperaturas do ar de secagem sobre a qualidade fisiológica e tecnológica de sementes de soja produzidas na segunda safra. Foram utilizadas sementes de soja da cultivar SYN 1059 RR (V-TOP), colhidas próximas à maturidade fisiológica, com teor de água de, aproximadamente, 23% b.u.. Após a colheita, as sementes foram submetidas a diferentes temperaturas de secagem (40, 50, 60, 70 e 80 °C) até um teor de água de, aproximadamente, 12,5 ± 0,7% b.u., e armazenadas em recipientes metálicos, em ambiente não controlado, durante 180 dias. A cada 45 dias subsequentes, tanto a qualidade fisiológica quanto a tecnológica eram avaliadas, porém por meio de parâmetros particulares. Para a avaliação da qualidade fisiológica foram realizados testes a fim de estabelecer a viabilidade e o vigor do material estudado, como: o teste de germinação; primeira contagem; comprimento de plântulas; massa da matéria seca de plântulas; teste de frio modificado; teste de envelhecimento acelerado; teste de condutividade elétrica e o teste de tetrazólio. Já, com relação à qualidade tecnológica, foram verificados a perda de matéria seca; parâmetros relacionados a cor das sementes; os teores de proteína bruta e de lipídios e, o índices de acidez e peróxido do óleo bruto extraído das mesmas. Com base nos resultados obtidos, pôde-se concluir que: a) o aumento da temperatura do ar de secagem influenciou a qualidade fisiológica e tecnológica das sementes de soja, sendo este efeito potencializado com o tempo de armazenamento; b) tanto a viabilidade como o vigor, em todos os testes de qualidade fisiológica utilizados, foram diminutos conforme o incremento de ambos fatores; c) o efeito combinado de diferentes temperaturas do ar de secagem e tempos de armazenamento reduziu a qualidade tecnológica das sementes e do óleo bruto proveniente dessas; d) as sementes de soja secas a 40 °C, dentre todas as testadas, foram as que apresentaram o melhor desempenho de imediato à secagem e durante o armazenamento frente a todos testes utilizados.

Submitted by Helena Bejio (helena.bejio@unioeste.br) on 2018-07-26T21:54:05Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Patrícia_Gibbert_2018.pdf: 1159856 bytes, checksum: 212df2d02ca723ced9895235c4e8a648 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-26T21:54:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Patrícia_Gibbert_2018.pdf: 1159856 bytes, checksum: 212df2d02ca723ced9895235c4e8a648 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-05-02 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The irregular production of native tree seeds, makes it important to the conservation of the genetic material available. Myrcianthes pungens has recalcitrant seeds, then the challenge is to preserve the physiological potential by ex-situ methods. It is known that the reduction of respiratory efficiency is a good indicator of the beginning of seed deterioration. The determination of dehydrogenases activity (tetrazolium test (ZT) and measurement of respiratory activity (MRA)) may assist in defining the adequate conditions to maintain the longevity of seeds. The aim was to standardize the ZT methodology. Additionally, the physiological and biochemical behavior of guabiju seeds stored in different packages for up to 10 months was studied. Seeds were collected in Toledo (M1), Pato Bragado (M2) and Marechal Cândido Rondon (M3). The water content (WC) was determined. For ZT standardization, seed preparation and pre-conditioning were tested. The temperatures of 30 and 40 °C and concentrations of 0,50, 0,75, 1,00, 1,25 and 1,50% of tetrazolium salt were tested for 24 hours. In addition, the germination test (GT) was performed. For storage, the seeds were initially evaluated by WC, GT and emergency test (ET). Seeds were stored in cold and dry chamber in plastic, glass and paper containers at initial WC for zero, two, four, six, eight and ten months. For each storage period, the WC, GT, ZT and MRA were carried out. A completely randomized design and non-parametric Friedman analysis were used. Freshly harvested seeds had 39,4, 40,4 and 39,3% WC for M1, M2 and M3. Seeds without imbibition and with tegument did not color, with cut, colored excessively. The percentages of ZT were similar to those of GT. Initially germination was 92, 86 and 85% and emergence 82, 84 and 53% for M1, M2 and M3 respectively. During storage WC kept for seeds stored in glass and plastic and decreased for paper. Germination for seeds stored in the plastic remained high up to ten months. For glass and paper only up to two months. The percentage of dead and non-germinated but viable seeds, speed index and mean germination time, seedling dry mass and mass decreased according to GT for glass and paper and varied for plastic. The ZT indicated viability up to ten, two and four months for plastic, glass and paper respectively. The MRA for paper increased, for glass decreased and for plastic remained with slight variations. The ZT must be performed with preconditioning of the seeds without integument for 24 hours followed by soaking in 0,75% solution of tetrazolium for 24 hours at 30 °C. The plastic was the best storage packaging of the guabiju seeds, maintaining the viability and vigor of the seeds for the period of 10 months. The other packages, maintaining the viability and vigor for only 2 months, and are not recommended for the species. / A produção irregular de sementes arbóreas nativas, torna importante a conservação do material genético disponível. Myrcianthes pungens (guabiju) possui sementes recalcitrantes, logo o desafio é preservar o potencial fisiológico destas por métodos ex-situ. Sabe-se que a redução da eficiência respiratória é um bom indicador do início da deterioração de sementes. A determinação da atividade das desidrogenases (teste de tetrazólio (TZ) e mensuração da atividade respiratória (MAR)) poderão auxiliar na definição das condições adequadas para manter a longevidade das sementes. Objetivou-se padronizar a metodologia do TZ. Adicionalmente, estudou-se o comportamento fisiológico e bioquímico de sementes de guabiju armazenadas em diferentes embalagens por até 10 meses. Coletou-se sementes em Toledo (M1), Pato Bragado (M2) e Marechal Cândido Rondon (M3). Determinou-se o teor de água (TA). Para padronização do TZ, testou-se preparo e pré-condicionamento das sementes. Testouse as temperaturas de 30 e 40 °C e concentrações de 0,50, 0,75, 1,00, 1,25 e 1,50% de sal de tetrazólio por 24 horas. Adicionalmente realizou-se o teste de germinação (TG). Para o armazenamento, avaliou-se inicialmente as sementes pelo TA, TG e teste de emergência (TE). Armazenou-se sementes em câmara fria e seca em embalagens de plástico, vidro e papel com TA inicial por zero, dois, quatro, seis, oito e dez meses. Para cada período de armazenamento realizou-se o TA, TG, TZ e MAR. Utilizou-se delineamento inteiramente casualizado e análise não paramétrica de Friedman. Sementes recém colhidas apresentaram 39,4, 40,4 e 39,3% de TA para M1, M2 e M3. Sementes sem embebição e com tegumento não coloriram, as com corte, coloriram excessivamente. As porcentagens de TZ foram similares as do TG. Inicialmente a germinação foi de 92, 86 e 85% e a emergência 82, 84 e 53% para M1, M2 e M3 respectivamente. Durante o armazenamento o TA manteve-se para as sementes armazenadas no vidro e plástico e diminuiu para o papel. A germinação para sementes armazenadas no plástico permaneceu elevada até os dez meses. Para vidro e papel apenas até os dois meses. A porcentagem de sementes mortas e não germinadas, porém viáveis, índice de velocidade e tempo médio de germinação, comprimento e massa de matéria seca de plântulas diminuíram de acordo com o TG para vidro e papel e variaram para plástico. O TZ apontou viabilidade até os dez, dois e quatro meses para plástico, vidro e papel respectivamente. A MAR para papel aumentou, para vidro diminuiu e para plástico manteve-se com pequenas variações. Deve-se realizar o TZ com pré-condicionamento das sementes sem tegumento por 24 horas seguido de embebição em solução de tetrazólio 0,75% por 24 horas a 30 °C. O plástico foi a melhor embalagem de armazenamento das sementes de guabiju, mantendo a viabilidade e vigor das mesmas pelo período de 10 meses. As demais embalagens, mantiveram a viabilidade e vigor por apenas 2 meses, não sendo recomendada para a espécie.

EICHLEROVÁ, J. Factors affecting vigor and burnout syndrom of volunteers in the organization LATA. Prague: Charles university in Prague, fakulty of arts, 2017. 101 s. Dissertation. Burnout syndrome is a condition of emotional exhaustion. Its prevention is very essential for both overall health and effective performance at work. The theoretical part is primarily divided into two parts. In the first I deal with burnout syndrome - its definition, causes, symptoms, stages, risk factors, protective factors and neutral factors and prevention of this phenomenon. The following section is devoted to opposites of burnout syndrome most of which deal with Vigor (enthusiasm) according to Shirom. The next two chapters are explaining research methods to measure burnout and enthusiasm with which I operate in the empirical part of the work. The research methods I use are MBI and SMVM questionnaires. Then I describe work of the LATA organization which became the source of my research. I worked only with volunteers of this organization where I also previously worked as a volunteer. Empirical part then examines the burnout syndrome rate and enthusiasm rate of volunteers from the organization LATA. Data from the questionnaires allow us to select a group of ten volunteers, which have been shown the highest rate of...

Police have been the subject of increased scrutiny over the past several years, and there exists a contention that this increased scrutiny impacted officer behavior, resulting in diminished proactive policing as officers may be performing their duties less vigorously. The study examines the effect that changes in scrutiny, as measured in terms of public interest and local news coverage, had upon police officer vigor, as measured by monthly counts of pedestrian and vehicle stops. This research is unique in that it examines the effects of scrutiny emanating from local incidents separately from that related to high profile incidents that received considerable nationwide interest; the extant research is currently limited to the latter. A series of fixed-effects negative binomial regression models examine the impact of scrutiny upon vigor over time throughout all neighborhoods in the city of Philadelphia. The study finds that local and national scrutiny do not have the same impact upon officer vigor, as scrutiny emanating from national incidents generally results in increases in officer vigor, while scrutiny emanating from local incidents results in an increase in ped stops in the first month following the scrutiny, and then a subsequent decrease in both forms of vigor in the second month. This study of police officer decision-making across space and time has both theoretical and practical implications. / Criminal Justice

Complete vineyard floor cover cropping and root pruning (RP) were evaluated for their ability to regulate excessive vegetative growth and improve berry and wine composition of ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ (Vitis vinifera L.). Treatments were: tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Shreb.) ‘KY-31’ and ‘Elite II’, hard fescue (Festuca ovina L.) ‘Aurora Gold’, perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), and an under-trellis herbicide strip combined with KY-31fescue interrows. Compared to herbicide strip/non-root pruned (NRP), Elite II fescue reduced vine pruning weight (kg/vine) 28%, individual cane weight (g) 20%, and canopy leaf layer number 25%. KY-31 fescue/RP lowered vine pruning weights 29% compared to an 8% reduction in pruning weights of vines grown in herbicide strip/NRP plots from 2005 to 2010. KY-31 fescue produced the greatest biomass and stand density. With the exception of a yield reduction in vines grown with KY-31 fescue in 2006, cover crops minimally decreased grape yield. Yearly climatic variation had a greater effect on berry weight and composition (pH, TSS, TA) than did treatments. Limited treatment differences detected in chemical compounds by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis in wines made from treatment vines in 2010 were correlated to descriptive sensory terms. Cover crop water use, as evapotranspiration, determined by mini-lysimeter (ML), ranged from 3.28 mm/d for KY-31 fescue to 1.52 mm/d for herbicide-treated plots. In 2008, root biomass of vines grown on KY-31 fescue/RP was increased at the 60 to 80 and 80 to 100 cm soil depths compared to root biomass of KY-31 fescue/NRP vines at those depths. Cover crops minimally impacted vine water potential (ΨPD, Ψmd, Ψstem) and grapevine nitrogen levels relative to the herbicide strip, indicating that the grasses were not overly competitive with grapevines. Root pruning and complete vineyard floor cover crops favorably reduced grapevine vegetative growth, although treatment effects diminished over time, possibly in response to redistribution of grapevines’ roots and climatic variation at the site. / Ph. D.

A commercial solid matric priming method and an osmotic priming method were used to measure seed priming responses of birdsfoot trefoil, kura clover, and sericea lespedeza. Differences were not observed using standard germination tests, but both priming methods show potential for increased germination rate (P>0.05). Conflicting results for matric and osmotic priming were found in terms of seed storage potential after priming, with matric primed seeds showing higher (P<0.05) germination after accelerated aging and osmotic primed seeds showing significant lower germination(P<0.01). Birdsfoot trefoil benefited from priming, but responses varied by priming treatment, while kura clover showed less response to both priming treatments. In a field study comparing matric primed vs. unprimed seedling emergence, matric priming effects were small and these data suggest that solid matrix priming may be unlikely to improve the field establishment of either species. Aqueous smoke solutions were also tested for effect on seed germination. Differences in final germination percent due to solution type (after exposure to liquid smoke solutions for 10- or 45-min) were not observed. Highest concentration of the 10-min solution treatment reduced (P<0.05) birdsfoot trefoil germination. Greater germination was observed only for 'Perfect Fit' kura clover treated with low or intermediate concentrations of either solution. High concentrations of 10-min smoke water increased time to 50% germination (T50) for all seeds, but some reduction in T50 occurred for kura clovers treated with low (5%) solution concentrations. The 45-min treatments had little effect on germination rates. Applying aqueous smoke solution to seeds at germination did not improve germination responses of these forage legume species. / Master of Science

As sementes de amendoim são consideradas de difícil produção, pois apresentam, freqüentemente, índices insatisfatórios de germinação e de vigor devido a muitos fatores, dentre eles, problemas devido à ocorrência de fungos, além de serem muito suscetíveis a injúrias mecânicas. Nesse aspecto além da utilização de testes rotineiros para a avaliação da qualidade das sementes, a utilização de técnicas de análise de imagens, tais como, o teste de raios X tem grande potencial, pois é um método de precisão, onde as sementes podem ser examinadas individualmente em imagens ampliadas e capazes de indicar, com detalhes, áreas injuriadas, localização e extensão das injúrias. Por se tratar de método não destrutivo, as sementes em análise podem ser submetidas a testes fisiológicos e de sanidade e, desta forma, permitir a comprovação das injúrias observadas. Assim, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar os efeitos do tratamento de sementes de amendoim com fungicida e inseticida, bem como a associação de ambos, na qualidade fisiológica e sanitária das sementes, com o auxílio da referida técnica. Para tanto, sementes dos cultivares Tatu ST e IAC 886 não tratadas e tratadas com o fungicida Maxim XL (Fludioxonil + Metalaxyl), com o inseticida Cruiser 350 FS (Tiametoxam) e com a mistura de ambos os produtos, foram submetidas aos períodos de armazenamento de 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 e 180 dias. Após cada período de armazenamento, as sementes foram submetidas ao teste raios X, bem como ao teste de germinação, à determinação do grau de umidade e aos testes de envelhecimento acelerado, emergência de plântulas em campo, condutividade elétrica, e de sanidade. O experimento foi conduzido em dois anos, utilizando-se para a primeira época sementes do cultivar Tatu ST e na segunda época o cultivar IAC 886. Também, com o propósito de explorar o grande potencial das técnicas de análise de imagens para a avaliação do vigor, as sementes do cultivar IAC 886, utilizadas para a condução do segundo ano do experimento, foram submetidas, paralelamente, ao teste de avaliação do vigor por meio de análise computadorizada de plântulas, utilizando-se, para tanto, o sistema automatizado SVIS®. Os resultados da pesquisa permitiram concluir que o tratamento das sementes de amendoim com fungicida ou fungicida+inseticida propicia eficiente controle de fungos e preservação da qualidade fisiológica até 60 dias de armazenamento (20 °C, 50% UR do ar). O teste de raios X é eficiente na identificação de injúrias mecânicas e lesões associadas com tecidos deteriorados, permitindo estabelecer relações entre sua ocorrência e os prejuízos causados à germinação. O sistema automatizado apresenta eficiência equivalente aos testes de envelhecimento acelerado e de emergência de plântulas em campo na identificação de diferenças entre tratamentos com ausência ou presença de fungicida e de fungicida associado a inseticida nas sementes de amendoim. / Peanut seeds are considered difficult to produce, since they have often unsatisfactory levels of germination and vigor due to many factors, including problems due to the occurrence of fungi, and are very susceptible to mechanical damage. In this aspect than the use of routine tests for evaluation of seed quality, the use of image analysis techniques, such as the X-ray test has great potential, because, it is a precision method, where the seeds can be examined individually in enlarged images and able to indicate, in detail, areas injured, location and extent of the injuries. Because it is non-destructive method, the seeds being analyzed can be subjected to physiological tests and thus allow the confirmation of the observed damage. The objective of this work was to study the effects of peanut seed treatment with fungicide and insecticide, as well as the combination of both, in the physiological and sanitary quality of seeds, with the aid of this technique. For this, seeds of the cultivars IAC Tatu ST and IAC 886 untreated and treated with fungicide Maxim XL (fludioxonil + metalaxyl) with the insecticide Cruiser 350 FS (thiamethoxam) and a mixture of both products were subjected to periods of storage 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 180 days. After each storage period, seeds were tested with X-rays, and the germination test, determination of moisture content and accelerated aging, seedling emergence in the field, electrical conductivity, and health test. The experiment was conducted in two years, using for the first year the seeds of cultivar Tatu ST and the second year the IAC 886. Also, in order to exploit the great potential of image analysis techniques, the seeds of the cultivar IAC 886, used for conducted the second year of the experiment, were subjected in parallel to the test of vigor by means of computerized analysis of seedlings, using, the automated system SVIS ®. The survey results showed that treatment of peanut seeds with fungicide or fungicide + insecticide provides effective control of fungi and preservation of the physiological quality up to 60 days of storage (20 ° C, 50% RH). The X-ray test is effective in identifying the mechanical injuries and lesions associated with damaged tissue, allowing to establish relationships between their occurrence and damage caused to germination. The computer analysis system has efficiency equivalent to accelerated aging and growth test to identify differences between treatments with the absence or presence of fungicide and fungicide associated with insecticide in peanut seeds.

Produtores de pêssegos e nectarinas utilizam mudas cujos porta-enxertos são provenientes de sementes, gerando desuniformidade entre as plantas e nenhum aproveitamento das vantagens trazidas por porta-enxertos clonais, de aspectos genéticos conhecidos. O presente estudo objetivou avaliar o desempenho inicial de nectarineiras Sunraycer de 1-2 anos de idade autoenraizadas e sobre treze porta-enxertos clonais nas condições edafoclimáticas de Piracicaba, SP, durante os anos de 2015 e 2016. No primeiro capítulo dessa dissertação, apresentaram-se os resultados relacionados à ocorrência das fases de florescimento, brotação e colheita, volume de copa, massa de ramos retirada nas podas, massa de fruto, número de frutos e produção por planta, eficiência produtiva, produtividade e diâmetro transversal dos frutos. O intervalo entre o final do florescimento e o fim da colheita foi de 78 dias para a copa de \'Sunraycer\' sobre os porta-enxertos \'G x N.9\' e \'Santa Rosa\' e de 64 dias sobre \'Ishtara\', períodos menores que os relacionados aos demais materiais genéticos. \'Flordaguard\' e \'Ishtara\' induziram maior e menor vigor à copa de \'Sunraycer\', respectivamente, enquanto a maior produção ocorreu sobre o porta-enxerto \'Flordaguard\'. A copa de \'Sunraycer\' é influenciada negativamente pelo porta-enxerto \'Cadaman\' quanto a variáveis de produção. Frutos de maior massa são obtidos em plantas de \'Sunraycer\' autoenraizadas. O tradicional \'Okinawa\' não se destaca como porta-enxerto para \'Sunraycer\'. É possível colher nectarinas \'Sunraycer\' entre 03/10 e 18/10 em Piracicaba, SP, período este de pouca oferta. No segundo capítulo, objetivou-se determinar os teores de macro e micronutrientes (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn e B) presentes em folhas de nectarineiras Sunraycer, treze semanas após o florescimento, visando a avaliar, interpretar e determinar o estado nutricional das mesmas, identificando possíveis materiais genéticos mais eficientes em absorver/translocar tais elementos. Observa-se distinta composição nutricional das folhas de \'Sunraycer\' em plantas autoenraizadas e sobre porta-enxertos clonais. \'Ishtara\', \'Tsukuba-3\', \'Barrier\' e \'Flordaguard\' são porta-enxertos eficientes na absorção da maioria dos nutrientes sob nectarineiras Sunraycer. Mais casos de deficiência nutricional são observados em plantas de \'Sunraycer\' sobre o porta-enxerto \'Santa Rosa\', para nitrogênio, potássio, cálcio, enxofre, ferro e zinco. / Peach and nectarine producers employ scions grafted in seedling rootstocks, resulting in unevenness between plants and disregarding advantages brought by clonal rootstocks, with known genetic aspects. The present study aimed to evaluate the initial performance of 1-2-year-old Sunraycer nectarine trees on their own roots and grafted on thirteen clonal rootstocks in the edaphoclimatic conditions of Piracicaba city, São Paulo State, Brazil, in the years of 2015 and 2016. Results related to the occurrence of flowering, budding and harvest phases, the canopy volume, pruning fresh weight, fruit mass, number of fruits and production per plant, productive efficiency, yield and fruit transverse diameter are presented in the first chapter of this dissertation. The interval between the end of flowering and the end of the harvest period was 78 days to \'Sunraycer\' grafted onto \'G x N.9\' and \'Santa Rosa\' rootstocks and 64 days to this scion onto \'Ishtara\', shorter periods than those related to other rootstocks. \'Flordaguard\' and \'Ishtara\' induced higher and lower vigor to \'Sunraycer\', respectively, whereas \'Flordaguard\' enabled greater production to \'Sunraycer\'. The \'Sunraycer\' scion is negatively influenced by \'Cadaman\' rootstock in terms of production variables. Heavier fruits are provided by self-rooted plants. The traditional \'Okinawa\' does not stand out as a rootstock for \'Sunraycer\'. It is possible to harvest \'Sunraycer\' nectarines between 03/10 and 18/10 in Piracicaba, SP, which is a period of low supply. In the second chapter, the objective was to determine the foliar levels of macro and micronutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn and B) in Sunraycer nectarine trees, thirteen weeks after flowering to evaluate, interpret and determine their nutritional status, identifying some possible more efficient genetic materials in absorbing / translocating such elements. It was verified that clonal rootstocks and self-rooted plants provide a distinct nutritional composition to \'Sunraycer\' leaves. \'Ishtara\', \'Tsukuba-3\', \'Barrier\' and \'Flordaguard\' are efficient rootstocks to the absorption of most of the nutrients under Sunraycer nectarine trees. \'Santa Rosa\' allows more nutritional deficiencies to \'Sunraycer\' plants, as of nitrogen, potassium, calcium, sulfur, iron and zinc.