Thesis advisor: Noah P. Snyder / Dam removal is a widely used river restoration technique. Historically, dams produced hydropower, controlled flooding, and provided water storage, but currently many dams in the United States, specifically low head dams in New England, are obsolete. This study aims to assess the ability of a simple morphodynamic sediment transport model, Dam Removal Express Assessment Model (DREAM-1), developed by Cui et al. (2006a). I compare simulations to a dam removal monitoring project that quantified the physical response of the Souhegan River to the removal of the Merrimack Village Dam (MVD), Merrimack, NH. Pearson et al. (2011) reported results of field monitoring from August 2007-May 2010 and found that the Souhegan River responded to dam removal in two phases: initial rapid incision of impoundment sediment induced by immediate base level drop of 3.9 m (~50% of impounded sediment eroded in ~2 months), followed by an event-driven phase in which impoundment sediment eroded primarily during floods. The reach downstream of the dam showed a similar two-phase response, with rapid deposition in the first three weeks after dam removal followed by bed degradation to the pre-removal elevation profile within a year. I have continued the field methods of Pearson et al. (2011) for the past two survey periods, June 2011 and July 2012. Using five years of comprehensive field data, I conduct a hindcast to compare the sediment erosion and deposition patterns predicted by DREAM-1 to the observed downstream response of the Souhegan River. I model the changes in bed elevation for the downstream and upstream channel reaches at intervals that correspond with the dates of four longitudinal profile surveys and seven annual cross-section surveys. Results of the hindcast show that DREAM-1 predicts channel elevation accurately within one meter and with average discrepancy of ±0.35 m when compared to average channel bed elevations of each cross-section. DREAM-1 successfully simulates two phases of upstream channel response, rapid impoundment erosion followed by a longer period of gradual sedimentation change. However, DREAM-1 erodes to base elevation within 11 weeks after dam removal (erosion of the 88% impoundment sand), leaving little sand for transport during the later survey periods. This overestimation of impoundment erosion is likely the product of limitations of the model, specifically the simplification of channel cross-sections with constant width throughout the simulation. The model assumes uniform lateral sediment transport in the impoundment and does not capture the variation in width due to incision and channel widening. This hinders the ability of the model to simulate some details of the sediment budget developed by Pearson et al. (2011) and extended with recent surveys. / Thesis (MS) — Boston College, 2013. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Earth and Environmental Sciences.

A travers une monographie de tribu, on analyse le fait tribal en Kabylie, les réappropriations dont il est l’objet et leur articulation avec l’affirmation identitaire berbère marquant aujourd’hui cette région d’Algérie. Après des réflexions sur les notions de tribu, construction identitaire et monographie, sont exposés les résultats d’une enquête sur les At Zemmenzer, une tribu du Djurdjura. La reconstruction historique des éléments la caractérisant au XIXème s. ainsi que de leurs transformations au XXème s. montre qu’elle a connu une déstructuration limitée avec un territoire peu bouleversé par les découpages administratifs et le maintien d’une pratique et d’une représentation de ce territoire comme espace de relations privilégiées. Les assemblées villageoises se sont maintenues et ont composé avec les administrations officielles. Ces institutions, prééminentes au niveau du village, connaissent une rénovation à partir de 1980. Les transformations de la composition, du fonctionnement et des prérogatives des assemblées, devenues « comités de village », montrent des éléments de continuité / adaptation, parfois de rupture. De plus, à travers de nouvelles organisations, les arch, les At Zemmenzer mobilisent les modalités de représentations intervillageoises de la société tribale. Cette rénovation est liée à l’influence d’acteurs et d’associations portant l’affirmation identitaire berbère. Ces dernières, apparues après 1990, en lien avec les comités, procèdent à un travail de reconstruction identitaire qui prend des formes diverses entre folklorisation et réinvestissements. Un rapport nouveau apparaît aux éléments constitutifs de la culture devenant des symboles identitaires. / Through a tribe monograph, the present work analyzes the tribal system in Kabylia, the reappropriations to which it is subjected and their link with the assertion of Berber identity now marking this region of Algeria. After reflecting on the notions of tribe, identity construction and monograph, we expound the results of research carried out amongst the At Zemmenzer, a tribe from Djurdjura. The historical reconstruction of the elements qualifying this tribe in the 19th c., as well as their transformations throughout the 20th c., shows that it experienced a limited dismantling with a territory little disrupted by the administrative division and with the upholding of a practice and representation of this territory as an area of privileged relationships. The village assemblies kept on and dealt with the official administrations. These institutions, preeminent at the village level, experienced a renovation starting 1980. The transformations of the make-up, functioning and rights of the assemblies, having now become “village committees”, show elements of continuity and sometimes disruption. Moreover, through new organizations called the arch, the At Zemmenzer mobilize the arrangements for intervillage representations among the tribal society. This renovation is linked to the influence of players and associations carrying the assertion of Berber identity. In conjunction with the committees, the associations, which came into being after 1990, take actively part in the reconstruction of an identity embodying diverse forms from folklorization to revitalization. A new connection to the elements constituting culture comes into existence, making them become identity symbols.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:21:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cristine Muller.pdf: 637454 bytes, checksum: 9a9bec45b6ff0faa1750c2ceb56a0e80 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-06-09 / The industrial revolution constitutes the beginning of a historical phenomenon that marked profoundly a great part of humanity as well as other forms of life existing in our planet, and that last until our days. The material traces of these profound changes present a universal human value and the importance of its study and of its conservation need to be recognized. The preservation of the railroad villages shall be motivated by the fact that in these goods a cultural signification is recognized, its aesthetic and/ or historical value, also we can?t despise the symbolic, emotional, afective value, turning them worthy of measures to be tutorshiped for the coming generations. Still, the worries in preserving the railroad villages as historical heritage can be enhanced by the inventory processes, taking in account not only its historical and architectonic value, but also the urban action that turns possible the maintainance of the current residents in the residential complexes. Inside this context, an example is the Companhia Paulista de Estradas de Ferro oppened in Campinas, S?o Paulo state, Brazil, on August, 11, 1872. The purpose was to build a railroad between the cities of S?o Paulo and Campinas. The company built throughout its existence a total of 1,612 houses along its tracks and main railroad junctions. Among the railroad villages built by the Companhia Paulista in Campinas, there is the village existing in the Ponte Preta district. During the last 80 years, the dwellings suffered countless interventions on the side of its residents, adapting them to several tastes and needs. The houses were steadily modified, with the substitution of several constructive components and even with the increase of the built area. In this thesis, we tried to know the changes that occurred in the Village. Still, in the initial phase of the research we noticed the deterioration of the houses, even with life risk of their residents. Thus, given the importance of the preservation of this railroad heritage through an inventory process and the imediate finantial getting for the restauration of the houses, with the aim that the residents may have conditions to continue to live in a safe manner, we applied for the openning of study of an inventory process of the railroad village Ponte Preta being the petition accepted by the Conselho de Defesa do Patrim?nio Art?stico e Cultural de Campinas (Condepacc). The investigations and results constitute the body of the present thesis/dissertation. / A Revolu??o Industrial constituiu o inicio de um fen?meno hist?rico que marcou profundamente uma grande parte da Humanidade, assim como todas as outras formas de vidas existente no nosso planeta e que se prolonga at? anos nossos dias. Os vest?gios materiais destas mudan?as profundas apresentam um valor humano universal e a import?ncia do seu estudo e da sua conserva??o deve ser reconhecida. A preserva??o das vilas ferrovi?rias deve ser motivada pelo fato de, nesses bens, ser reconhecido um significado cultural, seu valor est?tico e /ou hist?rico - n?o se podendo desprezar os valores simb?licos, emocionais, afetivos o que os torna dignos de medidas a fim de que sejam tutelados para as pr?ximas gera??es. Ainda, pode ser destacada a preocupa??o em preservar as vilas ferrovi?rias como patrim?nio hist?rico atrav?s dos processos de tombamentos, considerando n?o apenas seu valor hist?rico arquitet?nico mas tamb?m a a??o urbana que possibilita a manuten??o dos atuais moradores nos conjuntos residenciais. Um exemplo ? a Companhia Paulista de Estradas de Ferro inaugurada em Campinas em 11 de agosto de 1872. O objetivo era construir uma estrada de ferro entre as cidades de S?o Paulo e Campinas, A Companhia em quest?o, construiu durante sua exist?ncia um total de 1.612 casas ao longo de suas linhas e principais entroncamentos ferrovi?rios. Dentre as vilas ferrovi?rias constru?das pela Companhia Paulista em Campinas, h? a Vila localizada no bairro Ponte Preta. Ao longo dos ?ltimos 80 anos, suas resid?ncias sofreram in?meras interven??es por parte de seus moradores, adaptando-as a diversos gostos e necessidades. As casas foram sendo paulatinamente modificadas, com a substitui??o de diversos componentes construtivos e mesmo com o acr?scimo de ?rea constru?da. Dentro desse contexto, procuramos, conhecer as modifica??es ocorridas na Vila. Ainda na fase inicial das pesquisas constatamos a deteriora??o das casas da referida Vila com risco de vida para seus residentes. Assim, dada a import?ncia da preserva??o deste importante patrim?nio ferrovi?rio atrav?s do tombamento e a imediata busca por financiamento para a restaura??o das casas, a fim de que os moradores tenham condi??es de continuarem residindo de forma segura, solicitamos a abertura de estudo de tombamento da Vila Ferrovi?ria Ponte Preta tendo sido a peti??o aceita junto ao Conselho de Defesa do Patrim?nio Art?stico e Cultural de Campinas (Condepacc). As investiga??es e os resultados constituem o escopo da presente tese/disserta??o.

Este trabalho visa fornecer um panorama de diferentes visões sobre a Vila Maria Zélia, localizada em São Paulo, importante vila operária do início do século XX, considerada um marco no binômio indústria ? operário paulistas da época. Tida como exemplo de instituição não somente no Brasil, mas em algumas partes do mundo. Foi idealizada por Jorge Street , visto de diversas maneiras, que vão da crítica ao elogio. Procuraremos fazer uma explanação sobre as diversas visões dessa vila operária, passando pela ótica da imprensa, do poder público, da medicina e de uma de suas moradoras / This job must provide a view of different visions about Vila Maria Zélia located in São Paulo, of the XX century beginning, which is very considerated in the São Paulo ´s worker industry by the time. Like a model of institution not only in Brazil but in some parts of the world it was idealized for the founder Jorge Street and it has been seen for different ways from bad to good. We will look forward to explain of the different visions of this worker´s village going through the press untill the government power from medical and one person who lives in there

Esta pesquisa é o resultado das observações de caráter etnográfico sobre um recorte proposto para um quadro específico de circulação migratória transnacional. A partir da abordagem de um caso específico, a emigração é tomada de diversas escalas de análise, mas com ênfase sobre os modos pelos quais ela é produzida e significada na esfera lo-cal. O quadro enfocado remete aos movimentos sazonais de afastamento e retorno dos emigrantes da aldeia de Vilas Boas, no interior nordeste de Portugal. Procurei seguir os agentes pelos seus deslocamentos entre o contexto de partida e os contextos de destino para os quais rumaram, sem por isso perder de vista a aldeia como foco de seu interesse e da participação social. A maior parte do trabalho de campo, no entanto, se deu no con-texto de retorno massivo dos emigrantes para a aldeia para a ocasião de celebração da festa religiosa local. Nesse contexto são observadas as diferentes maneiras pelas quais as o contingente emigrante se relaciona com o grupo que reside na aldeia, bem como os modos pelos quais constroem sua participação na festa e na vida social local. Trata-se, portanto, de uma reflexão sobre práticas que sustentam transnacionalmente relações sociais e as atualizam no reencontro ocasionado pelo retorno. / This research is the result of ethnographic observations about a proposed cut to a partic-ular frame of transnational migratory movement. From the approach of a specific case, emigration is taken from different scales of analysis, but with emphasis on the ways in which it is produced and meant at the local level. The frame refers to the seasonal movements focused on departure and return of emigrants from the village of Vilas Bo-as, northeast of Portugal. I seek to follow the agents for their displacements between the context of departure and destination contexts for which they headed, without losing the perspective of the village as the focus of interest in social participation of agents. Most of the field work, however, occurred in the context of massive return of migrants to the village for the celebration of a religious festival site. In this context are observed the different ways in which the emigrant group relates to the people residing in the village as well as the ways in which their participation in making the party and the local social life. It is, therefore, a reflection on practices that sustain social relations transnationally and update the reunion caused by return.

No description available.

In much of the developing world, the community is the arena of social interaction. Heterogeneity at this local level, combined with a weak state and economic underdevelopment, has been found to make communities particularly receptive to conflict. We know little about cooperation between members of different groups in such communities, and we know even less about the influence of actors, such as the village chief and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), that substitute for the state at this level. What role do the village chief and NGOs play in governing communities characterized by the influx of migrants? Do NGOs strengthen cleavages in heterogeneous societies? What is the role of the village elite in managing cooperation within a village? And which tools should researchers use to understand behavior at this local level? To answer these questions, this dissertation collected original data in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and Sierra Leone. Specifically, this project builds on carefully designed lab-in-the-field and field experiments, as well as original survey and ethnographic data, to explore the political economy of heterogeneous communities. The first essay shows how local institutions in the DRC are resilient to outside intervention. Importantly, I find causal evidence that local institutions, not NGOs, are key in sustaining high levels of intra-village cooperation in the presence of migrants. The second essay shows that NGOs in the same context influence how individuals relate to their social categories. I find that NGO activity can strengthen social categories that relate to access to development resources at the cost of those that benefit local cohesion. The final essay explores discriminatory behavior based on social status in rural Sierra Leone. I find that classic experiments may be insufficient in understanding behavior at the local level. In summary, this dissertation emphasizes the importance of research tools designed to measure local behavior, and challenges the basis for current international interventions by showing the positive role of the village chief and by providing micro-level evidence for the possible harmful role that NGOs can play in heterogeneous communities.

Sabe-se que as comunidades tradicionais lutam por viver em terras que compreendam as características do seu território original. Tais comunidades são consideradas profundas conhecedoras de estratégias de sustentabilidade dos ambientes onde vivem, sendo fortemente conectadas com ambientes naturais e com os recursos encontrados no local. No entanto, de acordo com a bibliografia, as áreas normalmente disponíveis para o assentamento das comunidades indígenas estão longe de possuir a capacidade de suporte à sua tradição. O presente estudo envolve uma reflexão a respeito da comunidade indígena Mbyá Guarani, localizada no município de Palmares do Sul / RS / Brasil, mais especificamente sobre seus padrões de construções e de ocupação dos espaços. O estudo, portanto, foi direcionado para questões práticas e estudos empíricos, onde a observação, expressão gráfica e entrevistas foram as principais fontes de evidência. A estratégia de pesquisa proposta foi a pesquisa-ação, visando identificar as reais necessidades da comunidade, assim como, avaliar o aprendizado e as mudanças decorrentes do processo de pesquisa. Parte do problema de pesquisa incluiu a participação da comunidade no desenvolvimento de projetos e construções na aldeia. Na etapa final foi proposta a utilização do estudo desenvolvido pelo arquiteto Christopher Alexander, The Pattern Language, como guia para construção de uma linguagem de padrões indígena para a comunidade Mbyá Guarani do Tekoá Yryapú. Espera-se que este estudo possibilite um melhor entendimento sobre a configuração das aldeias Mbyá Guarani, construídas de acordo com sua própria linguagem. Espera-se, também, que este estudo auxilie na compreensão da diversidade de etnias indígenas no Brasil, cada uma com diferentes características das avaliadas nesta pesquisa. Conseqüentemente, através desta atenção dada à comunidade indígena, busca-se compreender seus valores, presentes nos espaços que ocupam, nas suas construções e nos seus processos construtivos. / It is known that traditional communities strive for living in a land that fulfils the characteristics of their original territory. Such communities are considered very knowledgeable regarding sustainable strategies for the environment they inhabit as they are strongly connected with the environment. However, according to the literature, the areas usually allocated to indigenous settlements are far from having the carrying capacity required by their traditional way of living. The present work performs an analysis on the behavior of a Mbyá Guarani indigenous community, living in the municipality of Palmares do Sul, Brazil, more specifically on its constructions and space occupancy patterns. The study was directed towards pragmatic questions and empirical studies in which observation, graphical expression and interviews were the main sources of evidence. The research strategy employed was an action research, aiming at identifying the community’s real needs and also tried to evaluate the community learning and behavior changes resulting from the research process. Part of the research problem included identification of the approach adopted by the community in the development of projects and constructions for their village. Christopher Alexander´s Pattern Language instructed the construction of a specific pattern language for the community. It is expected that this study will enable a better understanding of the configuration of the Mbyá Guarani villages, built according to their own language. It is expected that this study will help in the understanding of a diversity of other ethnic indigenous communities in Brazil, each having different characteristics from the one evaluated in this research, but having similar values applied in their relation with the environment, buildings and constructions.

Submitted by JÚLIO HEBER SILVA (julioheber@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-01-13T18:21:06Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - João Damasio da Silva Neto - 2016.pdf: 4842269 bytes, checksum: d3637ed8e3d5658739eafcdc0ad610c6 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-01-16T10:56:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - João Damasio da Silva Neto - 2016.pdf: 4842269 bytes, checksum: d3637ed8e3d5658739eafcdc0ad610c6 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-16T10:56:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - João Damasio da Silva Neto - 2016.pdf: 4842269 bytes, checksum: d3637ed8e3d5658739eafcdc0ad610c6 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Cette recherche concerne la seule ville bâtie autour d’un centre spirite dans le monde, la ville de Palmelo (GO). L’accent est mis sur le symbolisme composant la réalité d’une “ville spirite”. Nous envisageons la recherche sur le prisme communicationnel afin de comprendre dans quelle mesure les systèmes symboliques de la ville et de la religion se communiquent. Nous proposon une démarche anthropologique à l’étude de la ville. De ce fait, nous remettons en cause l’histoire de cette dernière tout en réalisant la description des changements dans ses espaces matériels et imaginés. Par l’analyse de la législation local, des entretiens réalisés et l’observation des événements, nous constatons que l’identité spirite exerce une fonction médiatrice parmi les systèmes symboliques em trois zones de communication: la société, la communauté et la culture. C’est porquoi l’interprétation des systèmes symboliques pointe que l’identité spirite de Palmelo execute une sorte de médiation qui dévoile et imagine la ville autrement. En dépit des mouvements entraînant l’assimilation et l’institutionalisation du Spiritisme, cela met em scène la flexibilité religeuse contemporaine dans la ville, aussi bien qu’il assure l’autonomie de l’existance de ces systèmes symboliques. C’est là où l’hégémonie acquise par l’action communicationnelle demeure à créer des symboles. / Esta pesquisa se refere à Palmelo (GO), a única cidade no mundo fundada em torno de um centro espírita. Feita de simbolismo, a realidade de uma “cidade espírita” é aqui estudada sob a ótica comunicacional para saber até que ponto os sistemas simbólicos da cidade e da religião se comunicam. Com aparato antropológico, este trabalho revisa e faz ajustes à história da cidade, descreve seus espaços materiais e imaginários e analisa, por meio de entrevistas em profundidade, observação de eventos e análise da legislação local, como a identidade espírita promove a mediação entre os sistemas simbólicos em três âmbitos de comunicação: a sociedade, a comunidade e a cultura. A interpretação dos sistemas simbólicos a partir dessa ambiência indica que a identidade espírita em Palmelo promove uma mediação que imagina e reconhece a cidade e permite a flexibilidade da religiosidade contemporânea a despeito de movimentos de assimilação e institucionalização do espiritismo na cidade, garantindo assim a existência autônoma desses sistemas simbólicos enquanto garante uma hegemonia produzida pela ação comunicacional, produtora de símbolos.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:48:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ricardo Pereira da Costa.pdf: 8678485 bytes, checksum: b46276ead6b204642cc34eaf78879d1e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-05 / In this research we looked to study the Protestant faith among the Terena ethnic group. Since the beginning of our project we were aware of the difficulty entering in such a unique universe, but we sought this goal as a challenge to understand a little more of the Protestant faith in an ethnic setting.We wanted to understand if the gospel we have here in the city of São Paulo is the same as the Terena Indians have. And beyond, we sought for more elements of faith that could demonstrate uniqueness between these two very different communities geographically and sociologically speaking eg: the dogma of Trinity, baptism rites, liturgy, singing and preaching evangelistic message among other issues. We concluded the research strongly influenced by the beautiful images and pleasant readings and convinced that the Christianity taught and practiced by the early church as we can see in the book of Acts of the Apostles is very much alive in the 21st century between the Terena. We understand that the people and the cultures aren t the same, but the gospel and their practices are worked the same way. We found the Church UNIEDAS in the village of Bananal and we met with its leadership, the current cacique and former chiefs. Besides, we talked to many indigenous pastors. In doing that we realized that they have an immense gratitude to God because they are "true believers" of have a beautiful history and felling that they are determined to lead this process of evangelization to other "fellow countrymen". The UNIEDAS is present on Brazilian soil since the early twentieth century. The process began with the pioneers of ISAMU and SAIM men. There was conflict at the beginning of the Protestant formation of Terenas and the case of the chief Marcolino Wollily is well reported by Cardoso Oliveira e Silva Altenfelder in his work in the 50s and 60s showing some political issues involving SPI. / Desde o início de nosso projeto tínhamos a certeza da dificuldade em adentrar um universo tão intrínseco. Buscamos pesquisar este grupo pelo desafio de entender um pouco da fé protestante em um ambiente étnico. Queríamos entender se o evangelho que temos aqui na cidade de São Paulo é o mesmo dos índios terena e, além do mais, buscar elementos de fé que demonstrassem unicidade por exemplo: dogma da trindade, batismo, ceia litúrgica, canto pregação e mensagem evangelística entre outras questões. Saímos da pesquisa bastante influenciados pelas belas imagens e leituras prazerosas; a certeza é que o cristianismo ensinado e praticado pelas igrejas primitivas do livro de Atos dos apóstolos está bem vivo no século 21 entre os terenas. Entendemos que mudam os povos e suas respectivas culturas, mas o evangelho e suas práticas são trabalhadas da mesma forma. Conhecemos a Igreja UNIEDAS na Aldeia do Bananal e nos reunimos com a liderança: cacique, ex-caciques além de pastores indígenas... muitos pastores, pudemos perceber que eles têm uma gratidão imensa a Deus pelo fato de serem crentes por terem uma bela história e sentirem-se determinados a levar este processo de evangelização para outros patrícios . A UNIEDAS está presente em solo brasileiro desde o início do século XX. O processo inicia-se com os pioneiros da ISAMU e com homens da SAIM. Houve confronto no início da formação protestante dos Terenas, e o caso do cacique Marcolino Wollily é bem relatado de questões políticas envolvendo o SPI, Cardoso Oliveira e Altenfelder Silva mostram isto em suas obras na década de 50 e 60.