Òyötùnjí: The Making of Africans in America examines the impact of self-identification with African culture and the impact it has on African identity within social and Black Nationalist movements. More so than the Civil Rights movement, the Black Nationalist movement has influenced the ways in which African Americans self identified as a group and as individuals. Comprised primarily of African nationalists, Òyötùnjí Village was considered the vanguard in re- introducing the African ideology into Santeria, and giving birth to what is now considered the Ifa/Yoruba tradition. As the intentional community of Òyötùnjí grew, the Ifa tradition spread as well because of its porous population. To explore the relationship between identity and social movements, this paper examines the motivation behind the formation of Òyötùnjí Village and the formation of an independent community.

¡@¡@The purpose of this essay is to examine the problems emerge from village relocation program by state apparatus. Hongmaogang, the district on Kaohsiung City in Taiwan, is a representative case of village relocation program. This program is in the largest scale in Taiwan. It is also the most significant program in Taiwan which has expended the most considerable budge and has moved abundant residents during nearly forty years. ¡@¡@This study will explores the relocation of Hongmaogang by the anthropology theory of Abrams framework that distinguish the difference from ¡§state idea¡¨ and ¡§state system¡¨ to understand what is state. Author used ¡§in-depth interview¡¨ and ¡§archival analysis¡¨ to analyze this case. This study discovers that the planning and execution model of state apparatus runs similar with the concept of the ideology of developementalism which is mentioned by Ferguson's Anti-Political Machine and Scott¡¦s High Modernity. Under the context, all the local culture, history, fisheries, and social relations in Hongmaogang are ignored by the government. That is to say that Taiwanese government simplifies Hongmaogang into an undeveloped district. ¡@¡@To summarize, this study reveals that the weak economic of the village is associated with the inappropriate planning of government. On the other hand, Taiwanese government believes that villages without relocation program are lagged. This essay is a comprehensive examination of the problems of space shaping in Taiwan.

Taiwan is an island country which is surrounded by sea, and fishery is very important for both the welfare of people and the local economy. The development of fishing villages in Taiwan has a long history. However, the development of the fishing village in Taiwan has been declining because of recent economic recession, science and technology progress and the change of the public viewpoints. Cheting Township is no exception. The characteristics of fishing villages are different from each other. In this regard, this research investigates the present situation and background of Cheting Township thoroughly, and expect to offer appropriate suggestions for Cheting Township to have a new shift of future development. Traditionally, Cheting Township is famous for the catch of mullet roe. In the past, the local people enjoyed the business vary much. Nevertheless, the situation has been changing due to the environmental degradation and the decline of fishing resources. For instance, the public is not satisfied with the development at present and also are not optimistic about the future. These imply that this fishing county needs some changes for its future development. Therefore, this thesis tries to understand the development characteristics of Cheting Township and proposes relative developmental strategies. These strategies will combine the local characteristics and the operation of community renascence so that to develop marine tourism and recreational fishery as well as to improve the quality of the environment. Through referring to abroad experience, it hopes that the local fishermen can be well educated and actively participate in the fishing village development. In other words, the concept of community renascence will be included into the future regeneration of Cheting Township. Since the development of every village is different, this research has to understand the present situation of the fishing villages and then consider relative developmental solutions. Through local investigation and interviews, the research designs a questionnaire to examine the current situation and the relevant issues. The researcher also conducts an interview to check the viewpoints of the local government officials. After the analysis of these interviews and questionnaires, the thesis proposes the comprehensive developmental strategies and turther steps to integrate the planning and management of all related facilities which including the recent development idea of the ¡§love seaport¡¨ in Singda Harbor. In summary, the aim of this thsis is to develop the regeneration strategies of fishing villages in Cheting Township so that to reach the goal of sustainable development of fishing villages with the high quality of living environment.

ABSTRACT Village renewal refers to the process in which the existing living space and environmental conditions that have traditional value and characteristics, under the consideration of natural and humanistic resources, are bonded with social changes. It is a comprehensive, local, and perennial mission that involves both the public and the private sectors. For a long time Taiwan has witnessed an imbalance between cities and rural areas: the development of cities at the cost of villages, from which serious problems have sprouted. It is not justifiable to let cities grow to be more crowded and noisy and, at the same time, let villages become desolate and deserted. For this reason, in 1987 on behalf of the government, the Executive Yuan Council of Agriculture commissioned the Bureau of Land Administration of the Taiwan Provincial Government to implement renewal plan for farming and fishing villages. Some remote, out-of-shape communities were selected as the sites to undergo village renewal programs for almost ten years. This study was aimed to investigate the effectiveness of this overall project exemplary plan, what difficulties were encountered in the implementation. The scope of the study included the 19 areas where the Bureau of Land Administration of the Taiwan Provincial Government completed the implementation of the renewal plan for farming and fishing villages. The subjects of this study primarily consisted of local government officials and village chiefs. The research methods included theoretical investigation, construction of problems, pragmatic research and or ganization and analysis of secondary data. With respect to effectiveness, three aspects regarding farming and fishing communities were studied, namely economic aspect, social aspect and environmental aspect each of which consists of 10 sub-items. The questionnaire survey method was adopted, and the Likert-Type Five-Point scale designed by American scholar Likert was used to enquire the degree of identity for each question, and then discussion was conducted and suggestions were proposed, after considering the execution aspect. The study has resulted in the findings: with respect to the effectiveness of farming and fishing village renewal plan implemented by the Taiwan province, the social aspect has achieved the highest effectiveness, followed by the environmental aspect, with the economic aspect achieving the lowest effectiveness. Furthermore, in the economic aspect, ¡§increasing community employment¡¨ and ¡§increasing the income for villagers¡¨ achieved the lowest effectiveness.

With the transformation of economic development and change of social structure, Taiwan is now facing the problem of M-social trend, the gap between the rich and poor. Disadvantaged minorities hence rely on social welfare polity to maintain basic needs for daily life. Village secretary¡¦s duty includes various tasks. The study, from the perspective of social assistance, explores the role function of village secretary on social assistance. Village secretary¡¦s role as social assistance has received much attention for that they should not only passively serve public, but also proactively uncover assist-required cases. In this study, Cijin District of Kaohsiung City is taken as subject for exploration. Cijin District has specific geography and environmental condition, such as inconvenient traffic and residents¡¦ living rely on ocean. It is also the district with the lowest income and highest rate of foreign spouse in Kaohsiung, hence require more social welfare then any other districts. The purpose of the study is to investigate the administrative behavior that promote social assistance from policy and implement perspectives. Issues such as factors that affect village secretary¡¦s qualification examination procedures and discovery of social assistance examination systems are also discussed as reference for further policy implementation. The research method of the study includes system research, literature review and focus group. At the end, it is suggested that secretary function to be strengthened and concrete solution to be proposed as the reference for government to examine social assistance welfare policy, so that disadvantage minorities¡¦ actual need could be fulfilled.

Die Studie analysiert soziale Infrastruktur- und Dienstleistungsangebote in sächsischen Dörfern. Im Mittelpunkt steht dabei der Blick der Bevölkerung: Wie bewerten Dorfbewohner ihre Lebenssituation? Wie nehmen sie Post- und Bankdienstleistungen oder die medizinische Versorgung wahr? Wie wird die Nahversorgung bewertet? Und welche Entfernungen müssen zu einzelnen Versorgungsangeboten zurückgelegt werden? Zur Beantwortung dieser und anderer Fragen wurde eine Bevölkerungsbefragung ausgewertet, an der 2.719 Bewohner aus 22 sächsischen Dörfern teilnahmen. Die Mehrheit der Befragten bewertet die dörflichen Lebensverhältnisse positiv und zieht das Landleben dem Leben in der Großstadt vor. Jedoch erschweren weite Wege zu wichtigen Infrastruktureinrichtungen das alltägliche Leben. Jeder Zweite empfindet dies als störend am Dorfleben. Insbesondere die Versorgung mit Waren und Dienstleistungen wird von den Befragten bemängelt. Zufrieden sind die meisten dagegen mit dem Kindergartenangebot. Aus den Ergebnissen werden Anhaltspunkte für eine bedarfsgerechte Daseinsvorsorge gewonnen. Es wird gezeigt, worauf bei der Anpassung von Mindeststandards zu achten ist und welche Potenziale das bürgerschaftliche Engagement bietet. Die Ergebnisse sollen zur bedarfsgerechten Gestaltung der Daseinsvorsorge in Sachsens Dörfern beitragen.

Thesis (M. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 88-94).

In 1929, Henry Ford opened Greenfield Village, his outdoor history museum in Dearborn, Michigan. Fourteen years earlier, Ford announced that written history was bunk. The museum was designed to reshape the historical project by celebrating farmers and inventors in lieu of military heroes and politicians. Included among the structures were Thomas Edison’s Menlo Park Laboratory, Noah Webster’s home, and Ford’s Quadricycle shop. Ford used architecture and material culture to connect American progress to self-made manhood, middle-class domesticity, and the inventive spirit. Despite signs that the struggling automotive industry is responsible for Michigan’s economic decline, the site is popular--since 1976 over one million visitors have attended each year. This project examines this phenomenon, which exemplifies how publics often fail to link past and present in the same way that scholars do. The Village’s largely unexplored archives documenting its internal history are mined, along with primary and secondary sources on the histories of public history and the Detroit metropolitan-area. Chapter one studies the site’s construction and audiences during Ford’s presidency arguing that the populist public images of Ford and Edison mediated encounters with the Village. Chapter two links the site to the racial politics of the Detroit metro-area, which marked the Village as an alternative public space for whites. Chapter three draws on visitor surveys, to show how patrons’ worldviews were shaped by the politics of populistconservativism. Chapter four explains how the appointment of an academic as president ensured the addition of progressive historical narratives, but the site’s location in Dearborn impeded efforts to draw a larger African American audience. In the mid-1990s, the fifth chapter contends, administrators successfully sought new patrons by blending progressive history and entertainment. This project argues that the Village is popular because it articulates both visitors’ longing for an imagined past, and desires for alternative futures. It also proposes that representations of the past are understood not only through a study of their internal histories, but by placing them in the broader contexts of the economy, politics, and social relationships of the geographic area in which they are located. / text

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The goal of this document is to demonstrate how Slovak folk music inspired creation of some early 20th century chamber, orchestral, and vocal-instrumental compositions. In examples drawn from works of Vítězslav Novák, Leoš Janáček and Béla Bartók the author analyzes the different ways of translating folk music idioms into the compositional language of these composers. The first of the introductory chapters presents an outline of distinctive features of Slovak folk music. It talks about the role of folk song in the life of Slovaks and its connection to social events in the villages. It also analyzes the relationship between language and music. The coexistence of modal and tonal music is emphasized and songs are divided into historical periods. In the second part of the introduction an historic overview of the influence of Slovak folk music in classical music is given. The chapter covers the first known occurrences of this influence in the collections of songs and dances from the Baroque era and the occasional references in the Classical and Romantic music. The impulses behind the wave of interest in Slovak folk music in the 20th century are also examined. The first chapter documents the influence of Slovak folk music on Vítězslav Novák. It describes his early career and his first encounters with Slovakia. The central part of this chapter consists of analysis of the symphonic poem In the Tatras, a work inspired by Slovakia and containing Slovak music references. The second chapter of this document is devoted to Leoš Janáček. His multifaceted approach to folk music included an intimate knowledge of people’s lifestyle, traditions, local dialects and speech patterns. The fruit of his research is documented in the song collection 26 Folk Ballads. The majority of these arrangements for voice and piano are of Slovak origin. The final chapter examines the personal and artistic ties of Béla Bartók to Slovakia. Bartók employed folk music elements in his compositions with a genius which made him a master of such compositional approach. The variety of ways by which Bartók used Slovak folk music is scrutinized in the analysis of Three Village Scenes.