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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Stochastic Simulation of the Suspended Sediment Deposition in the Channel With Vegetation and Its Relevance to Turbulent Kinetic Energy

Yang, L., Huai, W., Guo, Yakun 22 March 2022 (has links)
Yes / The aquatic vegetation patch plays a significant role on sediment net deposition in the vegetated channels. Particularly, the flow is decelerated at the leading edge of a patch that tends to induce vertical updraft, that is, a diverging flow region, in which vegetation greatly affects the pattern of sediment net deposition. This study focuses on the simulation of the sediment net deposition in the whole vegetation patch region through an innovative random displacement model, a Lagrange method, with probability-based boundary conditions, instead of the reflection or sorption boundary at the channel bottom. The probability model of deposition and resuspension is proposed according to the flow field characteristics in the different regions of the vegetation patch. The variation of the sediment deposition and resuspension with the turbulent kinetic energy is analyzed to illustrate the effect of the turbulence induced by vegetation, represented by the dimensionless turbulent kinetic energy (ψ), on the sediment deposition and resuspension. The sediment deposition predicted by the proposed model agrees well with the experimental measurements. Results show that the effect of vegetation on the sediment deposition and resuspension motions begins to prevail when the vegetation-induced ψ is larger than its threshold, ψ *. The threshold of ψ is predicted to be within 6.8–10 according to the simulation results in this study. As the turbulent kinetic energy increases, the deposition probability decreases continuously when ψ > ψ *. / ational Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC). Grant Numbers: 52020105006, 11872285; UK Royal Society - International Exchanges Program. Grant Number: IES\R2\181122; Open Funding of State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science (WRHES), Wuhan University. Grant Number: 2018HLG01
2

3D numerical modelling and laboratory study of flow field induced by a group of submerged vegetations

John, Chukwuemeka K., Pu, Jaan H., Guo, Yakun, Keating, M., Al-Qadami, E.H.H., Razi, M.A.M., Hanmaiahgari, P.R. 12 October 2024 (has links)
Yes / The three-dimensional (3D) numerical modelling in an open channel flow field of a group of submerged vegetations using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) platform of FLOW-3D HYDRO was performed in this study. A set of acoustic Doppler velocimetry (ADV) measurements have been conducted as benchmark to validate the numerical model. A quantitative comparison was performed on several hydrodynamic variables that impacted the vegetated open channel flow, such as flow depth, streamwise water velocity, turbulent intensity, and Reynolds shear stress. In the numerical analysis, the flow turbulence was treated using the RANS approach (within RNG k-ε); while the Volume Of Fluid (VOF) method was used to track the air-water interface. Structured meshes with hexahedral elements were used to discretize the channel geometry. In the findings, the numerical model reasonably reproduced the flow field and presented corresponding agreement with the experimental turbulent structures. This study showed that the differences in results between various analyses were all less than 10% and concludes that the presented numerical approach can be utilised as an efficient tool for simulations of the flow field within a vegetation patch (i.e. by using the simplified RANS approach).
3

Spatio-temporal analysis of braided river morphology with airborne LiDAR / Analyse spatio-temporelle de la morphologie des rivières en tresses par LiDAR aéroporté

Tacon, Sandrine 11 September 2015 (has links)
Les rivières en tresses constituent des plaines alluviales complexes constituées d'une mosaïque d'unités correspondant à des échelles spatio-temporelles différentes. L'objectif de cette thèse a été d'utiliser des données de LiDAR aéroporté pour améliorer la connaissance des réponses morphologiques des lits en tresses à différentes échelles spatio-temporelles. Dans un premier temps, 2 levés LiDAR séquentiels ont permis de détecter les changements morphologiques d’une tresse de 7 km survenus suite à une crue de période de retour 14 ans. Ces travaux ont été réalisés sur le site du Bès, un affluent de la Bléone. Les résultats ont mis en évidence l’importance des différentes étapes de traitement de l’information dans le calcul du bilan sédimentaire (réalignement des nuages de points séquentiels, évaluation de la bathymétrie, variabilité spatiale de l’incertitude altimétrique). L’exploitation des résultats a de plus montré un profond remaniement des chenaux tressés, du fait de l’occurrence de nombreuses avulsions. Dans un deuxième temps, les données LiDAR ont été utilisées pour caractériser la signature morphologique des lits en tresses à l’échelle plurikilométrique. L’analyse a porté sur un linéaire de plus de 25 km réparti sur 9 sites, dans les bassins versants de la Drôme, du Drac et de la Bléone. Premièrement, ces données mettent clairement en évidence l’effet du confinement de la tresse sur ses propriétés morphologiques avec entre autres un élargissement de la bande active à l'amont de ces zones. Deuxièmement, deux périodes caractéristiques ont été mises en évidence : autour de 3-4 et de 9-10 fois la largeur de la bande active. La période à 3-4 serait liée à la dynamique des macroformes. La période à 10 pourrait être liée à la dynamique de transfert à long terme des sédiments et pourrait correspondre aux successions longitudinales des mégaformes sédimentaires. Finalement, les données de LIDAR aérien ont été couplées à une étude diachronique de photographies aériennes pour reconstruire l'historique de formation des différentes unités spatiales composant la plaine d'inondation et relier cette structure avec les caractéristiques des unités de végétation. 3 rivières en tresses ont été étudiées dans les Alpes françaises avec un degré croissant d'activité : le Bouinenc, la Drôme et le Bès. Cette méthodologie a permis de reconstruire les différentes phases d'incision du lit avec deux périodes majeurs : avant 1948 et seconde partie du 20ème siècle. Il a aussi été montré l'impact des crues sur l'incision et l'élargissement de la bande active en lien avec le régime sédimentaire. Ces changements à long terme jouent un rôle significatif pour expliquer la mosaïque de la végétation de la plaine d'inondation avec une végétation bien développée et composée majoritairement d'unité matures dans le cas d'une rétraction et d'une incision sur le long terme. Les rivières plus actives présentent une diversité d'unité de végétation plus équilibrée. Enfin, la présence de lande arbustive semble être un bon indicateur des périodes d'incision. / Braided rivers form complex floodplains composed of sedimentary deposits mosaics, which differ in term of spatial and time scales, in function of hydrologic forcing and sediment supply. The goal of this thesis is to use airborne LiDAR to improve our understanding of braided channel morphological responses at different spatial and time scales.In a first time, two sequential airborne LiDAR surveys were used to reconstruct morphological changes of a 7-km-long braided river channel following a 14-year return period flood. This was done on the Bès River, a tributary of the Bléone River in southeastern France. Results highlighted the importance of different data processing steps in sediment budget computation (surface matching, bathymetry assessment, spatially distributed propagation of uncertainty). Analysis of these data also shows that the braided channel pattern was highly disturbed by the flood owing to the occurrence of several channel avulsions.In a second time, LiDAR data were used to look at longitudinal signatures of cross-sectional morphology at the scale of several kilometers. This study was done on 9 study reaches distributed on five braided rivers in Drôme, Drac and Bléone catchments. These data highlighted the effect of braided river confinement/obstruction on morphologic signature with upstream widening pattern. Secondly, two characteristic wavelengths have been identified from these signals: 3-4 and 10 times the active channel width. The first could be link to the dynamics of macroforms. The second could be associated to the dynamics of megaforms and long term sediment transfer.Finally, airborne LiDAR data were associated with archived aerial photos to reconstruct floodplain formation and relate this geomorphic organisation with vegetation patch characters. This is achieved on 3 different braided rivers in French Alps with an increasing degree of activity: the Bouinenc Torrent, the Drôme River and the Bès River. This methodology allowed us to establish the timing of channel incision with the identification of two major periods: before 1948 and second part of 20th century. Impacts of flood history on channel incision and widening pattern were also highlighted. These long term changes are playing a significant role to explain vegetation mosaics with a well-developed vegetated floodplain mainly composed of mature units following long term narrowing and incision. Rivers with higher activity show an equi-diversity of floodplain vegetation units. Finally, presence of shrubland patches seems to be good indicator of incision periods.

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