Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is the cause of a pandemic that has been devastating the U.S. and global swine industry for more than twenty years. PRRSV vaccine development is challenging due to virus heterogeneity. Evidence indicates that the major envelope protein, GP5, is the primary target for a subunit vaccine. In native virions GP5 primarily exists as a disulfide linked complex with the membrane protein, M, which also possesses immunogenic properties. Recent studies report that the GP5/M complex is a more significant vaccine candidate. Currently, no bulk purification methods have been reported for PRRSV proteins. The objective of this research was to develop a purification process for GP5 or GP5/M from native virions. PRRS virions were isolated and concentrated through sucrose cushion ultracentrifugation and target envelope proteins were solubilized with Triton X-100 detergent for further processing. GP5/M was not consistently identified in samples and was therefore abandoned. GP5 was identified by Western blot throughout processing with a αORF5 antibody. Cation exchange chromatography (CEX) was utilized for partial fractionation of GP5, although the viral nucleocapsid protein, N, was a major impurity in CEX elution fractions. As a second chromatographic step, hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) further purified GP5 by means of a two-stage elution scheme. Pure GP5 was eluted from the HIC resin in the second HIC elution stage by Triton X-100 displacement; however the protein is present as a homodimeric/tetrameric aggregate. This process will be useful in PRRSV vaccine development and the purified GP5 product could be used as much needed positive controls in animal studies. / Master of Science

Introdução: A infecção pelo HIV causa um profundo comprometimento da resposta imune do hospedeiro, podendo levar à aids. Várias estratégias terapêuticas têm sido testadas ao longo dos anos, entre elas a imunoterapia com células dendríticas diferenciadas a partir de monócitos (MoDCs), pulsadas com HIV-1 inativado. Neste caso, a produção de vírus para o pulso das MoDCs consiste inicialmente no isolamento do vírus a partir de amostras de sangue do paciente e, em seguida, sua expansão em culturas de células CD4. Também deve ser considerado que quantidade excessiva de vírus pode ser tóxica para as MoDCs a serem pulsadas e do mesmo modo, quantidade insuficiente de vírus pode não ser efetiva para ativar uma resposta imune especifica. Neste contexto, a investigação do efeito de diferentes concentrações de vírus sobre o perfil fenotípico e funcional de MoDCs poderia auxiliar na determinação de uma quantidade ótima de vírus para o pulso das MoDCs e contribuir para o aperfeiçoamento da vacina terapêutica. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito de diferentes quantidades de partículas virais, sobre o perfil fenotípico e funcional das MoDCs. Metodologia: Monócitos obtidos de indivíduos HIV+ foram diferenciados em MoDCs e pulsadas com HIV quimicamente inativado (3 partículas/MoDC, 30 partículas/MoDC, 300 partículas/MoDC). As células foram analisadas com relação ao perfil fenotípico, capacidade de internalizar p24, expressão de CD38, HLA-DR e CD69 e a produção de IFN-y por linfócitos T CD4+ e CD8+ autólogos. Resultados: O pulso com concentrações crescentes de vírus parece não interferir no perfil fenotípico e funcional das MoDCs. Conclusão: As diferentes quantidades de partículas virais utilizadas para o pulso parecem não ser tóxicas para as MoDCs estudadas, não tendo sido observadas diferenças com relação ao perfil fenotípico ou funcional das MoDCs / Introduction: The infection from HIV causes a profound impairment of the host immune response, which can lead to aids. Several therapeutic strategies have been tested over the years, including immunotherapy with monocyte - derived dendritic cells (MoDCs), pulsed with inactivated HIV-1. In this case, the production of virus for the pulse of the MoDCs initially consists of isolating the vírus from the patient\'s blood samples and then it into CD4+ cell cultures. It should also be considered that excessive amount of virus can be toxic to the MoDCs to be pulsed and likewise, insufficiently amount may not be effective for properly activate a specific immune response. In this context, the investigation of the effect of different virus concentrations on the phenotypic and functional profile of MoDCs could assist in the determination of an optimal amount of virus for the pulse of the MoDCs and contribute to the improvement of the therapeutic vaccine. Objectives: To evaluate the effect of different amounts of viral particles on the phenotypic and functional profile of MoDCs. Methods: MoDCs generated from HIV+ individuals were differentiated into MoDCs and pulsed with chemically inactivated HIV (3 particles /MoDC, 30 particles /MoDC, 300 particles /MoDC). Cells were analyzed for phenotypic profile, ability to internalize p24, expression of CD38, HLA-DR and CD69, and the production of IFN-y by autologous CD4 + and CD8 + T lymphocytes. Results: The pulse with increasing concentrations of virus does not seem to interfere in the phenotypic and functional profile of the MoDCs. Conclusion: The different amounts of viral particles used for the pulse appear to be non-toxic to the MoDCs studied, and no differences were observed regarding the phenotypic or functional profile of the MoDCs