A qualitative research project was conducted to explore experiences of co-worker trust, relatedness and vitality through a short-term Music Therapy intervention designed to promote well-being. Thirteen adults who work at a branch of a South African bank in the Cape Winelands in the Western Cape Province of South Africa participated in the study. Six Music Therapy sessions were conducted in work time. Focus groups were conducted before and after the intervention. Data were generated by means of transcription of the focus groups, and thick description of selected Music Therapy session video clips. Data were analysed by means of content analysis through data-driven, open coding, followed by two levels of categorisation and theme extraction (Ansdell & Pavlicevic, 2001; Gibbs, 2007; Graneham & Lundman, 2004; Hsieh & Shannon, 2005; Punch, 1998). Findings suggest that participants experienced meaningful shifts in experience on all three of the identified focus construct dimensions, as well as on the dimensions of individual competence and autonomy. Further emerging questions were explored regarding the transferability of gains made in the Music Therapy space to the work context. It was proposed that increased experiences of autonomy, competence, and vitality in the therapy space supported the development of trust and enriched relatedness across both work and therapy contexts. Trust and relatedness gains were proposed to be longer-lasting. A progression of relatedness development phases was proposed, through which participants may have been able to achieve notable outcomes pertaining to improved communication, decreased conflict, increased cooperation and interpersonal support. / Dissertation (MMus)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / gm2014 / Music / unrestricted

The study investigated language policy and planning in relation to minority languages and specifically Tshwao, a Khoisan language, in Zimbabwe. The purpose of the study was to establish its impact on the current sociolinguistic status of Tshwao. The ultimate goal was to suggest guidelines for the implementation of the Constitution of Zimbabwe (Amendment No. 20) Act, 2013 which officially recognised sixteen languages including ‘Koisan’ and to make recommendations for future language planning for endangered languages in general. The study is qualitative in nature. It used interviews, document analysis, observation and focus groups to gather data. Critical Discourse Analysis and Ethnolinguistic Vitality were the main theories which guided the study. The study showed that even though Tshwao is the Khoisan language that is popular, there are several other varieties such as Jitshwa, Xaise, Cirecire and Ganade and they are all endangered with very low demographic, status and institutional support. The Khoisan people have shifted to Ndebele and Kalanga, languages which are spoken by their neighbours. Both linguistic and extra-linguistic factors were shown in the study to have affected the maintenance of Khoisan languages. Numerical domination of the Khoisan by the Bantu people, subjugation by Mzilikazi during his conquests as well as selective development of languages by missionaries led to assimilation and language marginalisation. The implementation of discriminatory land, wildlife and language polices by the colonial government also resulted in relocations, language contact situations and dispersed settlements, all of which affected language maintenance. In the post-independence era, political instability, official and unofficial language policies were shown as having perpetuated the plight of Khoisan languages, including Tshwao. The constitution emerged as a milestone towards upholding minority languages. Its effectiveness is however compromised by inaccuracies and ambiguities in the manner in which provisions are crafted. The study concludes that Khoisan language endangerment spans from history. Formal and informal language policies contributed to the current state of endangerment. It further concludes that if effective revitalisation is to be done in line with implementing the constitution, all the factors which contributed to endangerment have to be taken into account. The study also suggests a separate guideline for the promotion of minority languages in general and displaced and endangered languages like Tshwao in particular. / Linguistics and Modern Languages / D. Phil. (Linguistics)

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“When a system gets cold, then images can warm it up - a vitalising journey using storytelling as part of a management system”. This essay wants to show that the rational language used in management and governance needs to come alive. I have spent a long time in business, moving from a rational programming mind to becoming a reflective storyteller, and I now use the metaphorical language of storytelling to add life and vitality to organisations. The form of an essay is used to reflect on practical knowledge and one’s own proficiency. I used storytelling in a workshop to deepen the significance and meaning of a company’s vision. The method reveals, through the process, the management team’s practical knowledge. The method and my own practical knowledge are in a hermeneutic spirit compared to contemporary philosophers. The development of rational thinking and its counterforces are explored. The possibilities of leadership within an organisation’s structures is compared to management research. It leads to the conclusion that the metaphorical language is a language that opens spaces in-between, “the nothingness” and as such opens a tear to the vitality of leaders. / ”När systemet är kallt kan bilder värma – en vitaliserande resa med storytelling i ledningssystem” vill visa att det rationella språk som används för ledning och styrning behöver få liv. Jag har börjat använda storytellings bildspråk för att tillföra liv och vitalitet i organisationer efter ett långt arbetsliv där jag rört mig från rationell programmerare till reflekterande berättare. Essän som form används för att reflektera över den praktiska kunskapen, det egna yrkeskunnandet. Med storytelling som metod har jag genomfört en workshop hos en ledningsgrupp för att fördjupa innebörden av organisationens vision. Metoden synliggör i processen lednings-gruppens praktiska kunskap. I en hermeneutisk anda ställs både metoden och min egen praktiska kunskap mot nutida tänkare. Det rationella tänkandets utveckling och motkrafter utforskas. Ledarskapets möjligheter i organisationers strukturer ställs mot ledarskapsforskning. För att slutligen se på bildspråket såsom ett språk som öppnar upp ett mellanrum, intet, revan som leder in till ledarnas vitalitet.

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The purpose of this project is to argue that we possess a minimal self. It will demonstrate that minimal selfhood arrives early in our development and continues to remain and influence us throughout our entire life. There are two areas of research which shape my understanding of the minimal self: phenomenology and enactivism. Phenomenology emphasizes the sense of givenness, ownership, or mineness that accompanies all of our experiences. Enactivism says there is a sensorimotor coupling that occurs between us and the environment in a way which modulates the dynamic patterns of our self development; the laying down of these basic patterns helps make us who we are and gives rise to the phenomenological, experiential mineness. Drawing on these two core ideas, I will be arguing for a Phenomenological-Enactive Minimal Self (abbreviated PEMS). I will be emphasizing the role of the body and the role of affects (moods, feelings, and emotions) as the most important components relevant to understanding minimal selfhood. Put more concretely, the set of conditions which constitute the PEMS view are: (i) The minimal self is the experiential subject; the minimal sense of self is present whenever there is awareness. It is the subjectivity of experience, the sense of mineness, or givenness which our experiences contain. (ii) The phenomenological part of the PEMS view turns on the idea of a bodily and dynamic integration of sensorimotor coupling and affective experience. It is, ontologically speaking, the lived body in enactive engagement with the environment. It is this embodied subject which anchors and forms the foundation for the later ‘narrative' self, which emerges from it and which is continually influenced by it. It is the subject enactively engaged with others, dependent on sensorimotor processes and affects. We have an identity, but it emerges from relational and dynamic processes.

Cette thèse retrace les étapes de la création d’un dispositif projectif permettant d’explorer le soi-archaïque d’un sujet adulte. Son élaboration est le fruit de plusieurs recherches antérieures auprès de diverses populations : sujets adultes ne présentant pas de pathologie reconnue, jeunes adultes psychotiques et/ou états-limites, sujets adultes paraplégiques. Le dispositif créé pour ces recherches a évolué pour devenir un outil d’exploration et de médiation utilisé depuis plusieurs années dans le cadre de mes prises en charges thérapeutiques, auprès de patients souffrants majoritairement de troubles narcissiques identitaires.Des photographies de l’espace, pour la plupart prises par le CNRS ou la NASA avec différents télescopes sont utilisées comme support projectif. Avec ces photographies, l’impact esthétique est indéniable. « Que représente pour vous l’univers ? » : L'utilisation de photographies de divers objets célestes comme support projectif pour répondre à une question latente sur la subjectivité mobilise la pensée en images et vient questionner le sentiment de soi actuel et archaïque. Ces photographies offrent une figuration de vécus originaires, métaphores cosmiques déjà remarquées dans la littérature psychanalytique (Anzieu et les signifiants formels, Aulagnier et le trou noir de la psyché…), elles favorisent une mise en scène imagée des interactions précoces.Le dispositif de l’EPSA est un « attracteur » sollicitant la projection d’un "incréé", d’une expérience en souffrance de symbolisation. La malléabilité de l’EPSA permet au sujet de la mettre en forme, raconter l’histoire de ce qu’il ne connait pas de lui et qui le hante. Le sujet projette dans l’EPSA une ambiance psychique, trace d’un soi-émergent dans un fonctionnement parfois en souffrance, où apparaissent des « processus » de transformation.L’EPSA permet d’explorer les capacités réflexives du sujet : Capacités du sujet à élaborer ou non un conflit esthétique, la gestion et l’expression de ce conflit. Capacités à « raisonner » affectivement, à être en contact avec ses émotions, à les éprouver. Se sentir, se voir, « dire » ses émotions. (Trois « degrés » de symbolisation).La maturité du soi archaïque et son expression (maturité affective du sentiment de soi) peut se définir ainsi : la tolérance et l’acceptation des affects, émotions, sentiments… provoqués par les conflits à se penser sujet. La capacité à ne pas être « débordé » affectivement sans trop d’évitement et d’inhibition. L’élaboration psychique et verbale de ces conflits (le partage et la communication avec autrui).L’EPSA permet ainsi d’observer chez l’adulte des troubles liés aux premiers stades de développement : le traitement de l’affect, les interactions précoces, les troubles dus à des déficiences dans l’accordage… L’EPSA est un outil d’exploration de certains processus importants dans la construction de la subjectivité, et permet d’affiner notre regard clinique concernant les troubles identitaires narcissiques, état-limites, pathologies de la dépendance…La passation de l’EPSA, en proposant au sujet de rapporter ses impressions, favorise un travail de mise en forme et de mise en mots. C’est un espace créatif, de trouvé/créé. Un dispositif symbolisant et de partage et rencontre. Il est un objeu, un support thérapeutique. Finalement, l’EPSA est un miroir de soi, et aussi un outil de « transformation », de symbolisation. / This thesis traces the steps of creating a projective device for exploring the self-archaic of an adult subject. Its development is the result of several former studies from various groups: adult subjects with no pathology recognized, young psychotic adults and/or borderlines, and adult paraplegic subjects. The device created for this research has evolved into an exploration and mediation tool used for many years as part of my therapeutic group of patients, mostly suffering from identity narcissistic disorders.Photographs of space, mostly taken by the CNRS or NASA with different telescopes, are used a carrier. With these photographs, the visual impact is undeniable. "What does the Universe mean to you?": The use of photographs of various celestial objects as projective medium to respond to a latent question about subjectivity, mobilizes thinking in images and comes to question the sense of self, archaic and current. The photographs offer a representation of native experiences, cosmic metaphors already presented in the psychoanalytic literature (Anzieu and formal signifiers, Aulagnier and the black hole of the psyche... These favor an imaged scene of early interactions.The EPSA device is an "attractor" seeking the projection of an "uncreated" image, an experience in default of symbolization. The EPSA malleability allows the patient to put into shape the uncreated, to tell the story of what he does not know of himself and that haunts him. The subject projects into the EPSA a psychic atmosphere, a trace of an emerging self with an operation that is sometimes problematic, in which appears "processes" of transformation.EPSA explores the reflexive capacities of the subject: the subject ability to be able to develop or not an aesthetic conflict, management and expression of conflict. It is also explores the ability to "reason" emotionally, to be in touch with his emotions, to experience them, to feel oneself, to see oneself, and "to express" his emotions (Three "degrees" of symbolization).The maturity of the archaic self and its expression (emotional maturity of the sense of self) can be defined as the tolerance and acceptance of affects, emotions, and feelings... caused by conflicts to think about oneself. In this way, the subject avoids being "overwhelmed" emotionally and inhibition. The mental and verbal elaboration of conflicts provides for sharing and communication with others.EPSA allows us to observe in adults the relationship in the early stages of development disorders: treatment of affect, early interactions, and disorders due to deficiencies in the tuning... EPSA is an exploration of an important tool in the construction of subjectivity processes, and refines our clinical look on narcissistic identity disorders, borderline condition, and disease of addiction...The EPSA device, which proposes the patient to imagine his impressions, enables the patient to put words to his thoughts. It is a creative space in which we found and create. A symbolizing device which encourages sharing and meeting. It is an "objeu", a therapeutic carrier. Finally, EPSA is a mirror of oneself, and also a tool of "transformation" of symbolization.