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The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers
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Showing 21 to 30 of 79 (0.049 seconds)Spelling suggestions: "subject:"volkswirtschaftslehre"" "subject:"volkswirschaftslehre""
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Hospital Policy and Productivity: Evidence from German StatesRoesel, Felix, Karmann, Alexander 04 October 2016 (has links) (PDF)
Total factor productivity (TFP) growth allows for additional health care services under restricted resources. We examine whether hospital policy can stimulate hospital TFP growth. We exploit variation across German federal states in the period 1993 to 2013. State governments decide on hospital capacity planning (number of hospitals, departments and beds), ownership, medical students, and hospital investment funding. We show that TFP growth in German hospital care reflects quality improvements rather than increases in output volumes. Second-stage regression results indicate that reducing the length of stay is generally a proper way to foster TFP growth. The effects of other hospital policies depend on the reimbursement scheme: under activity-based (DRG) hospital funding, scope-related policies (privatization, specialization) come with TFP growth. Under fixed daily rate funding, scale matters to TFP (hospital size, occupancy rates). Differences in capitalization in East and West Germany allows to show that deepening capital may enhance TFP growth if capital is scarce. We also show that there is less scope for hospital policies after large-scale restructurings of the hospital sector.
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Der Raum der Produktion : wirtschaftliche Cluster in der Volkswirtschaftslehre des 19. Jahrhunderts /Scheuplein, Christoph. January 2006 (has links)
Zugl.: Frankfurt(Oder), Universiẗat Viadrina, Diss., 2005.
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Die ökonomischen Studien V. K. Dmitrievs, Ein Beitrag zur Interpretation und theoriehistorischen Würdigung unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der russischen VolkswirtschaftslehreSchütte, Frank 01 September 2003 (has links)
Gegenstand der Arbeit ist das Leben sowie das Werk des ersten russischen mathematischen Ökonomen Vladimir Karpovic Dmitriev (1868-1913).
Es werden alle bekannten Schriften Dmitrievs vorgestellt und eine Einführung und Interpretation seines wirtschaftstheoretischen Hauptwerkes, den Ökonomischen Essays (1898/1902), angeboten. Daneben erfolgt eine Beschreibung seiner Stellung innerhalb der russischen Nationalökonomie sowie eine Würdigung im Kontext der westlichen Volkswirtschaftslehre. Dabei werden die bis dato zu Dmitriev gewonnenen Erkenntnisse integriert, vertieft und kritisch hinterfragt. Auskünfte zur russischen Geschichte sowie die Erläuterung landestypischer Begriffe erleichtern das Verständnis der Dmitrievschen Positionen.
Es zeigt sich, dass Dmitriev allen gesundheitlichen und materiellen Widrigkeiten zum Trotz eine beachtliche wissenschaftliche Leistung vollbrachte: Er gelangte zu Erkenntnissen, die seiner Zeit um Jahrzehnte voraus waren und deren Relevanz bis in die Gegenwart reicht. Nicht nur trug er zu einem verbesserten Verständnis der klassischen Theorie bei und nahm damit einige Elemente der Forschung in den 1950/60er Jahren vorweg, Pionierleistungen erbrachte er ebenfalls für die Input-Output-Analyse sowie auf dem Gebiet der unvollkommenen Konkurrenz.
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Die ökonomischen Studien V. K. Dmitrievs, Ein Beitrag zur Interpretation und theoriehistorischen Würdigung unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der russischen VolkswirtschaftslehreSchütte, Frank 24 February 2006 (has links) (PDF)
Gegenstand der Arbeit ist das Leben sowie das Werk des ersten russischen mathematischen Ökonomen Vladimir Karpovic Dmitriev (1868-1913). Es werden alle bekannten Schriften Dmitrievs vorgestellt und eine Einführung und Interpretation seines wirtschaftstheoretischen Hauptwerkes, den Ökonomischen Essays (1898/1902), angeboten. Daneben erfolgt eine Beschreibung seiner Stellung innerhalb der russischen Nationalökonomie sowie eine Würdigung im Kontext der westlichen Volkswirtschaftslehre. Dabei werden die bis dato zu Dmitriev gewonnenen Erkenntnisse integriert, vertieft und kritisch hinterfragt. Auskünfte zur russischen Geschichte sowie die Erläuterung landestypischer Begriffe erleichtern das Verständnis der Dmitrievschen Positionen. Es zeigt sich, dass Dmitriev allen gesundheitlichen und materiellen Widrigkeiten zum Trotz eine beachtliche wissenschaftliche Leistung vollbrachte: Er gelangte zu Erkenntnissen, die seiner Zeit um Jahrzehnte voraus waren und deren Relevanz bis in die Gegenwart reicht. Nicht nur trug er zu einem verbesserten Verständnis der klassischen Theorie bei und nahm damit einige Elemente der Forschung in den 1950/60er Jahren vorweg, Pionierleistungen erbrachte er ebenfalls für die Input-Output-Analyse sowie auf dem Gebiet der unvollkommenen Konkurrenz. (Version bis auf persönliche Daten identisch mit Vorgängerversion, siehe Dokumente und Dateien.)
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Expenditure Interactions between Municipalities and the Role of Agglomeration Forces: A spatial analysis for North Rhine-WestphaliaLanger, Sebastian 30 May 2018 (has links) (PDF)
This paper analyzes municipal expenditures in the light of horizontal fiscal interactions. I investigate total expenditures and a set of non-earmarked expenditure subcategories in the largest German federal state, North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW). The empirical analysis is based on a Spatial Durbin Model in a panel for the years 2009-2015. Using a two-regime spatial matrix, I also examine the impact of agglomeration on the intensity of public expenditure interactions, thus testing the hypothesis that an agglomerated region can decrease the amount of public goods without losing mobile factors to the periphery.
The findings indicate that significant municipal expenditure interaction effects do exist. The reaction functions also vary for different expenditure subcategories. Unlike spillover effects and fiscal competition, yardstick competition is an insignificant source of potential interactions. Expenditure interaction is fiercer if there is less agglomeration in a municipality. Urbanized and populous municipalities appear to benefit from agglomeration economies, a fact that enables them to spend less. Robustness checks confirm the findings.
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The Effect of Land Consumption on Municipal Tax Revenue: Evidence from BavariaLanger, Sebastian, Korzhenevych, Artem 25 April 2018 (has links) (PDF)
This paper aims to quantify the municipal tax revenue effects of built-up area increases. The assumed existence of these effects is one of the key reasons for ongoing land consumption on the side of the municipalities. Some previous case studies however suggested that these effects might be not large enough especially in rural municipalities and would thus make land development not profitable. We estimate the effect of built-up industrial and commercial (BIC) area change on the business tax revenues in cross-sectional instrumental variable (IV) estimations. Based on detailed data for Bavaria, we find a significant and positive tax revenue effect of an increase in municipal BIC area. There exist strong differences in the size of this effect between urban and rural municipalities. The largest effects are generated by the BIC area in the large cities and become substantially smaller when these are dropped from the sample. Based on these findings, we reflect on the tradable planning permits (TPP) scheme recently discussed in the land use literature in the context of policies aiming to limit land consumption. Furthermore, we relate our estimates to the average municipal costs for land development and execute a number of robustness checks.
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Equalization Transfers and the Pattern of Municipal Spending: An Investigation of the Flypaper Effect in GermanyLanger, Sebastian, Korzhenevych, Artem 25 April 2018 (has links) (PDF)
We investigate how lump-sum equalization transfers affect expenditures and taxes in the municipalities of the largest German state North Rhine-Westphalia. In general, those general-purpose transfers cannot be treated as exogenous variables. Thus, for the identification of causal effects, two exogenous adjustments in the transfer allocation formula are used as instrumental variables. Findings suggest the existence of the “flypaper effect” – municipalities use transfers to increase expenditures but do not reduce tax rates. Extra money from transfers is mainly used to finance social expenditures and public facilities. A set of robustness checks, including a spatial dependence model, confirm the results.
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Redistribution, Selection and TradeKohl, Miriam 06 October 2017 (has links) (PDF)
This paper examines the distributional effects of international trade in a general equilibrium model with heterogeneous agents and a welfare state redistributing income. The redistribution scheme is financed by a progressive income tax and gives the same absolute transfer to all individuals. Ceteris paribus, international trade leads to an increase in income per capita but also to higher income inequality on two fronts. Inter-group inequality between managers and workers increases, and intra-group inequality within the group of managers goes up as well. We show that for constant tax rates, there is an endogenous increase in the size of the welfare state that works against the increase in inequality, yet cannot offset it. The paper also sheds light on the conditions under which trade can actually lead to a Pareto improvement.
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The causal effect of wrong-hand drive vehicles on road safetyRoesel, Felix 20 October 2017 (has links) (PDF)
Left-hand drive (LHD) vehicles share higher road accident risks under left-hand traffic because of blind spot areas. Due to low import prices, the number of wrong-hand drive vehicles skyrockets in emerging countries like Georgia, Kyrgyzstan and Russia. I identify the causal effect of wrong-hand drive vehicles on road safety employing a new “backward version” of the synthetic control method. Sweden switched from left-hand to right-hand traffic in 1967. Before 1967, however, almost all Swedish vehicles were LHD for reasons of international trade and Swedish customer demand. I match on accident figures in the period after 1967, when both Sweden and other European countries drove on the right and used LHD vehicles. Results show that right-hand traffic decreased road fatality, injury and accident risk in Sweden by approximately 30 percent. An earlier switch would have saved more than 4,000 lives between 1953 and 1966.
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More Oil, Less Quality of Education? New Empirical EvidenceFarzanegan, Mohammad Reza, Thum, Marcel 14 August 2017 (has links) (PDF)
The resource curse hypothesis suggests that resource-rich countries show lower economic growth rates compared to resource-poor countries. We add to this literature by providing empirical evidence on a new transmission channel of the resource curse, namely, the negative effect of rents on the quality of education. The cross-country analysis for more than 70 countries shows a significantly positive effect of oil rents on the quantity of education measured by government spending on primary and secondary education. Hence, the underspending hypothesis championed by Gylfason (2001) no longer holds with newer data. However, we find a robust and negative effect of oil rents dependency on the current objective and subjective indicators of quality of education, controlling for a set of other drivers of education quality and regional dummies. Despite spending significant shares of GDP on education, oil-rich countries still suffer from an insufficient quality of primary and secondary education, which may hamper their growth potentials. The significant negative effect of oil rents dependency on education quality can be explained by both the demand (e.g., skill acquisition) and supply (e.g., teacher quality) side channels.
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