Leguminosas forrageiras têm sido consorciadas com capins, e contribuído com a sustentabilidade do sistema solo-planta-animal. A soja-perene (Neonotonia wightii) é uma das leguminosas forrageiras bem adaptadas ao cultivo em áreas tropicais. A aplicação de cálcio e boro tem resultado em benefícios ao desenvolvimento da planta, especialmente para as espécies leguminosas. Este trabalho objetivou verificar os efeitos de combinações de cálcio e de boro para a soja-perene na morfofisiologia da planta, produção, concentração mineral, concentração de carboidratos na parede celular, em alterações anatômicas nos tecidos foliares e sintomas visuais. Foi conduzido um experimento em casa de vegetação com plantas de soja-perene cultivadas em solução nutritiva em vasos plásticos contendo quartzo moído como substrato. Empregou-se o delineamento de blocos ao acaso, e um esquema fatorial 52 incompleto, perfazendo um total de 13 combinações de doses de cálcio e boro. As plantas foram submetidas a dois períodos de crescimento. O primeiro corte das plantas foi realizado 46 dias após o transplante das mudas e o segundo 38 dias após o primeiro. O ponteiro (três folhas trifolioladas completamente expandidas contadas a partir do ápice) foi separado da porção inferior da planta (restante do tecido vegetal) e das raízes que também foram coletados. A interação cálcio x boro foi significativa apenas para a concentração de cálcio na porção inferior da soja-perene. As doses de cálcio alteraram a área foliar, as concentrações de cálcio, magnésio e potássio nos tecidos vegetais amostrados, e as concentrações de carboidratos na parede celular da planta. As doses de boro alteraram a produção, comprimento e superfície das raízes, as concentrações minerais nos tecidos analisados e as concentrações de carboidratos na parede celular das folhas. As combinações de baixas ou altas doses de cálcio e de boro promoveram alterações nas características anatômicas da soja-perene. Com o suprimento de boro de 10 mmol L-1 na solução nutritiva as plantas apresentaram deformações nas folhas novas e desenvolvimento anormal do sistema radicular. / Forage legumes have been mixed with grasses and contributed to improve the sustainability of the soil- plant- animal system. Perennnial soybean (Neonotonia wightii) is one forage legume well adapted to the tropical areas. Calcium and boron have resulted in benefits for plant development, particularly in legume species. This study was set with the objectives of verifying the effects of calcium and boron combinations for perennial soybean in plant morphophysiology, production, mineral concentrations, carbohydrate concentrations in cell wall, anatomical changes in leaf tissues and visual symptoms. A greenhouse experiment was carried out with plants grown in plastic pots containing ground quartz and supplied with nutrient solutions. An incomplete factorial 5 x 5, with 13 combinations of calcium and boron rates, was set in randomized block design. Plants were harvested twice, the first harvest one at 46 days after seedlings transplanting to the pots and the second harvest at 38 days after the first one. The upper part (three completely expended leaves) was separated from the lower part of plant tops and roots that were collected too. Calcium x boron interaction was only significant for the calcium concentration in the lower part of perennial soybean. Calcium rates changed leaf area, concentrations of calcium, magnesium and potassium in the sampled plant tissues, and carbohydrate concentrations in the cell wall of perennial soybean. Boron rates influenced changes in roots (dry matter, length and surface), mineral concentrations and carbohydrate concentrations in leaves cell wall. High or low rates of both calcium and boron had resulted in changes in anatomical characteristics of perennial soybean. When boron was supplied at 10 µmol L-1 plants presented deformed new leaves and abnormal root system growth.

O objeto desta pesquisa é o desempenho térmico do sistema passivo parede Trombe para aquecimento e arrefecimento. O objetivo é avaliar o desempenho térmico dessa tecnologia específica, nesse caso, no clima da cidade de São Paulo. Os métodos utilizados foram a execução do projeto com diretrizes originadas da literatura científica, a construção de dois protótipos, o monitoramento térmico desses protótipos, o tratamento dos dados e a análise e interpretação destes. Os resultados mostram o desempenho encontrado para o clima da cidade de São Paulo e apontam para novas possibilidades de pesquisas. / The object of this research is the thermal performance of the Trombe wall passive system for heating and cooling. The objective is the evaluation of the environmental performance of this technology, in this case, in the climate of the city of São Paulo. The methods used were the execution of a project with guidelines originated from scientific literature, the construction of two prototypes and their thermal monitoring, data treatment and their analyses and interpretation. The results show the performance of the system for the climate of the city of São Paulo and point out to new research possibilities.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:38:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Boris Brancaglion Keiserman.pdf: 560389 bytes, checksum: 140ad861b2701396254e66d5ebc24c9c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-10-18 / The use of social networking sites on the internet is a phenomenon of growing importance in our everyday life. With over 37 million users in Brazil and 1 billion worldwide, Facebook is today the most popular social networking site in the West. A great number of books and magazine articles have dedicated their pages to Facebook, how it has changed our lives and how some lives have become it´s hostage. This dissertation is an attempt to understand the significance of Facebook to its users, aiming to comprehend what is written, how it´s written and why information is published on Facebook. It is an exploratory study, which has as an objective to analyze information posted on the Facebook Wall by participants of a social network trying to understand the different types of interactions which occur between the network´s users. A qualitative analysis was conducted referring to 72 hours of wall activity on a Facebook user´s all and then the category which was targeted as the one generating the greater number of responses was qualitatively analyzed. We have concluded that publications with personal reports are of extreme importance in maintaining Facebook activity, disclosing emotional content which aid in maintaining the user´s offline social network active. It is a way of maintaining a support network in an easy and efficient fashion / O uso de redes sociais virtuais na internet é um fenômeno de crescente importância na vida cotidiana . Com mais de 37 milhões de usuários no Brasil e 1 bilhão no mundo, o Facebook é hoje a rede social virtual mais popular no Ocidente. Muitos livros e artigos de revistas dedicam suas páginas para discorrer sobre o Facebook, como ele mudou nossas vidas e como tornou algumas vidas reféns. Esse trabalho buscou compreender o significado do Facebook para seus usuários, por meio do que se escreve, como se escreve e porque se escreve. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório, que tem por objetivo analisar informações postadas no mural do Facebook por participantes de uma rede social, buscando compreender o tipo de interações que ocorrem na rede entre seus participantes. Para tanto, foi realizada uma análise quantitativa sobre dados recortados por um período de 72 horas de atividade de um mural do Facebook e posteriormente foram analisadas qualitativamente as publicações dentro das que mais geraram respostas por parte dos próprios usuários da rede. Concluímos que os relatos pessoais dos usuários são de extrema importância na manutenção da atividade do Facebook, pois fazem referência a conteúdos afetivos, que ajudam na manutenção das redes sociais off-line dos usuários. Portanto as mensagens postadas permitem aos usuários construir e manter uma rede de apoio ativa, de forma fácil e eficiente

Throughout their careers the Impressionists demonstrated a strong, but rarely examined, interest for decoration. A careful examination of both archival material and well-known artworks produced between 1870 and 1895 shows that Pissarro, Degas, Cézanne, Monet, Renoir, Morisot and Caillebotte never ceased to explore the values of decoration and the decorative. Set in the context of the Third Republic’s passion for monumental decoration and deep interest in the decorative arts, the Impressionists’ experiments range from ceilings to ceramic tiles, and from never achieved projects to ambitious realisations (although none remain in their original location). One painter among those surveyed also engaged with theoretical thinking: Renoir wrote for the press and drew up the drafts of a Grammar mainly focused on the decorative arts. Along with a number of artworks explicitly designated as decorative that were predominantly exhibited at the Impressionist shows, the Impressionists further produced more than twenty decorative ensembles made for the interiors of amateurs who then became patrons. Renoir, who started his career as a painter on porcelain, worked in the 1870s for the Parisian homes of a Romanian aristocrat, prince Bibesco, and of a leading publisher, Georges Charpentier, but also for the country house of Paul Berard. Monet, in a similar fashion, painted for the department store magnate Ernest Hoschedé in his property of Montgeron. Initially publicised by the painters in the 1870s, the decade on which this thesis focuses, the Impressionists’ decorative works were subsequently undertaken more quietly though continuously. Morisot painted a chimney trumeau for her own salon, to which Monet gave a pendant (they were eventually used as overdoor panels). Monet and Renoir also painted door-panels for Durand-Ruel. None of these later schemes were actually promoted towards a wide public, showing how the Impressionists’ commitment to painting decorations went from a strategic (and partly commercial) vision to embody a deeper reflection on the essence of painting and its relation to the wall – a reflection that the larger dissertation submitted to the Université de Bourgogne embraces. The critics’ attention, however, went the opposite way. It grew from a relative but highly meaningful disinterest to making the decorative key to their approach at the turn of the century, but in all situations, mocking or praising, their comments shed a crucial light on the Impressionist’s enterprises and their relations to the society’s concerns. An analysis of the Impressionists’ decorative experiments and their critical reception encourages, as this thesis aims to demonstrate, a reconsideration of our vision of Impressionism, for its development drew much more from the decorative than has so far been discussed.

The incidence of disease of the cardiovascular system is very high and increasing worldwide, especially in the developing world. The radial and ulnar arteries are implicated in some important ailments where blood flow related parameters such as flow rate (FR), wall shear rate (WSR), arterial wall motion (AWM) and pressure, all of which can be measured using ultrasound techniques, are useful in diagnosis and patient management. However these measurements are prone to error due to the manner of image formation and the complex flow conditions within the vessels. In this thesis, the errors in ultrasound-measured parameters in the radial and ulnar arteries are investigated using experimental phantoms, computer simulation and on volunteers. Using the Womersley theory, FR and WSR were estimated using a clinical ultrasound scanner with the pulsed wave (PW) mode and B mode. Experimental flow phantoms were designed to evaluate those measurements under different circumstances. A simulation technique which combined image-based computational fluid dynamics and ultrasound simulation was also used to evaluate ultrasound estimation of these parameters. A case study was then conducted on healthy volunteers to evaluate the method of measuring FR and WSR in-vivo. For the AWM in the radial artery, an auto-correlation method was used based on the radio-frequency (RF) data and validations were done by a flow phantom, simulation, and in-vivo trial. The blood pressure waveform in a volunteer’s radial artery was derived from the ultrasound measured AWM and compared with the waveform from a tonometry. FR and WSR were both found to be overestimated by up to 50%, mainly due to the beam-vessel angle in the PW Doppler ultrasound. Measurement of the vessel diameter and assumption of the blood flow direction can also influence the estimations. Other factors, such as flow amplitude, vessel size, imaging depth and flow waveforms, do not seem to affect the estimation of these two parameters. Results taken from the flow phantoms agree with those from simulation and the estimations from the in-vivo case study also agree with the published data. The auto-correlation method for the AWM was validated from the phantom and simulation. It is able to detect motion amplitude of about tens of micrometres. The trial on volunteers proved the feasibility of this motion detection method. Blood pressure waveforms at the radial artery of a volunteer, derived from this ultrasound-measured wall motion and from the tonometry, were very similar. The Womersley-based method is able to estimate the FR and WSR in the radial and ulnar arteries with high accuracy. Sources of the error and their magnitudes in estimation of the two parameters by ultrasound pointed out in this thesis are beam-vessel angle, vessel diameter measurement and flow direction assumption. Researchers and clinicians using these measurements in practice and research should be aware. The capability of ultrasound imaging to measure arterial AWM in the radial artery is demonstrated and it is found that the blood pressure waveform can also be derived from the arterial AWM.

One of the challenges in the 21st Century is to overcome the recalcitrance of lignocellulose for the production of liquid biofuels. Lignin is one of the key factors in this recalcitrance. Grasses such as Miscanthus and switchgrass could become major sources of lignocellulose. Barley has potential as a genetically-tractable research model for such novel bioenergy crops and also as a bioenergy crop itself. This thesis concerns the 4CL and the CCR enzymes on the lignin pathway which were chosen as the targets to manipulate lignin in barley. They were selected because there is evidence that suppression of each of them in dicot species can lead to increased saccharification. The 4CL and CCR genes constitute multigene families where members have different expression patterns. RNAi was used to down-regulate 4CL1 and CCR1 using a constitutive promoter via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of barley. From an extensive screen of the primary transformants for changes in protein level and lignin content, six CCR and four 4CL lines were taken forward for detailed analysis. Antibodies were also raised against barley 4CL and CCR recombinant proteins and these showed substantial reductions in the respective target protein levels in the RNAi lines. Both 4CL and CCR transgenic lines had significant reductions in lignin content, and CCR lines had changes in lignin structure due to changes in the proportions of acid soluble and acid insoluble lignin. No substantial consistent adverse effects on key agronomic traits were apparent in the 4CL and CCR transgenics. Selected 4CL and CCR transgenics had improved saccharification yield after using three different pretreatment methods, which is a desirable feature for biofuel production.

Submitted by Wallison Medeiros (wamedeiros@hotmail.com) on 2019-01-22T10:58:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Medeiros_WA.pdf: 11036463 bytes, checksum: 842aff888e052eb4d2fc0aa7a42f3484 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Lucas Paganine (lucaspaganine@ibict.br) on 2019-02-05T16:59:15Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Medeiros_WA.pdf: 11036463 bytes, checksum: 842aff888e052eb4d2fc0aa7a42f3484 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2019-02-05T16:59:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Medeiros_WA.pdf: 11036463 bytes, checksum: 842aff888e052eb4d2fc0aa7a42f3484 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018 / This research presents a study on the behavior of precast concrete frames with participating masonry infill to be considered in the design of a building lateral load bracing system. The study brings a literature review on the topic. An experimental testing of a reinforced concrete frame infilled or not with masonry is used to calibrate a finite element model using the Simulia Abaqus 2017 package. The model uses concrete damage plasticity to consider both the concrete and the masonry behaviour. Embedded elements are used to consider rebars inside the concrete. Masonry elements are considered homogeneous with contact surfaces along the concrete-masonry interface. After the properties were calibrated the numerical models showed excellent accuracy when compared to the experimental tests. Precast concrete frames, whose dimensions and properties were from a real case, was then modelled with and without the participating masonry frame. The column-corbel and beam connection was modelled with solid elements with contact surface on the interface allowing to close represent its behaviour. Models considered a frame with one, five and ten storeys, two masonry strength and the use or nor of a mortar layer to fix masonry under the concrete beam. Conclusion from the finite element model analyses indicate the influence of each parameter on the system behaviour. The FEM results were then used to calibrate the width of a diagonal truss to be used in simple bar element models. Finally, a 3D-frame model was used to evaluate a actual 10-story precast concrete building considering or not the participating infill masonry. Only two masonry walls, close to the building central core and without openings, were considered yet results indicate great influence on considering the participating infill leading to an efficient building design. Future work is proposed to experimentally evaluate the conclusions from the numerical analyses here reported. / O presente trabalho realizou um estudo sobre o comportamento de estruturas aporticadas em concreto pré-moldado preenchidas com painéis de alvenaria, para fim de contraventamento de edificações, considerando a contribuição dessa alvenaria de preenchimento no pórtico pré-moldado para análise de ações horizontais. O estudo traz uma revisão da literatura sobre o tema. Um ensaio experimental de um pórtico de concreto armado preenchido ou não com alvenaria é usado para calibrar um modelo de elementos finitos usando o pacote Simulia Abaqus 2017. O modelo utiliza o dano plástico do concreto (CDP) para considerar o comportamento do concreto e alvenaria. Elementos embutidos são usados para considerar armaduras dentro do concreto. Os elementos de alvenaria são considerados homogêneos com as superfícies de contato ao longo da interface concreto-alvenaria. Depois que as propriedades foram calibradas, os modelos numéricos apresentaram excelente precisão quando comparados aos testes experimentais. Os quadros de concreto pré-fabricados, cujas dimensões e propriedades eram de um caso real, foram então modelados com e sem o preenchimento de alvenaria participante. A conexão pilar-viga foi modelada com elementos sólidos com superfície de contato na interface permitindo representar seu comportamento. Os modelos considerados foram um quadro com um, cinco e dez andares, duas resistências de alvenaria e o uso ou não de uma camada de argamassa para fixar alvenaria sob a viga de concreto. A conclusão das análises do modelo de elementos finitos indica a influência de cada parâmetro no comportamento do sistema. Os resultados de MEF foram utilizados para calibrar a largura de uma diagonal equivalente para ser usado em modelos simples de elementos de barras. Finalmente, um modelo de pórticos em 3D foi usado para avaliar um prédio de concreto pré-moldado de 10 andares, considerando ou não a alvenaria participante. Apenas duas paredes de alvenaria, perto do núcleo central do edifício e sem aberturas foram consideradas, os resultados indicam grande influência ao considerar o preenchimento participante, levando a um projeto de construção eficiente. O trabalho futuro é proposto para avaliar experimentalmente as conclusões das análises numéricas aqui relatadas.

De todas as adaptações que as plantas sofreram durante a evolução, a aquisição do sistema vascular à 400 milhões de anos atrás, foi sem dúvida um evento decisivo para sua bem sucedida existência na terra. A madeira é considerada o mais importante recurso natural de energia renovável e o setor econômico baseado na produção florestal cresce a cada ano. Inúmeros fatores como rápida taxa de crescimento, grande produção de biomassa, adaptabilidade a diversos ambientes e solos, boa qualidade de madeira para produção de uma ampla gama de produtos e presença de celulose de fibra curta, ideal para a produção de papel e celulose, contribuíram para o grande sucesso das espécies de Eucalyptus e tornaram o Brasil o maior produtor mundial de celulose de fibra curta utilizando o eucalipto como matéria prima. Devido à reconhecida importância econômica e também ambiental das árvores, o desenvolvimento do sistema vascular se tornou um importante e fascinante processo biológico para se estudar. No entanto, existe ainda pouco conhecimento sobre os processos celulares, moleculares e bioquímicos envolvidos na formação da madeira. Dessa forma, no presente trabalho foi utilizada a técnica de SAGE (Serial Analysis of Gene Expression) para caracterizar o perfil transcricional do caule de plantas de E. grandis com 6 meses de idade. A partir do sequenciamento de 826 clones, foi possível analisar 2.274 tags/genes, sendo que 989 (43,5%) genes puderam ser identificados e ter uma possível função atribuída. Genes que codificam enzimas e proteínas muito importantes durante o processo de formação da madeira, como aqueles relacionados à biossíntese e deposição da parede celular e organização do citoesqueleto, apresentaram elevada expressão, sendo possível ainda sugerir a ocorrência de possíveis mecanismos comuns de controle transcricional para grupos de genes funcionalmente relacionados. A posterior comparação com as proteínas identificadas por espectrometria de massas através do sistema LC-MS/MS a partir do mesmo material biológico mostrou que muitos desses genes representam também as proteínas mais abundantes. Juntamente com outros projetos que vêm sendo desenvolvidos no laboratório, o presente trabalho contribuiu para a construção de um banco de dados local com informações do transcritoma e do proteoma de diferentes idades e tecidos, fornecendo uma visão global sobre os genes envolvidos no processo de formação da madeira e possivelmente responsáveis pelo rápido crescimento nas espécies de Eucalyptus, indicando importantes alvos para futuros programas de melhoramento. / From the numerous adaptations that plants have developed during evolution, the acquisition of the vascular system some 400 million years ago was been a decisive event for their successful existence on earth. Wood is considered the most important natural resource of renewable energy and the Forest-based economical sector grows every year. Several factors like the fast growth rate, large biomass production, adaptability to a wide range of environments and soils, good wood quality for the production of a wide range of products and the presence of short cellulose fiber, suitable for pulp and paper production, have contributed to the great success of Eucalyptus species making Brazil the main producer of short cellulose fiber using eucalypt as raw material. Due to the recognized economical and also environmental importance of trees, the development of the vascular system became an important and fascinating biological process to study. However, little is known about the cellular, molecular and biochemical processes involved in wood formation. In this way, in the current work SAGE (Serial Analysis of Gene Expression) technique was used to characterize the transcriptional profile in stems of 6 months old Eucalyptus grandis. From the sequencing of 826 clones, it was possible to analyse 2,274 tags/genes, and 989 (43,5%) genes could be identified and to have a possible function attributed. Genes that code for enzymes and proteins important for wood formation process, like those related to cell wall biosynthesis and deposition, and cytoskeleton organization had high expression, making it possible to suggest the occurrence of a common transcriptional control for a few functionally related genes. The posterior comparison with the set of proteins identified by LC ESI-MS/MS from the same biological material showed that some of these genes also represent the most abundant proteins. Taken together with other projects that are being developed in the laboratory, the present work contributed for the construction of a local data-base with transcriptome and proteome information from different ages and tissues, giving a global vision of the genes involved in the wood formation process and potentially responsible for the fast growth in the Eucalyptus species, indicating important targets for future breedings programs.

Cette thèse porte sur la force de résistance au mouvement à faible vitesse d'un objet (sphère, cylindre ou disque) dans un empilement de grains dense et sec. Des expériences ont été menées sur deux dispositifs permettant un mouvement à vitesse contrôlée, en s’intéressant à l’influence des tailles des objets et des grains, des conditions aux limites de l’empilement, de la gravité, et d’une éventuelle vibration de l’empilement. Dans un premier dispositif expérimental permettant un mouvement vertical, nous avons consacré une partie importante de ce travail à l'étude de la forte asymétrie de la force lors de cycles de pénétration/extraction d’un cylindre horizontal et d’une sphère. Pour tenter de comprendre l'origine de cette asymétrie, différentes conditions aux limites ont été considérées : parois rigides ou souples sur les côtés ou au fond de l’empilement, surface libre ou surmontée d’un couvercle plus ou moins chargé en haut de l’empilement. La longueur caractéristique issue du champ de vitesse des grains autour d'un cylindre a été montrée comme la longueur pertinente à considérer pour le confinement latéral, ainsi que pour les déformations de la surface libre telles que la formation d’un cratère consécutif à la pénétration ou d’une bosse lors de l’extraction. Ces déformations peuvent être retrouvées par intégration d’un modèle de champ de vitesse autour de l’objet. La présence d'un couvercle chargé a par ailleurs permis de mettre en évidence une riche et complexe variété de comportements, notamment en extraction où la force ne diminue plus avec la profondeur de l’objet. Dans un second dispositif permettant le mouvement horizontal d’un gros disque intrus à l’intérieur d’une couche de petits disques photoélastiques vibrés ou non, nous avons mesuré la force globale sur l’intrus et visualisé les distributions de contraintes au sein du milieu granulaire. Au-delà des importantes fluctuations spatio-temporelles, des valeurs moyennes de force sur l’intrus et des tenseurs locaux de contraintes et taux de déformations autour de l’intrus ont pu être obtenus, dans la perspective d’établir une loi de comportement locale pour le milieu. La vibration de la couche de grains a été montré pouvoir changer considérablement la dépendance de la force avec la vitesse de l’intrus, avec un effet de fluidification du milieu. / This thesis focuses on the force of resistance to the slow motion of an object (sphere, cylinder or disk) in a dense and dry granular medium. Experiments were conducted using two devices that permitted movement at constant velocity, with the aim of studying the influence of the object size, the grain size, the boundary conditions, and vibration of the grains. Using the first device in which the object moved vertically, we studied in detail the strong asymmetry of the resistance force during cycles of penetration/withdrawal of a horizontal cylinder and a sphere. In an attempt to understand the origin of this asymmetry, we implemented different boundary conditions: rigid and deformable walls on the sides and/or the bottom of the device, and free and quasi-rigid (loaded cover) conditions at the top. Previous work has shown that the characteristic length scale of the velocity field around a moving cylinder is the relevant length for both the lateral confinement and the deformation of the free surface, such as the formation of a crater during penetration or a mound during withdrawal. These deformation fields can be found by integrating a model of the velocity field around the object. Our use of a loaded-cover boundary condition has also revealed a variety of complex behaviors, including a force that no longer decreases with the depth of the object during the withdrawal phase. The second device allows the horizontal movement of a large hard intruder into a monolayer of small photoelastic disks which could be vibrated or not. Using this, we measured the overall force on the intruder and visualized the stress distribution in the granular medium. We were able to measure not only the large spatio-temporal velocity fluctuations, but also average values of the force on the intruder and the local stress and strain rate tensors around it, which allowed us to determine a local constitutive law for the medium. Finally, we have shown that vibration of the grains significantly changes the dependence of the force on the intruder speed, indicating a fluidization effect.

Abstract Aim. The aim of the study was to identify what abilities that elite players in badminton develop through playing. The purpose of doing this, was to get an insight into the most skillful player’s specific abilities. To investigate what you ”can do when you can do” is of great importance for teaching sports. Hopefully this study can contribute to developing methods for teaching net-, and wall games and in the larger perspective also other categories of sports. The research question is therefore: What does it mean to master badminton? Method. Four elite players in badminton, divided into two pairs, played a singles game against each other, over three sets. The match was video-recorded. The participants watched the recorded material and subsequently a semi-structured interview was carried out. At the interview both of the players, as well as the researcher participated. Data has been processed using a step-by-step method described by Tenenbaum & Driscoll (2005). Results. A total of seven categories of abilities were identified: - Abilty to assess the ball trajectory and impact point. - Ability to very quickly reevaluate your decision, during ongoing play. - Ability to assess risk versus opportunity during play, by assessing your own and the opponent’s abilities. - Ability to adjust movements with the purpose of changing one’s tactics. - Ability to perform actions that can give you a mental advantage. - Ability to evaluate and reevaluate one and several strokes ahead. - Ability to assess probabilities and responding by making desicions on the court. Conclusion. A clear emphasis, with the elite players, lies on tactic understanding based on experience ot the game. It gives us an indication that focus in training should lie on a game based approach that trains the complex abilities needed to play the game. Therefore one should be doing less of repetitive training and focus more on exercises based on the game’s tactical idea, so called idea based training and devote themselves a lot to playing the game in modified exercises, adapted to the participant’s level. Development happens in interplay continually with your opponent. / Sammanfattning Syfte och frågeställningar. Målet med studien var att identifiera vad det är för förmågor som Elitspelare i badminton besitter. Syftet med att göra detta, var att få en insikt i de duktigaste spelarnas specifika förmågor. Att utröna vad man ”kan när man kan” är av stor vikt för att utveckla metoder för undervisning i idrottslära. Förhoppningen är att denna studie skall bidra till att vidareutveckla metoder för undervisning i nätspel och i ett större perspektiv även andra kategorier av idrotter. Frågeställningen är därför: Vad kan en spelare som behärskar badminton? Metod. Fyra elitseriespelare i badminton, indelade i två par, har spelat en singelmatch mot varandra över tre set. Deltagarna har därefter fått se det filmade materialet och en semi-strukturerad intervju har genomförts. Vid intervjun var båda spelarna, samt intervjuforskaren deltagande. Data har bearbetats enligt stegvis metod beskriven av Tenenbaum & Driscoll (Tenenbaum & Driscoll 2005). Resultat. Totalt delförmågor identifierades: - Förmåga att bedöma bollens bana och nedslagsplats. - Förmåga att mycket snabbt omvärdera sitt beslut under pågående spel. - Förmåga till bedömning av risk kontra möjlighet under pågående spel, utifrån en bedömning av sina och motståndarens egenskaper. - Förmåga att anpassa sina rörelser med syfte att förändra sin taktik. - Förmåga att utföra handlingar som ger ett mentalt övertag. - Förmåga att värdera och omvärdera ett och flera slag framåt. - Förmåga till sannolikhetsbedömning och att omsätta denna i beslut på banan. Slutsats. Tydlig tonvikt, hos elitspelarna, ligger på taktisk förståelse baserad på erfarenhet av spelet. Det ger oss en indikation på att fokus i träningen bör ligga på spelliknande övningar som tränar de komplexa förmågor som krävs i spelet. Detta pekar mot att man bör minska på mängden repetitiv träning och fokusera mer på övningar som baseras på spelets taktiska idé, s.k. idébaserad träning och ägna sig mycket åt att spela spelet i modifierade övningar, anpassade efter utövarnas nivå. Utvecklingen sker i ständig växelverkan med din motståndare.