At least 30 million men are infertile around the world, identifying male factor infertility as a global health issue. In the past 70 years, evidence of a significant general decline in sperm quality has been reported, prompting concerns about the implications for reproductive health. Over the same period, there have been substantial changes in human lifestyles. New technologies, such as mobile phones and wi-fi, have been proposed to have a negative impact on a range of health outcomes, from an increased risk of cancer to a decrease in fertility. However, these links remain controversial. Over the last 30 years, the introduction of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) has offered infertile patients, particularly men with severe male factor infertility, a successful treatment option. However, miscarriage rates associated with fertility treatment can be as high as 30% and how this risk had changed over time was unclear. In addition, there are natural fluctuations in human health, including seasonal changes to birth rates. However, the clinical implications of these fluctuations need to be established. In this thesis, using an integrated approach that combined epidemiological research with laboratory investigations, I show that sperm quality is negatively affected by exposure to RF-EMR from mobile phones and wi-fi. I also identified a seasonal summer increase in sperm motility and morphology that followed patterns of seasonality in birth rates and in the success of assisted conception cycles. I showed that although the number of successful conceptions from ART has increased over time, there has been an equal increase in miscarriage rates. Male reproductive health continues to be under-researched when compared with the female, this inequality needs to be addressed in order to understand the causes of the decline in male fertility and the relationship this has with subsequent reproductive success.

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Positioning in environments where GPS is absent is a field currently under intensive research.Systems are currently being researched or designed for indoor use, often relying on ultra-wideband radio, ultrasound, fingerprinting or Wi-Fi.For underground mining, the problem is magnified, as installation of new equipment is expensive.Mobilaris Mining and Civil Engineering AB supplies a service, Mobilaris Mining Intelligence, using existing Wi-Fi infrastructure present in many mines for communication, and has developed two Wi-Fi-based positioning methods and one hybrid system, using dead reckoning and gyroscope.The first positioning method, Positioning Method 1, positions resources at the location of the strongest access point.The other positioning method, Positioning Method 4, uses signal strength values to construct an area where the tag is likely to be, similar to a Venn diagram. This thesis proposes a Quality of Positioning system to dynamically and select the best of all available positioning systems for every object to be positioned.This should be trained automatically by ``light vehicles'', such as service pickup trucks, equipped with the hybrid positioning system acting as reference values.Testing was done at the Kristineberg Mine in Västerbotten, Sweden, using a pickup truck equipped with the hybrid positioning system and Wi-Fi personnel positioning tags.It was found that the difference between the two positioning methods was not statistically significant, and that the hybrid positioning system was insufficiently accurate to act as a reference value. This thesis further revealed that the architecture of Mobilaris Mining Intelligence makes implementing a dynamic system impractical.Although planned for, the dynamic Quality of Positioning system was not implemented due to being deemed too impractical, complex and time-consuming compared to the benefit it would have provided.A high-level description of such an implementation is however presented, should it be motivated by future studies.

Rising infection rates in healthcare is a global issue that causes complications for the patient, extended hospital stay, financial difficulties, and even death. One of the crucial factors that reduce those infections is better hand hygiene. Due to the lack of automated systems that can help monitoring hand hygiene compliance and reporting on collected data, some hospitals use direct observations, surveys, dispensers usage measurements and other such methods to monitor the compliance of care providers. This thesis proposes an alternative system that takes advantage of emerging off-the-shelf infrastructures in hospitals, and in particular of Real-Time Location Systems (RTLS) and intelligent hand sanitizer dispensers. Our RTLS-based system improves upon the current methods by enabling interactions with care providers through notifications when they do not execute expected hand hygiene actions during care processes, even for fine-grained location situations and by introducing the concept of intelligent dispensers. RHMNS (RTLS-based Hand Hygiene Monitoring and Notification System) has two approaches (time-based and activation-based) that are sharing the same structure but they are different in their way of deciding on taken or missed hand hygiene opportunities. RHMNS also provides informative reports about hand hygiene compliance and trends.

While GPS long has been an industry standard for localization of an entity or person anywhere in the world, it loses much of its accuracy and value when used indoors. To enable services such as indoor navigation, other methods must be used. A new standard of the Wi-Fi protocol, IEEE 802.11mc (Wi-Fi RTT), enables distance estimation between the transmitter and the receiver based on the Round-Trip Time (RTT) delay of the signal. Using these distance estimations and the known locations of the transmitting Access Points (APs), an estimation of the receiver’s location can be determined. In this thesis, a smartphone Wi-Fi RTT based Indoor Positioning System (IPS) is presented using an Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF). The UKF using only RTT based distance estimations as input, is established as a baseline implementation. Two extensions are then presented to improve the positioning performance; 1) a dead reckoning algorithm using smartphone sensors part of the Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) as an additional input to the UKF, and 2) a method to detect and adjust distance measurements that have been made in Non-Line-of-Sight (NLoS) conditions. The implemented IPS is evaluated in an office environment in both favorable situations (plenty of Line-of-Sight conditions) and sub-optimal situations (dominant NLoS conditions). Using both extensions, meter level accuracy is achieved in both cases as well as a 90th percentile error of less than 2 meters.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第23178号 / 工博第4822号 / 新制||工||1753(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院工学研究科都市社会工学専攻 / (主査)教授 山田 忠史, 教授 藤井 聡, 准教授 SCHMOECKER Jan-Dirk / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

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A measuring system Striton has been developed at the department of biomedicalengineering, University Hospital of Umeå, for motion analysis using motion sensors whichattaches to the patient’s lower body to assess the risk for potential neurological andmusculoskeletal damage. The measuring system is comprised of two motion sensor unitsand a remote control where data is gathered based on step height, step width, theorientation of the calves and step frequency. The motion sensor units which attach to thecalves are comprised of a MCU with a built in Wi-Fi module, a IMU and and time-of-flightsensors. Data is transferred through Wi-Fi and stored on a SD-card as CSV-files on theremote control which is comprised of a Raspberry Pi Zero WH running a Linux operatingsystem (Raspbian). The remote control also has the functions to initiate and complete ameasurement as well as mark an event. The extraction of data from the remote control toanother unit for analysis occurs through SSH and SFTP using third-party programs whichmay require technical knowledge. A unique software was designed specifically for Stritonfor the operating system Windows 10 using Visual Studio (2019) which provides thefunctions to connect to a predefined Wi-Fi access point as well as automatically reconnectto previously connected access point at shutdown, connect through SFTP, list the savedfiles on the remote control, perform file operations, synchronize the date and time on theremote control as well as change settings in the software which is saved locally in a settingsfile. The user interface is minimalistic with the intention to reduce complexity and timerequirement to extract the data from the measuring system Striton. / Ett mätsystem Striton har utvecklats av CMTS, Medicinsk Teknik – FoU på NorrlandsUniversitetssjukhus för rörelseanalys med hjälp av rörelsesensorer som fästs på patientensunderben för att bedöma en potentiell neurologisk samt muskuloskeletal skada.Mätsystemet består av två sensorenheter samt en fjärrkontroll där data samlas in baseratpå höjd av steg, stegbredd, underbenens orientering samt stegfrekvens. Sensorenheternasom fästs på underbenen består av en MCU med inbyggd Wi-Fi modul, IMU och time-offlight sensorer. Data förs över via Wi-Fi och lagras på ett SD-kort i form av CSV-filer påfjärrkontrollen beståendes av en Raspberry Pi Zero WH som driver ett Linuxoperativsystem (Raspbian). Fjärrkontrollen har även funktionerna att kunna starta ochstoppa en mätning samt markera en händelse. Extrahering av data från fjärrkontrollen tillen annan enhet för analys sker via SSH och SFTP med hjälp av tredjepartsprogram som kankräva teknisk kunskap. En unik programvara designades specifikt för Striton tilloperativsystemet Windows 10 i miljön Visual Studio (2019) och tillhandahålleregenskaperna att kunna ansluta till en bestämd Wi-Fi åtkomstpunkt samt automatisktåteransluta till föregående åtkomstpunkt vid avslut, ansluta via SFTP, visa sparade filer frånfjärrkontrollen, utföra filoperationer, synkronisera datum och tid på fjärrkontrollen samtändra inställningar i programvaran som sparas i en lokal inställningsfil. Gränssnittet ärminimalistiskt med syfte att reducera komplexiteten samt tidsåtgången för extrahering avdata från mätsystemet Striton.

The diploma thesis describe design and realization of smart energy meter. The smart energy meter allows remote reading of the measured values and with connected externals modules also switching of connected load. The theoretical part covered measured values definition, required function analysis, components selection and design of smart energy meter. The practical part deal with firmware development, programming, remote control and reading of the measured values. The final chapter deal with realization and calibration of the smart energy meter.

Zariadenia, na ktoré sa každodenne spoliehame, sú stále zložitejšie a využívajú zložitejšie protokoly. Jedným z týchto protokolov je Wi-Fi. S rastúcou zložitosťou sa zvyšuje aj potenciál pre implementačné chyby. Táto práca skúma Wi-Fi protokol a použitie fuzz testingu pre generovanie semi-validných vstupov, ktoré by mohli odhaliť zraniteľné miesta v zariadeniach. Špeciálna pozornosť bola venovaná testovaniu Wi-Fi v systéme ESP32 a ESP32-S2. Výsledkom práce je fuzzer vhodný pre testovanie akéhokoľvek Wi-Fi zariadenia, monitorovací nástroj špeciálne pre ESP32 a sada testovacích programov pre ESP32. Nástroj neodhalil žiadne potenciálne zraniteľnosti.