Introdução - Abelhas (Apis) e vespídeos causam problemas tanto ao homem quanto aos animais, podendo ocasionar manifestações de hipersensibilidade e choque anafilático em conseqüência da ferroada. Após o processo de hibridização as abelhas tornaram-se mais produtivas, porém, mais defensivas e devido às alterações antrópicas, encontraram na cidade locais de nidificação. Existe na capital paulista desde 1994 um serviço realizado pelo Centro de Controle de Zoonoses da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde, que retira colméias e enxames de abelhas e vespídeos, conforme solicitações dos munícipes. As informações dessas atividades foram disponibilizadas para estudo. Objetivo - Mapear regiões da cidade de São Paulo com registros de maior concentração de colméias e enxames de abelhas e vespídeos, locais de nidificação, além de sugerir medidas para orientação da população. Métodos - Utilizar dados secundários oriundos de solicitações atendidas durante o período de agosto de 2002 a julho de 2005, e por meio de uma planilha compilar as informações e cruzar às variáveis estudadas. Resultados - No período estudado, foram totalizados 9.190 solicitações entre abelhas melíferas africanizadas e vespídeos. Houve maior frequência no atendimento para vespídeos. A distribuição ocorreu por todo o município, tendo a região leste maior frequência de vespídeos e a região sul maior frequência de abelhas melíferas africanizadas. No período em estudo ocorreram 1.944 acidentes com vítimas. Quanto aos locais de nidificação, o forro de residências e edificações foi o mais utilizado tanto para abelhas melíferas africanizadas como vespídeos. Conclusões Meses que correspondem a estações mais quentes, apresentam maior concentração de atendimentos. As solicitações para atendimento a vespídeos foi maior. Verifica-se distribuição por todo o município e grande diversidade nos locais utilizados para nidificação. / Bees (Apis) and wasps cause problems both to man and animals, and they may generate manifestations of hypersensibility and anaphylactic chock due to stings. After the hybridization process bees have become more productive, however, more defensive and due to anthropic alterations, they have found in the city some nesting places. There is in the Capital of the State of Sao Paulo since 1994 a service undertaken by the Zoonosis Control Center from the Municipal Health Secretariat, which collects beehives and bee and wasp swarms, under the request of local inhabitants. Information related to this activity has been made available for study. To map the regions in the city of Sao Paulo with a record of a greater concentration of beehives and bee and wasp swarms, and nesting places, besides suggesting measures to guide the population. To use secondary data derived from requests serviced during the period of August 2002 to July 2005, and through a spreadsheet to compile information and analyze the studied variables. In the studied period, 9.190 requests were counted among Africanized honeybees and wasps. There was some frequency in requests of servicing to deal with wasp problems. The distribution was verified all throughout the municipality, while the Eastern region presented a greater frequency of wasps and the Southern region a greater frequency of Africanized honeybees. In study period there were 1.944 accidents with victims. As regards nesting places, the lining of residences and edifications has been the most used location both to Africanized honeybees and wasps. The months corresponding to the hottest seasons, present a greater concentration of services. Requests of services to deal with wasp related problems were the greatest. It may be verified a distribution in the entire municipality and a great diversity of places used for nesting.

Cynipid gall formation is achieved by the intimate insect-plant interaction where by cynipid wasps redirect host plant development to form novel structures to protect and nourish the developing larva. To investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in this interaction, and extend our understanding of plant development, four approaches were taken. 1) A PCR based approach to search for genes to known signalling molecules: chitiooligosaccharides, or Nod factors, that control nodulation in the Rhizobia-legume interaction. PCR analysis was used to investigate the presence of the nodC gene in the cynipid gall wasp genome,h owever, no nodC-like sequencesw ere found. 2) SDS-PAGE analysis was carried out to compare inner-gall and non-gall protein signatures, demonstrating the variation between gall and non-gall tissue, and also that the protein signatures of inner-gall tissues vary between gall species. N-terminal sequencing and western blot analysis lead to the identification of a number of innergall proteins such as protein disulphide isomerase (PDI), formate dehydrogenase (FDH) and putative biotin carboxyl carrier protein (BCCP), involved in the synthesis of lipids in seeds. Analysis of the temporal and spatial expression of the putative BCCP revealed expression to be concentrated in the inner-gall cells throughout development, in all the gall species tested. 3) Cytological analysis of the inner-gall tissue was carried out throughout development of several gall species to investigate differences in their patterns of development and cytological characteristics of the inner-gall tissue, with many inner-gall cells being polytene. 4) A gall formation bioassay, to enable the activity of possible signals involved in gall formation to be tested, was developed. Rose callus tissue was used as a test tissue and the cynipid larval extract was exposed to this as a source of the active molecules. The induction of proteins in the callus after exposure to the larval extract was used as a molecular marker for activity. The polytene characteristic and the possible expression of seed proteins, suggest that seed developmental pathways may be used during gall formation.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-05-03Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:40:53Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 jacomini_dlj_dr_rcla_parcial.pdf: 158359 bytes, checksum: 5b3ccdcc2d04ce3c969f5033ea58d88b (MD5) Bitstreams deleted on 2015-05-28T14:25:07Z: jacomini_dlj_dr_rcla_parcial.pdf,. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-05-28T14:26:12Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000713709.pdf: 1594949 bytes, checksum: 3eda36f23e8872cc034c5b89501ce98a (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / A vespa social Polybia paulista tem sido muito estudada nos campos da bioquímica, proteômica e imunologia pelas suas características de habitat, composição de seu veneno e pelas conseqüencias dos acidentes decorrentes de suas ferroadas. O cDNA de hialuronidase (GI: 302201582), um dos principais alérgenos desse veneno, foi clonado em vetores de expressão - pET-28a e pPICZA - em bactéria Escherichia coli DE3 (BL21) e em levedura Pichia pastoris, respectivamente. A proteína Hyal recombinante (Pp-Hyal-rec) de bactéria foi expressa em corpúsculos de inclusão, enquanto que a de levedura na forma solúvel. Ambas foram purificadas por cromatografia de afinidade em resina Ni2+ (Ni-NTA-Agarose). A proteína nativa de Hyal (Pp-Hyal-nat) também foi obtida e purificada até a homogeneidade por meio de cromatografia de troca catiônica em coluna Hiprep FF CM, acoplado a um sistema de Akta FPLC, e as análises realizadas por espectrometria de massa em MALDI ToF/ToF-MS. Anticorpos policlonais foram produzidos em camundongos BALB/c contra a Pp-Hyal-nat e a Pp-Hyal-rec de bactéria, demonstrando alta especificidade nos testes de imunoblotting realizados. Estes alérgenos foram avaliados quanto ao reconhecimento de imunoglobulina E (IgE) Pp-Hyal-específico no soro de pacientes sabidamente alérgicos ao veneno desta vespa. Os soros imunes foram capazes de reconhecer especificamente, em maior intensidade as bandas correspondentes à proteína Pp-Hyal-rec de bactéria (43 kDa) e a Pp-Hyal-rec de levedura (37 kDa) em relação ao alérgeno Pp-Hyal-nat (39 kDa). No extrato de veneno bruto de P. paulista, os soros reconheceram outras proteínas provavelmente correspondentes aos demais alérgenos do veneno, tais como Fosfolipase (37 kDa), Antígeno 5 (25 kDa), e proteases. Os dados aqui obtidos com ambos... / The social wasp Polybia paulista has been well studied in fields of biochemistry, proteomics and immunology due to its habitat characteristics, venom composition and the consequences of accidents arising from their stings. The hyaluronidase cDNA (GI: 302201582), one of the major venom allergens, was cloned into expression vectors - pET-28a and pPICZA - in Escherichia coli DE3 (BL21) and yeast Pichia pastoris, respectively. The recombinant protein Hyal (Pp-Hyal-rec) of bacteria was expressed in inclusion corpuscles, whereas the yeast in soluble form. Both were purified by affinity chromatography on Ni2+ (Ni-NTA-Agarose) resin. The native protein Hyal (Pp-Hyal-nat) was also obtained and purified to homogeneity by cation exchange chromatography on Hiprep CM FF column, to an Akta FPLC coupled system, and the analysis performed by mass spectrometry MALDI ToF / ToF-MS. Polyclonal antibodies were produced in BALB/c mice against Pp-Hyal-nat and Pp-Hyal-rec from bacteria, demonstrating an high specificity in the immunoblotting tests performed. These allergens were evaluated for recognition of immunoglobulin E (IgE) Pp-Hyal-specific in serum from patients known to be allergic to the venom of this wasp. The immune sera were able to recognize specifically in a higher intensity the bands corresponding to protein Pp-Hyal-rec of bacteria (43 kDa) and Pp-Hyal-rec of yeast (37 kDa) in relation to the allergen Pp-Hyal-nat (39 kDa). In the P. paulista crude venom extract, all sera recognized other proteins probably corresponding to other venom allergens, such as phospholipase (37 kD), antigen 5 (25 kDa), and protease. The data obtained here with both recombinant allergens strongly suggest the possibility of using... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Márcia Regina Brochetto Braga / Banca: Ricardo de Lima Zollner / Banca: Susana Margarida Gomes Moreira / Banca: Mario Sergio Palma / Banca: Karen Cristiane Martinez de Moraes / Resumo: A vespa social Polybia paulista tem sido muito estudada nos campos da bioquímica, proteômica e imunologia pelas suas características de habitat, composição de seu veneno e pelas conseqüencias dos acidentes decorrentes de suas ferroadas. O cDNA de hialuronidase (GI: 302201582), um dos principais alérgenos desse veneno, foi clonado em vetores de expressão - pET-28a e pPICZA - em bactéria Escherichia coli DE3 (BL21) e em levedura Pichia pastoris, respectivamente. A proteína Hyal recombinante (Pp-Hyal-rec) de bactéria foi expressa em corpúsculos de inclusão, enquanto que a de levedura na forma solúvel. Ambas foram purificadas por cromatografia de afinidade em resina Ni2+ (Ni-NTA-Agarose). A proteína nativa de Hyal (Pp-Hyal-nat) também foi obtida e purificada até a homogeneidade por meio de cromatografia de troca catiônica em coluna Hiprep FF CM, acoplado a um sistema de Akta FPLC, e as análises realizadas por espectrometria de massa em MALDI ToF/ToF-MS. Anticorpos policlonais foram produzidos em camundongos BALB/c contra a Pp-Hyal-nat e a Pp-Hyal-rec de bactéria, demonstrando alta especificidade nos testes de imunoblotting realizados. Estes alérgenos foram avaliados quanto ao reconhecimento de imunoglobulina E (IgE) Pp-Hyal-específico no soro de pacientes sabidamente alérgicos ao veneno desta vespa. Os soros imunes foram capazes de reconhecer especificamente, em maior intensidade as bandas correspondentes à proteína Pp-Hyal-rec de bactéria (43 kDa) e a Pp-Hyal-rec de levedura (37 kDa) em relação ao alérgeno Pp-Hyal-nat (39 kDa). No extrato de veneno bruto de P. paulista, os soros reconheceram outras proteínas provavelmente correspondentes aos demais alérgenos do veneno, tais como Fosfolipase (37 kDa), Antígeno 5 (25 kDa), e proteases. Os dados aqui obtidos com ambos... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The social wasp Polybia paulista has been well studied in fields of biochemistry, proteomics and immunology due to its habitat characteristics, venom composition and the consequences of accidents arising from their stings. The hyaluronidase cDNA (GI: 302201582), one of the major venom allergens, was cloned into expression vectors - pET-28a and pPICZA - in Escherichia coli DE3 (BL21) and yeast Pichia pastoris, respectively. The recombinant protein Hyal (Pp-Hyal-rec) of bacteria was expressed in inclusion corpuscles, whereas the yeast in soluble form. Both were purified by affinity chromatography on Ni2+ (Ni-NTA-Agarose) resin. The native protein Hyal (Pp-Hyal-nat) was also obtained and purified to homogeneity by cation exchange chromatography on Hiprep CM FF column, to an Akta FPLC coupled system, and the analysis performed by mass spectrometry MALDI ToF / ToF-MS. Polyclonal antibodies were produced in BALB/c mice against Pp-Hyal-nat and Pp-Hyal-rec from bacteria, demonstrating an high specificity in the immunoblotting tests performed. These allergens were evaluated for recognition of immunoglobulin E (IgE) Pp-Hyal-specific in serum from patients known to be allergic to the venom of this wasp. The immune sera were able to recognize specifically in a higher intensity the bands corresponding to protein Pp-Hyal-rec of bacteria (43 kDa) and Pp-Hyal-rec of yeast (37 kDa) in relation to the allergen Pp-Hyal-nat (39 kDa). In the P. paulista crude venom extract, all sera recognized other proteins probably corresponding to other venom allergens, such as phospholipase (37 kD), antigen 5 (25 kDa), and protease. The data obtained here with both recombinant allergens strongly suggest the possibility of using... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Orientador: Márcia Regina Brochetto Braga / Coorientador: Mário Sergio Palma / Banca: Henrique Ferreira / Banca: Ricardo de Lima Zollner / Banca: Rogilene Aparecida Prado / Resumo: A fosfolipase A1 é um dos principais alérgenos identificados no veneno do Polybia paulista (Hymenoptera: Vespidae), uma vespa social de elevada importância clínica no sudeste do Brasil. A produção recombinante deste alérgeno contribuirá com o desenvolvimento do diagnóstico molecular de alergia. Neste trabalho é descrita a produção recombinante da fosfolipase A1 de P. paulista (rPoly p 1) no sistema celular Escherichia coli. Elevados níveis da rPoly p 1 na forma insolúvel foram obtidos após expressão na bactéria. A otimização das condições de solubilização permitiu incrementar os níveis de recuperação do alérgeno recombinante. A rPoly p 1 foi purificada (99%) até homogeneidade mediante cromatografia de afinidade em coluna de Ni2+, mostrando valores de rendimento finais de 1.5 g/L de meio de cultura. A forma nativa do alérgeno (nPoly p 1) foi purificada mediante cromatografia de troca catiônica. A rPoly p 1 foi reconhecida pela IgE específica de soros de pacientes sensibilizados ao veneno de P. paulista. O uso da rPoly p 1 permite diferenciar a ocorrência de real dupla sensibilização ao veneno de vespa e formiga ou vespa e abelha da incidência de reatividade cruzada. Soros de pacientes com IgE específica ao veneno de abelha e formiga não reagiram com a rPoly p 1, enquanto que soros de camundongos sensibilizados com rPoly p 1 apresentaram reatividade cruzada exclusivamente com fosfolipases A1 (PLA1) de vespas Neotropicais ou de climas temperados. O alinhamento múltiplo do modelo... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Phospholipase A1 (PLA1) is one of the major allergens identified in the venom Polybia paulista (Hymenoptera: Vespidae), a clinically relevant social wasp from Brazil Southeast. The recombinant production of this allergen could result in the development of molecular diagnosis of allergy thus improving the outcomes of venom immunotherapy (IT). Here, we describe the heterologous production of the PLA1 from P. paulista venom in Escherichia coli. High levels of the insoluble recombinant allergen (rPoly p 1) were obtained after expression in the prokaryotic system. The downstream optimization of the solubilization process resulted in high levels of protein recovery. The rPoly p 1 was purified to homogeneity (99%) using an immobilized Ni2+ metal affinity chromatography while a single-step cation-exchange chromatography allowed the purification of native Poly p 1 (nPoly p 1) from the venom glands. Immunoblotting analyses showed the IgE-mediated recognition of the rPoly p 1 by sera from patients sensitized to P. paulista venom. The rPoly p 1 could allow the differentiation of true double sensitization to wasp/bee and wasp/ant venoms from cross-reactivity. The sera from patients with monosensitization to honey bee or fire ant venoms do not cross-reacted with the recombinant allergen. Meanwhile, the sera from rPoly p 1-sensitized mice cross-reacted with venoms of other clinically relevant wasps from Neotropical and temperate regions. The alignment of the 3-D model from rPoly p 1 with the PLA1s from some of these wasps suggested the presence of homologues epitopes as the molecular basis for the cross-reactivity. The presence of cross-reactive carbohydrates determinants (CCDs) in the venom of several Brazilian wasps, which is a major issue for understanding the incidence of cross-reactivity during diagnosis, was also analyzed. Overall, the results described .. (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Orientador: Sulene Noriko Shima / Banca: Fabio Santos do Nascimento / Banca: Edilberto Giannotti / Resumo: As vespas do gênero Mischocyttarus por serem relativamente abundantes e de fácil manipulação e observação, fornecem um ótimo material para o estudo do comportamento social de castas. Duas espécies de Mischocyttarus, M. cerberus styx e M. cassununga foram observadas em condições naturais de campo. Durante as observações, foram realizadas manipulações experimentais a fim de testar o quão significativo seria a retirada de alguns indivíduos de categorias e ranking social diferentes ao longo de seis dias. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que há diferença significativa no número das atividades de forragem quando se retira os indivíduos da categoria intermediárias de M. cerberus styx, ou seja, aquelas que exibem alguns comportamentos de dominantes e alguns comportamentos de forrageadoras. Por outro lado, não houve diferenças significativas no número de atividades de forragem em nenhuma das manipulações realizadas para M. cassununga. Dessa forma, M. cerberus styx mostrou-se mais susceptível a quebra da hierarquia social e com alta flexibilidade comportamental. Já M. cassununga demonstrou possuir uma hierarquia mais sólida e menos susceptível a alterações externas, e apesar de também possuir flexibilidade comportamental, este é um processo mais demorado do que na outra espécie / Abstract: Wasps of the genus Mischocyttarus being relatively abundant and easy to handle and observe, provide a great material for the study of social behavior of castes. Two species of Mischocyttarus, M. cerberus styx and M. cassununga, were observed under natural field conditions. During the observations, experimental manipulations were carried out to test how it would react to the removal of some individuals to different categories and social ranking over a six-day. The results showed a significant difference on the number of forage activities when removing individuals from the intermediate category of M. cerberus styx, i.e., those that exhibit behavioral characteristics of dominant and foragers. Moreover, no significant differences on the number of forage activities to any of the manipulations performed on M. cassununga were observed. Thus, M. cerberus styx was more susceptible to break the social hierarchy and have high behavioral flexibility. M. cassununga already shown to have a stronger hierarchy, being less susceptible to external changes, and despite also having behavioral flexibility, it takes more time process than in other species / Mestre

Spider wasps are solitary parasitoids that use one spider to lay a single egg. Even though their behavior seems homogeneous, the features pertaining to nesting and hunting behavior are diverse for different species. There are approximately 5,000 described species, in 120 genera, but there are probably many undescribed species. The systematics of Pompilidae has been studied in recent years, but only morphological data have been used for this purpose. Because of the morphological homogeneity of spider wasps, molecular data may prove promising for understanding the systematics of the group. Furthermore, dated molecular phylogenies calibrated with fossil data may allow studying the historical biogeography and evolution of the group. I used the nuclear molecular markers elongation factor–1 α F2 copy (EF1), long–wavelength rhodopsin (LWRh), wingless (Wg), RNA polymerase II (Pol2), the D2–D3 regions of the 28S ribosomal RNA (28S), and the mitochondrial Cytochrome C Oxidase I (COI) in a Bayesian and Maximum Likelihood framework, to reconstruct the phylogenies of four main Pompilidae groups: the subfamily Pompilinae, the tribe Aporini, the genus Psorthaspis, and the genus Drepanaporus. I also studied the fossil Pompilidae, and used those results to produce time-calibrated phylogenies of Pompilinae, Aporini, and Psorthaspis. Molecular phylogenetic results support the utility of the use of molecular markers for species delimitation and sex-associations in Pompilidae. In addition, the use of dated phylogenies supports the correlation of host use with diversification rate-shifts, the coevolution of mimicry between pompilids and velvet ants, and various biogeographical hypotheses never tested before for spider wasps.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Riverside, 2009. / Includes abstract. Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Title from first page of PDF file (viewed March 16, 2010). Includes bibliographical references. Also issued in print.

No description available.

Mimesa is a Holarctic genus of predatory sphecoid wasps of which 36 species are found in America. The present study is a revision of the American fauna presenting keys to species, standardized descriptions, distribution maps and biological information for each species. / Fourteen species are here described as new: M. cahuilla, M. cheyenne, M. chiricahua, M. gabrieleno, M. ipai, M. jicarilla, M. klamath, M. miwoka, M. nisenan, M. senijextee, M. serrano, M. tequila, M. tolteca and M. zapoteca. In addition one subspecies, M. gregaria simplex, has been raised to species rank and 7 previously recognized species have been synonymized as follows: M. polita with M. dawsoni, M. atriventris with M. cressonii, M. iroquois with M. ezra, M. impressifrons with M. edentata and M. basirufa, M. nebrascensis and M. mallochi with M. lutaria. A lectotype has been designated for M. mexicana. / A total of 365 illustrations are presented to supplement keys and descriptions.