Depuis la colonisation jusqu’aux plus récents conflits qui affectent le « Moyen-Orient », le visuel participe à la création d’une image raciale et sexuelle du monde musulman dans laquelle l’Orient « archaïque » est représenté comme l’opposé moral de l’Occident « moderne ». Ce discours nommé Orientalisme (Saïd 1994) transforme l’Orient en objet du savoir et du regard occidental (Nochlin 1989). La peinture, la photographie, et les expositions universelles sont autant de moyens qui permettent d’instaurer un point de vue privilégié de l’Occident sur l’Orient. Avec le Web 2.0 et les technologies mobiles, le partage d’images fait partie intégrale de notre quotidien et celles-ci nous proviennent de partout et de n’importe qui. En considérant que l’Orientalisme est indissociable des techniques modernes de représentation du monde (Mitchell 2013), le présent mémoire souhaite interroger l’impact de ces nouvelles technologies sur la production, la circulation et la réception des images du dit Orient. Nous concentrerons notre étude sur les images captées et partagées depuis les manifestations de la Révolution verte iranienne de juin 2009, entre autres la vidéo de l’assassinat de la jeune Neda Agha Soltan qui a fait la une des médias occidentaux. En prenant comme base les écrits d’Edward Saïd, que nous réviserons par le biais de lectures féministes, nous verrons que l’Orientalisme visuel mute au rythme des changements politiques, culturels et technologiques qu’il rencontre. En plus d’éclairer les images de notre corpus, la question féministe nous permettra d’élargir la définition et les mécanismes de l’Orientalisme proposés par Saïd. Nous démontrerons que tout en ayant le potentiel de bouleverser l’image que construit l’Occident de l’Orient, le Web 2.0 actualise aussi l’Orientalisme visuel sous de nouveaux modes de production du savoir. / From the colonization era until the most recent conflicts in the "Middle East," visual culture contributes to the creation of a racial and sexual image of the muslim world, in which the "archaic" Orient is represented as the moral opponent of "modern" Occident. This discourse entitled Orientalism (Saïd 1994) transforms the Orient into an object of knowledge and of occidental gaze (Nochlin 1989). Painting, photography, and universal exhibitions are but a few of the means through which the West's privileged point of view is constructed over the Orient. With the Web 2.0 and mobile technologies, sharing images from everywhere and everyone has become part of our daily life. Assuming that Orientalism is indissociable from modern techniques of the world's repressentation (Mitchell 2013), this thesis aims to question the impact of such new technologies on the production, circulation and reception of images from the so-called Orient. This study will focus on images captured and shared since the protests of the Iranian Green Movement of June 2009, especially the video of the murder of the young Neda Agha Soltan, which made the headlines of Western media. Building on the writings of Edward Saïd, which will be revised through feminist readings, it will be demonstrated that visual Orientalism evolves in accordance with the political, cultural and technological changes it encounters. The feminist question will not only shed light on the images of this corpus, but also contribute to widen the definition and mechanisms of Orientalism suggested by Saïd. It will be demonstrated that if the Web 2.0 has the potential of disrupting the constructed image of the Orient by the Occident, it also updates visual Orientalism through new modes of knowledge production.

La recherche portera sur la montée des vidéos de gay bashing depuis 2013. Par vidéo de gay bashing, nous entendons des vidéos documentant l’abus physique ou verbal d’individus perçus par les agresseurs comme étant gais, lesbiennes, bisexuels, transgenres ou queer, mais nous nous concentrerons spécifiquement sur des vidéos montrant des agressions envers des hommes. Ces vidéos peuvent être enregistrées par les agresseurs eux-mêmes ou par des témoins de la scène. Il s’agira de situer cette montée dans un contexte politique de retour de lois et sentiments anti-LGBT dans les pays d’où proviennent certaines des vidéos étudiées et par rapport aux différentes théories anthropologiques et socio-historiques concernant les sources et motivations derrière les actes de violence homophobe. Le corpus se composera de trois vidéos venant de Russie («Putin’s Crackdown on LGBT Teens un Russia»), de Lybie («Gay torture and violent in Lybia») et des États-Unis («Attack at gay pride event in Detroit»). L’analyse du corpus se fera en trois temps : d’abord l’analyse de la forme et du contenu des vidéos en tant que tels, ensuite, l’analyse de leur circulation et des différents utilisateurs qui distribuent les vidéos en ligne, et, finalement, l’analyse de la réception des vidéos en portant attention aux commentaires des utilisateurs. Il s’agira de montrer comment les vidéos de gay-bashing effectuent une rupture par rapport à une vision de YouTube, et autres médias sociaux, comme libérateurs et comme lieux d’expression de soi (particulièrement pour les membres des communautés LGBT) et les transforment en lieux d’une humiliation triplée par l’enregistrement de l’humiliation physique et sa diffusion sur le web. Il s’agira ensuite de voir comment la circulation et la redistribution de ces vidéos par différents groupes et utilisateurs les instrumentalisent selon différents agendas politiques et idéologiques, pour finalement se questionner, en s’inspirant du triangle de l’humiliation de Donald Klein, sur le rôle ambivalent du témoin (physique ou virtuel) dont la présence est nécessaire pour qu’il y ait humiliation. Finalement, nous nous intéresserons aux vidéos de témoignages de gay-bashing, vidéos faites par les victimes elles-mêmes, racontant leur traumatisme à la caméra, renouant ainsi avec les vidéos de coming out sous la forme de l’aveu et de la spectacularisation du soi. La présente recherche sera également l’occasion de développer des outils théoriques et méthodologiques propres aux nouveaux médias et aux nouvelles formes et contenus qui s’y développent. / This research will study the rise of gay bashing videos since 2013. We define gay bashing videos as videos documenting verbal or physical attacks against individuals perceived by the abusers as being gay, lesbian, bisexual, transsexual or queer. We will however concentrate our study on videos showing attacks against men. These videos can be recorded by the abusers themselves or by witnesses. This rise in gay bashing videos will be situated within a comeback or anti-LGBT feelings and laws in some of the countries where the videos come from and also within anthropological and socio-historical theories about the sources and motivations behind homophobic violence. The corpus will consist of three videos coming from Russia ((«Putin’s Crackdown on LGBT Teens in Russia»), Lybia («Gay torture and violent in Lybia») and the United States («Attack at gay pride event in Detroit») The analysis of the videos will be made in three steps: 1. The analysis of the form and content of the videos. 2. The analysis of their circulation and the different users circulating them online. 3. The analysis of their reception with a particular attention given to the users’ comments on YouTube. We will show how gay bashing videos are creating a rupture with a certain vision of YouTube and other social medias as liberating and sites of self-expression (especially for LGBT people) and how they transform them as sites of humiliations that are tripled by the recording of the event and its circulation on the web. We will then see how the circulation of those videos by different groups and users transforms them according to different political agendas and ideologies, to finally question ourselves, by following the Humiliation Triangle from Donald Klein, on the ambivalent role of the witness (physical or virtual) whose presence is necessary for a humiliation to take place. Finally we will focus on videos of gay bashing testimonies made by the victims themselves who narrate their trauma in front of the camera thus reviving the logic of avowal that we can find in coming out videos. This research will also be an opportunity to develop new methodological and theoretical tools for the study of new medias.

Dans le cadre de notre thèse, nous avons proposé une approche générique d’extraction automatique des événements et de leur exploitation. L’approche est organisée en quatre composantes indépendantes et réutilisables. Une première composante de prétraitement, où les textes sont nettoyés et segmentés. Au cours de la seconde étape, les événements sont extraits en sebasant sur notre algorithme AnnotEC qui dispose d’une complexité polynomiale et qui est associé à des cartes sémantiques et des ressources linguistiques dédiées. Nous avons mis en place deux nouvelles mesures de similarité SimCatégoreille et SimEvent pour regrouper les événementssimilaires dans le cadre de la troisième composante de clustering. Les annotations, ajoutées tout au long des trois premières étapes, sont exploitées au niveau de la dernière composante par le bais des fichiers de synthèse paramétrables par l’utilisateur.L’approche a été évaluée sur un corpus issu du Web 2.0. Nous avons comparé les résultats avec des méthodes d’apprentissage automatique et des méthodes linguistiques par compilation et nous avons obtenu de meilleurs résultats. / In the framework of our thesis, we proposed a generic approach for the automatic extraction of events and their exploitation. This approach is divided into four independent and reusable components. The first component of pretreatment, in which texts are cleaned and segmented. During the second stage, events are extracted based on our algorithm AnnotEC which has polynomial complexity. AnnotEC is associated with semantic maps and dedicated linguistic resources. We have proposed two new similarity measures SimCatégoreille and SimEvent to group similar events using clustering algorithms.Annotations, added throughout the first three steps, are used at the last component by summarizing files configurable by users. The approach was evaluated on a corpus of Web 2.0, we compared the obtained results with machine learning methods and linguistic compiling methods and we got good results.

This diploma thesis discusses the process of communication in new media environment and demonstrates it on the example of YouTube Beauty community which can be seen as an autonomous, independent space for expression and sharing of information. It introduces the specifics of communication in the environment of Beauty community and its characteristics. It discusses some theoretic concepts connected with communication in the environment of new media and also with the Beauty community, for example Web 2.0, citizen journalism, prosumption or the concept of internet as a new space of public discussion. It also discusses concept of political economy about how external especially commercial factors influence communication process and content of traditional media and connects it with influences of external commercial factors on communication in Beauty community. In qualitative research are explored factors that impact communication in this environment and also potential impact of external commercial factors on communications and its contents.

This thesis examines the role of authenticity, its elements and manifestations in the process of developing a relationship between micro-celebrities and their fans. The issue is demonstrated by the example of YouTube, the most important video-sharing site. Part of the issue is whether the YouTube content creators and their subscribers develop parasocial relationships as defined by Horton and Wohl (1956), and authenticity as an element that sets the relationship between micro-celebrities and their fans apart from the relationship between traditional celebrities and their fans. The theoretical part of the thesis deals with concepts that are associated with development of the micro-celebrity phenomenon, discusses the concepts of micro-celebrity and authenticity themselves, and expounds the parasocial relationships theory. Analysis of the role of authenticity in the process of developing the relationship between micro-celebrities and their fans is based on qualitative research that draws from interviews with micro-celebrities and their fans and the analysis of videos and comments by which viewers respond to them.

Cette recherche relève des sciences du langage, de la didactique des langues et des cultures (DLC) et des Technologies de l'Information et de la Communication (TIC). Elle considère la dimension humaine et sociale comme étant au coeur de la société de l'information ; les réseaux sociaux sont en effet aujourd'hui prédominants et intéressent la didactique des langues et le français langue étrangère. Notre étude empirique porte sur les interactions écrites médiées à distance afin d'appréhender les particularités du nouveau langage écrit interactif qui émerge des échanges en ligne. Quelles pratiques discursives et sociales les acteurs sociaux mettent-ils en oeuvre pendant les interactions écrites médiées à distance ? Prenant appui sur un double corpus d'interactions écrites (en contexte naturel d'échanges et en contexte pédagogique en ligne), notre étude vise à enrichir la recherche concernant les spécificités de l'écrit socio-discursif numérique. Nous accordons une attention particulière aux différentes spécificités linguistiques, sémio-linguistiques, interactionnelles, discursives et relationnelles que les énonciateurs mobilisent pour communiquer et interagir dans un environnement numérique. Au moyen d'une approche d'analyse pluridisciplinaire (analyse de discours, analyse conversationnelle d'inspiration ethnométhodologique, interactionnisme goffmanien), nous tentons d'identifier les particularités de l'écrit numérique socio-discursif favorables à l'apprentissage. / This research concerns linguistics, language and culture didactics and information and communication technologies. It considers human and social dimension as being at the heart of the information society; social networking is obviously predominant nowadays and concerns language didactics and French as a foreign language. This empirical research concerns remote mediated writing interactions and aims to explore the special characteristics of this new way of interactive writing which emerges from online interactions. What kind of social and discursive practices social actors implement during remote mediated writing interactions? Based on a double data of written mediated interactions (natural online context and pedagogical online context), our study aims to provide new elements concerning virtual sociodiscursive writing. We are paying particular attention to the different characteristics of virtual mediated writing (linguistics, semio-linguistics, interactional and discursive) social actors are using to act and communicate in a virtual environment. By means of a multidisciplinary approach (speech analysis, conversational analysis based on ethnomethodic and Goffman's interactionism) we have tried to identify the particularities of virtual sociodiscursive writing contributing to better learning.

Previous research has found a diverging trend between utilising social media (web 2.0) and traditional news media (web 1.0) on citizens trust towards democracy and democratic processes. This essay aims to investigate if this trend holds true in a Swedish context during a non-election year, and in doing so hope to advance the understanding of said trend. Thus, the following essay will investigate the change in trust towards the representative bodies within Sweden, with regards to the effects of either using social media or traditional media online as a means to take part of the digital flow of information.                       This is done by utilizing the SOM-survey, which collects information regarding citizen’s attitudes and general opinions towards political, social and medial habits every year. The data from this survey is then transformed into various indexes, with regards to citizens use of either web 1.0 or web 2.0, and their trust towards political institutions, and tested in an MRA-analysis. The findings of this study confirm the diverging trend between using web 1.0 and web 2.0 on citizen’s political trust. However, the positive correlation between web 1.0 and trust loose its statistical significance when a higher level of education is a factor. That is to say, academics tend to be less affected by web 1.0 with regards to their trust in representative bodies within the democracy. However, on the other hand the opposite holds true for web 2.0, where an inclusion of a higher level of education strengthens a negative correlation.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T18:23:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sergio Miguel Gartner Pais de Oliveira.pdf: 3625928 bytes, checksum: 1b2f05e41d09488d59d288948302155a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-17 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This research aims at describing and interpreting the collaborative writing in English (understood as a human experience phenomenon) developed by 9th grade students of a private Elementary School in Belo Horizonte (MG), from the complex thought perspective. The research involves the accomplishment of two writing assignments undertaken on the Google Docs plataform which uses Web 2.0 resources and whose goals were to motivate group work, practise writing skills in EFL, develop creativity, reflection, discussion and problem solving. The texts used for the interpretation of the phenomenon were collected from four online questionnaires. Records and comments written on students' work also served as textual material to understand the nature of the phenomenon studied. This research is primarily based on Morin`s notion of Complex Thought (1990, 2009, 2010) which can be understood as an open, inclusive and flexible thinking that sets a new look at the world, trying to understand the constant changes of the real world. The new paradigm dialogues with the opposite, with multiplicity, randomness, and uncertainty. Grounded on Complexity as the starting point, other theoretical components are also used to help the investigation, considering collaborative writing in teaching L2, procedural writing models, digital context of Web 2.0 and collaborative learning. These constructs interact with each other and are important for understanding the context of the research, as well as its characteristics and uniqueness. To conduct this research, a qualitative methodology is adopted, specifically, the Hermeneutic- Phenomenological Approach, according to Freire‟s (1998, 2007, 2009, 2010, 2012) and van Manen`s (1990) perspectives. This study reveals that the collaborative writing in digital context is structured around three comprehensive themes environment, interaction, tasks which are subdivided in subthemes that unveil the nature of the phenomenon under investigation. Based on the research undertaken it is possible to assert that collaborative writing in the digital environment can lead to new paths to a theory of writing in L2, engendering collaborative projects focused on writing in a foreign language. This study demonstrates that learners can develop communication and cooperation skills, as well as the development of critical thinking when there is a conducive learning environment for interaction / Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo descrever e interpretar a escrita colaborativa em inglês (entendida como fenômeno da experiência humana) desenvolvida em ambiente on-line, por alunos de um 9o ano do Ensino Fundamental de uma instituição privada de Belo Horizonte (MG), sob a ótica do Pensamento Complexo. O estudo envolve a realização de duas tarefas de escrita em língua inglesa realizada por grupos de alunos na plataforma Google Docs, que utiliza recursos da tecnologia web 2.0, as quais visavam motivar o trabalho em grupo, exercitar a habilidade de escrita em língua inglesa de forma colaborativa, promover a criatividade, reflexão, discussão e resolução de problemas. Os textos utilizados para a interpretação do fenômeno foram coletados de quatro questionários on-line. Os registros e comentários feitos nos próprios trabalhos dos alunos serviram, também, como material textual para entender a natureza do fenômeno estudado. A realização deste estudo baseia-se no pensamento complexo de Morin (1990, 2009, 2010), que pode ser entendido como um pensamento aberto, abrangente e flexível que configura em um novo olhar sobre o mundo, procurando entender as mudanças constantes do mundo real. O novo paradigma dialoga com os opostos, com a multiplicidade, a imprevisibilidade e as incertezas. Partindo do referencial da Complexidade, agrega-se ao estudo de componentes teóricos sobre a escrita colaborativa no ensino de L2, modelos de escrita processual, contexto digital da web 2.0 e aprendizagem colaborativa. Esses construtos dialogam entre si e são importantes para se compreender o contexto da pesquisa, sua característica e singularidade. Para realizar esta investigação, adota-se a metodologia de cunho qualitativa; especificamente, a abordagem hermenêuticofenomenológica, a partir da visão de Freire (1998, 2007, 2009, 2010, 2012) e van Manen (1990). Este estudo revela que a escrita colaborativa em contexto digital se estrutura em torno de três grandes temas ambiente, interação, tarefas os quais se subdividem em subtemas que, assim, revelam a natureza do fenômeno investigado. Com base na pesquisa realizada pode-se afirmar que a escrita colaborativa no meio digital pode trazer novos caminhos para a(s) teoria(s) de escrita em L2 e para o engendramento de projetos colaborativos com foco na escrita em língua estrangeira. Este estudo demonstra que aprendizes podem desenvolver capacidades de comunicação e cooperação com ajuda da tecnologia, bem como o desenvolvimento do pensamento crítico quando há um ambiente de aprendizagem propício para a interação

This MA thesis is devoted to podcasting, one of the phenomena of new media. It describes its origins and development; in greater detail it deals with the present state and characteristic features of podcasts from the viewpoint of their contents, forms, user practice, ways of financing, and also technological perspectives. Attention is focused on elements which interconnect podcasting with radio and radio programmes and also on their differences. The phenomenon is presented in the context of chosen concepts related to web 2.0. Several chapters focussed generally on the development and present state of podcasting are devoted to the situation in the Czech Republic. The research part then provides insight into the present situation from the point of view of independent podcast creators, with whom half-structured interviews were carried out. On the basis of a qualitative analysis of these interviews, several types of attitudes to podcasting and a number of factors related to production of podcasts were identified - primarily motivations to create them as well as some discouraging aspects. Further results of the analysis concern motivation of the authors to listen to podcasts of other creators, their view of the present state of affairs in the sphere of podcasting in the Czech Republic, and their...

Submitted by Fabricia Fialho Reginato (fabriciar) on 2015-07-07T23:48:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 BarbaraGrebin.pdf: 11075317 bytes, checksum: aa9ac1bdc918f36be1c51d80e2ac071a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-07T23:48:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BarbaraGrebin.pdf: 11075317 bytes, checksum: aa9ac1bdc918f36be1c51d80e2ac071a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-28 / Nenhuma / Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo, a partir de um olhar comunicacional e tecnocultural, compreender de que forma o site Pinterest, tendo como base o exame das suas principais lógicas operativas, atualiza o conceito de interfaces culturais cunhado por Manovich (2001). Para o desenvolvimento deste problema de pesquisa, inicialmente, realiza-se uma explicação das abordagens e dos procedimentos metodológicos, inspirados em um agir arqueológico, seguida de um apanhado sobre o conceito de interface por meio de algumas concepções em torno do termo, até se chegar ao conceito-chave desta dissertação, interface cultural. Com isto, avança-se sobre a instrumentalização da pesquisa, por meio da escavação de imagens e da identificação de molduras (KILPP, 2010), sucedido de análise de material empírico coletado e agrupado em três constelações nomeadas como HCI, plasticidade e atravessamentos entre produtos culturais on-line. A pesquisa é finalizada com dois principais movimentos, o primeiro respondendo à pergunta inicial de pesquisa, em que se percebe um deslocamento do conceito inicial de interface cultural devido a conjunturas advindas da web 2.0, e o segundo trazendo, por meio de um quadro, uma proposta de estrutura de análise de artefatos culturais on-line. / The study aims, from a communicative and technocultural approach, to understand how the website Pinterest, based on the examination of its main operating logics, updates the concept of cultural interface coined by Manovich (2001). To develop this research problem, initially, it is carried out an explanation of the methodological approaches and procedures, inspired by an archaeological behave, followed by an overview of the interface concept through some conceptions around the term, until reaching the key concept of this dissertation, cultural interface. With this, it advances on the instrumentalization of the research, digging through images and identifying frames (Kilpp, 2010), followed by analysis of empirical material collected and grouped into three constellations named as HCI, plasticity and crossings between online cultural devices. The research concludes with two main movements, the first answering to the initial research question, it is realized a shift from the initial concept of cultural interface due to contexts arising from web 2.0, and the second bringing through a frame, a proposal of an analysis structure of online cultural devices.