The aim of this thesis is the analysis of using web and mobile applications in team work within projects. Thesis is divided into the two main parts. Firstly, the theoretical part provides basic information and facts about work at a team, communication and team work on common projects. Theoretical part also includes a definition and development of web and mobile applications from past until now. Secondly, the practical part includes analysis by the survey. The survey was conducted using two different methods - questionnaire survey method and structured interviews. The questionnaire was focused on the usage of basic applications for communication, cooperation and coordination within work teams. The structured interviews was focused more on benefits for employees

Existem várias linguagens e plataformas que permitem a programação baseada no modelo de atores, uma solução elegante para a programação concorrente proposta há algumas décadas. Segundo esse modelo, implementa-se o programa na forma de uma série de agentes que são executados em paralelo e se comunicam entre si somente por meio da troca de mensagens, sem a necessidade de memória compartilhada ou estruturas tradicionais de sincronização como semáforos e mutexes. Uma das áreas nas quais esse modelo seria particularmente adequado é a programação de aplicações web, isto é, aplicações cujas lógicas de negócios e de dados residem num servidor e que são acessadas pelo usuário por intermédio de um navegador. Porém, existem muitos obstáculos ao desenvolvimento de aplicações desse tipo, entre eles a falta de linguagens e ferramentas que permitam integrar tanto o servidor quanto o cliente (navegador) no modelo de atores, as dificuldades de conversões de dados que se fazem necessárias quando o servidor e o cliente são desenvolvidos em linguagens diferentes, e a necessidade de contornar as dificuldades inerentes aos detalhes do protocolo de comunicação (HTTP). O PAWEB é uma proposta de uma plataforma para o desenvolvimento e execução de aplicações web que fornece a infraestrutura necessária para que tanto o lado cliente quanto o lado servidor do aplicativo hospedado possam ser escritos numa mesma linguagem (Python), e possam criar e gerenciar atores que trocam mensagens entre si,tanto local quanto remotamente, de maneira transparente e sem a necessidade de implementar conversões de dados ou outros detalhes de baixo nível. / There are several programming languages and platforms that allow the development of systems based on the actor model, an elegant solution for concurrent programming proposed a few decades ago. According to this model, the program is implemented in the form of several agents that run concurrently and only communicate amongst themselves through the exchange of messages, without the need for shared memory or traditional synchronization structures such as semaphores and mutexes. One of the areas where this model would be particularly appropriate would be the development of web applications, that is, applications whose business and database logic reside on the server and are accessed by the user by means of a web browser. However, there are several obstacles to the development of this type of application, amongst them the lack of languages and tools that allow for the integration of both the server and the client (browser) into the actor model, data conversion difficulties arising from using different programming languages on the server and the client, and the need to circumvent the inherent difficulties posed by the details of the communications protocol (HTTP). PAWEB is a proposal for an application development and execution platform that supplies the infrastructure needed so that both the server and client sides of the hosted application can be written in the same language (Python) and so that they may create and manage actors that exchange messages with one another, both locally and remotely, in a transparent manner and without the need to implement data conversions or other low-level mechanisms.

This diploma thesis focuses on the analysis of the company iPARTNER s.r.o. and its development over the course of the past several years. To evaluate the company’s current state, the thesis uses the following analytical methods: SWOT, 7S, SLEPT, and an analysis of the paid search campaign service tools. The solution developed in this thesis provides both the clients, as well as the employees of the company with a more effective tool for comparing and determining the metrics used in paid search campaigns.

The thesis describes a comprehensive solution of a web application for administration of extensive LAN and WAN networks, which are based on nodes by MikroTik . There is a feasibility study, which says, what modules and what functionality should be included. Also a database structure is clarified and technical procedures of solution of the whole assignment are outlined with an emphasis on universality and maximal simplicity.

Allt fler organisationer väljer att förbättra och förnya sin verksamhet genom att använda informationssystem. Verksamheter idag har blivit allt mer beroende av IT- stöd i form av system samt webbapplikationer, eftersom det automatiserar och effektiviserar arbetsprocessen. Verksamheter med ett fullt fungerande IT-stöd leder, lyfter och styr företaget framåt i utvecklingen. Nyttan av ett IT system kan mätas då systemet är anskaffat och befinns i en förvaltningssituation. I förvaltningssituationer används IT system vilket kräver att dessa underhålls och omskapas efter verksamhetens utveckling. Studien syftar till att kartlägga alla IT-system och webbapplikationer för Tele2 Butikerna AB samt för varje system identifiera användare, accessroller, funktioner, förvaltningsresurser och förbättringsområden. Detta har utförts genom att skapa en nulägesanalys och en behovsanalys av verksamheten med hjälp av flera olika metoder. I examensarbetet har dokumenterade metoder använts för skapande av nulägesanalys och behovsanalys, vilka har stått i grund för de metoder som behärskar genom uppsatsens gång. Kartläggningen bestod främst av datainsamling via intervjuer med de anställda ute i butikerna samt på huvudkontoret. Slutligen har en rapport överlämnats till Tele2 som motsvarar önskemålen från uppdragsgivaren. / Increasing numbers of organizations are choosing to improve and innovate through the use of information systems. Businesses today have become more dependent on IT support such as systems and web applications as it automates and streamlines the work process. Organizations with a fully functional IT support leads, lifts and controls the company forward in development. The benefits of an IT system can be measured when the system is acquired and placed in a management situation. IT systems are used in management situations which require maintaining and re-engineering for business development. The study aims to identify all IT systems and web applications for Tele2 Butikerna AB and also for each system identify users, access roles, system functions, management recourses and possible improvements. This has been done by creating a situation analysis and a needs analysis of the business with help from different methods. The thesis contains documented methods that has been used for the creation of the situation and needs analysis. These have been the basis during the thesis approach. The survey consists of data collection through interviews with the employees in the stores and at headquarters. Finally, a report has been submitted to Tele2 corresponding to the wishes of the client.

User behavior analysis in web applications is currently mainly performed by analysis of statistical measurements based on user interactions or by creation of personas to better understand users. Both of these methods give great insights in how the users utilize a web site, but do not give any additional information about what they are actually doing. This thesis attempts to use eye tracking data for analysis of user activities in web applications. Eye tracking data has been recorded, labeled and analyzed for 25 test participants. No data source except eye tracking data has been used and two different approaches are attempted where the first relies on a gaze map representation of the data and the second relies on sequences of features. The results indicate that it is possible to distinguish user activities in web applications, but only at a high error-rate. Improvement are possible by implementing a less subjective labeling process and by including features from other data sources. / I nuläget utförs analys av användarbeteende i webbapplikationer primärt med hjälp av statistiska mått över användares beteenden på hemsidor tillsammans med personas förökad förståelse av olika typer av användare. Dessa metoder ger stor insikt i hur användare använder hemsidor men ger ingen information om vilka typer av aktiviteter användare har utfört på hemsidan. Denna rapport försöker skapa metoder för analys av användaraktiviter på hemsidor endast baserat på blickdata fångade med eye trackers. Blick data från 25 personer har samlats in under tiden de utför olika uppgifter på olika hemsidor. Två olika tekniker har utvärderats där den ena analyserar blick kartor som fångat ögonens rörelser under 10 sekunder och den andra tekniken använder sig av sekvenser av händelser för att klassificera aktiviteter. Resultaten indikerar att det går att urskilja olika typer av vanligt förekommande användaraktiviteter genom analys av blick data. Resultatet visar också att det är stor osäkerhet i prediktionerna och ytterligare arbete är nödvändigt för att finna användbara modeller.

Client-side web applications have recently gone from progressive enhancements to powering large scale Single-page Applications (SPAs). Testing such applications is a tedious effort, often requiring manually constructing tests and emulating the browser, which leads to high programming effort and low performance. This thesis investigates how web applications can be designed, implemented and tested in order to make reliable applications with high test performance using Design by Contract (DbC) and automatically generated tests without significantly increasing programming effort. The results consist of a formal model for reactive programs using denotational and axiomatic semantics in order to not be tied to a specific programming language. The model is tested by implementing a sample application in Clojure and evaluating different aspects such as test coverage and test performance, in addition to mutation-based testing. Furthermore, the formal model can be used as a blueprint for developing reliable applications and serve as a formal building block for future research on web applications. Additionally, the sample application may be used as a guideline for real world development. The results show that applications implementing the formal model have generated test suites that are likely to detect programmer errors and can achieve high test coverage and performance while requiring less or equal effort when compared to other implementations and manual testing. / Klientbaserade webbapplikationer har under de senaste åren växt från mindre dynamiska förbättringar till att fullständigt driva Single-page Applikationer (SPAs). Att skriva tester för sådana applikationer är en komplex uppgift som ofta kräver emulering av webbläsare, vilket leder till mycket arbete och låg prestanda. Den här studien undersöker hur webbapplikationer kan designas och implementeras för att skapa pålitliga applikationer genom att använda Design by Contract (DbC) och automatiskt genererade tester, utan att signifikant påverka arbetsbördan för utvecklare. En formell modell för reaktiva applikationer presenteras med hjälp av denotationell och axiomatisk semantik för att inte begränsas till ett enskilt programspråk. Modellen testas genom utveckling och utvärdering av en exempelapplikation skriven i Clojure där olika aspekter såsom täckningsgrad och prestanda hos tester samt mutationsbaserad testning undersöks. I resultaten av den här studien presenteras en formell modell som kan användas som riktlinje för att bygga pålitliga webbapplikationer samt som en formell byggsten för framtida studier. Vidare så kan även exempelapplikationen användas som mall för utveckling av applikationer i industrin. Resultaten visar att applikationer som implementerar modellen har en testsvit som är trolig att upptäcka programmeringsfel samt uppnår hög täckningsgrad och prestanda, medan de kräver mindre eller liknande arbete som andra implementationer och manuellt programmerade tester.

One problem that has been plaguing software development is the multitude of platforms that are available to users. Consequentially, a company needs to provide its service on multiple devices, running different operating systems, in order to reach as many end-users as possible. This leads to increased development complexity and costs. To solve this issue, multiple cross-platform solutions have been proposed throughout the years. One such solution is Progressive Web Application, a set of techniques that aim to create web applications with features that have traditionally only been available to native applications. In recent years WebAssembly, a compilation target that allows languages other than JavaScript to run on the browser, has been introduced. With its compact binary format and compiled nature, its goal is to bring speed and performance enhancement to web applications. This thesis analyzes WebAssembly in the context of building a Progressive Web Application, particularly the impacts it has on the performance and memory usage. A comparison is made with the JavaScript library ReactJS. The results indicate that a Progressive Web Application built with WebAssembly achieves similar performance results as one built using ReactJS when it comes to computers, but performs worse on mobile platforms. The results also indicate that using a programming language such as Rust, although still introducing memory overhead, minimizes the bundle size and runtime memory consumption of the application. / Ett problem som har plågat mjukvaruutveckling är mängdenplattformar som är tillgängliga för användare. Följaktligen måste ett företagtillhandahålla sin tjänst på flera enheter, som kör olika operativsystem,för att nå så många slutanvändare som möjligt. Detta leder till ökadutvecklingskomplexitet och kostnad. För att lösa detta problem har flera plattformsoberoendelösningar föreslagits genom åren. En sådan lösning är Progressiva Webapplikationer, en samling tekniker som syftar till att skapa webbapplikationer med funktioner som traditionellt bara varit tillgängliga förmobilapplikationer. Under de senaste åren har ett verktyg som ger andra språk än JavaScript möjligheten att köras i webbläsaren introducerats. Detta verktyg är WebAssembly. Med sitt kompakta format och kompilerade natur, har den som mål att förbättra prestanda för webbapplikationer. Detta arbete analyserar WebAssembly i samband med utvecklingen av en Progressiv Webapplikation, specifikt inverkan den har på prestanda och minnesanvändning. En jämförelse görs med JavaScriptbiblioteket ReactJS. Resultaten tyder på att en Progressiv Webapplikation byggd med WebAssembly uppnår liknanderesultat som en byggd med ReactJS när det kommer till datorer, men presterar sämre på mobila plattformar. Resultaten visar också att användningen av ett programmeringsspråk som Rust minimerar paketstorleken och minnesanvändningen av applikationer även om det fortfarande introducerar minneskostnader.

Application frameworks are tools that enable easier development of web applications and enhance their quality. Because there are so may Java web application frameworks in existence it is difficult at times to choose the correct one to suit a particular application. This thesis examines frameworks from a general point of view. Descriptions of the characteristic functions of frameworks are also covered, along with functions, and the ways in which they differ from each other; and thus it enables the most appropriate framework to be chosen. The thesis also analyses typical representatives of frameworks for certain uses, it demonstrates their activity by means of standardized applications and compares them in terms of practical use.

Background. Web applications are a more significant part of our digital experience, and the number of users keeps continuously growing. Social media alone accounts for more than half of the world’s population. Therefore these applications have become a lucrative target for attackers, and we have seen several attacks against them. One such example saw attackers manage to compromise a twitter account [15], leading to false information being published, causing the New York stock exchange to drop 150 points, erasing 136 billion dollars in equity market value. There are methods to protect web applications, such as web application firewalls or content security policies. Still, another candidate for defending these applications is Host-based Intrusion Detection Systems (HIDS). This study aims to assess the efficiency of these HIDS when defending against web applications. Objectives. The main objective of the thesis is to create an efficiency evaluating model for a HIDS when protecting web applications. Additionally, we will test two open-source HIDS against web applications built to emulate a vulnerable environment and measure these HIDS efficiencies with the model mentioned above. Methods. To reach the objectives of our thesis, a literature review regarding what metrics to evaluate the efficiency of a HIDS was conducted. This allowed us to construct a model for which we evaluated the efficiency of our selected HIDS. In this model, we use 3 categories, each containing multiple metrics. Once completed, the environment hosting our vulnerable applications and their HIDS was set up, followed by the attacks of the applications. The data generated by the HIDS gave us the data required to make our efficiency evaluation which was performed through the lens of the previously mentioned model. Results. The result shows a low overall efficiency from the two HIDS when regarding the category attack detection. The most efficient of the two could be determined. Of the two evaluated, Wazuh and Samhain; we determined Wazuh to be the more efficient HIDS. We identified several components required to improve their attack detection. Conclusions. Through the use of our model, we concluded that the HIDS Wazuh had higher efficiency than the HIDS Samhain. However both HIDS had low performances regarding their ability to detect attacks. Some specific components need to be implemented within these systems before they can reliably be used for defending web applications.