Today, telecommunication is improving rapidly. People are online anywhere anytime. Due to increasing demand in communication, wireless technologies are progressing quickly trying to provide more services in a wide range. In order to address mobility and connectivity requirements of users in wide areas, Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (Wimax) has been introduced as a forth generation telecommunication technology. Wimax, which is also called Metropolitan Area Network (MAN), is based on IEEE 802.16 standard where a Base Station (BS) provides last mile broadband wireless access to the end users known as Mobile Stations (MS). However, in places where high constructions exist, the signal rate between MS and BS decreases or even the signal can be lost completely due to shadow fading. As a response to this issue, recently an intermediate node specification, namely Relay Station, has been defined in IEEE 802.16j standard for relaying, which provides both throughput enhancement and coverage extension. However, this update has introduced a new problem / call admission control in non-transparent relay networks that support coverage extension. In this thesis, a Quality of Service (QoS) aware dynamic admission control algorithm for IEEE 802.16j non-transparent relay networks is introduced. Our objectives are admitting more service flows, utilizing the bandwidth, giving individual control to each relay station (RS) on call acceptance and rejection, and finally not affecting ongoing service flow quality in an RS due to the dense population of service flows in other RSs. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the other existing call admission control algorithms. Moreover, this algorithm can be interpreted as pioneer call admission control algorithm in IEEE 802.16j non-transparent networks.

Wireless broadband technologies provide ubiquitous broadband access to wireless users, enabling services that were available only to wireline users. At the same time, with the steady growth of real-time streaming applications such as video on demand (VoD), voice over IP (VoIP), massive online gaming, and so forth, the IEEE 802.16 standard (commonly known as WiMAX) has emerged as one of the strongest contenders to provide such kind of broadband wireless access services. WiMAX has specified some advanced lard features at physical (PHY) layer techniques and media access control (MAC) layer protocols, which adopted many Quality of Service (QoS) scheduling algorithms, resource allocation, Hybrid ARQ and so on. Moreover, forward error correction (FEC) and automatic repeat request (ARQ) techniques have already specified in the standard and they are used to support real-time streaming services in all kind of channel conditions. Inside this thesis, we propose an efficient fast feedback algorithm and buffer congestion control improvement scheme for data streaming over WiMAX networks. Two reserved bits in Generic MAC header (GMH) of each MPDU in WiMAX systems are utilized. The first reserved bit is used as a trigger in fast feedback strategy to add more robust coding and choose better feedback channel when the feedback message does not arrive properly within its cycle time trip (CTT) or after timeout. The second reserved bit is used to inform the base station about the serving subscriber stations¡¦ buffers states when their buffers are above the predefine-threshold value. Increasing number of retrieval of the feedback message, which means we can increase restore-bit-error probabilities within each frame, and then the throughput performance shall increase as well. In addition, by having each subscriber stations or service station¡¦s buffer states knowledge, the BS will be able to provide extra bandwidth allocation to the SSs more efficiency and accuracy. Keywords: WiMAX, PHY, MAC, Hybrid ARQ, QoS, Generic MAC header, CTT, Fast Feedback, Buffer Congestion Control Improvement, Real-Time streaming.

本論文對IEEE 802.16 協調分散式之網狀網路提出一允入控制之演算法。在此類網路中，控制子訊框交換各站台之排程訊息，並預留資料子訊框之時槽作為實際資料傳輸之用。我們利用令牌桶機制來控制網路訊流之流量特徵，如此可簡單的估計各訊流所需之頻寬。我們使用了所提出的頻寬估計方法，並一起考慮各訊流之跳接數與延遲時間之需求，提出的允入控制演算法能夠保證即時性串流之延遲時間需求，且可避免低等級訊流發生飢餓情形。模擬結果顯示，所提出的允入控制方法可以有效的把超過延遲時間需求之即時性訊流封包數目降低，並且低等級訊流在網路負載大時仍然可以存取頻道。 / We propose a routing metric (SWEB: Shortest-Widest Efficient Bandwidth) and an admission control (TAC: Token bucket-based Admission Control) algorithm under IEEE 802.16 coordinated, distributed mesh networks. In such network architectures, all scheduling messages are exchanged in the control subframes to reserve the timeslots in data subframes for the actual data transmissions. The token bucket mechanism is utilized to control the traffic pattern for easily estimating the bandwidth of a connection. We apply the bandwidth estimation and take the hop count and delay requirements into consideration. TAC is designed to guarantee the delay requirements of the real-time traffic flows, and avoid the starvation of the low priority ones. Simulation results show that TAC algorithm can effectively reduce the number of real-time packets that exceed the delay requirements and low priority flows still can access the channel when the network is heavily-loaded.

El objetivo de la tesis es elaborar un modelo destinado a la generación de tráfico de red para simulación de sistemas, total o parcialmente autosimilar, y que satisfaga determinadas características cuantitativas del tráfico que modela. Tasa promedio de paquetes, coeficiente de Hurst, comportamiento de las colas, y otros indicadores. Además, cada paquete del tráfico generado, debe incluir la información adicional necesaria que permita analizar la eficiencia de los algoritmos de asignación de ancho de banda en WiMAX, en un entorno de simulación.

The IEEE 802.16 standard also known as WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) is a promising technology responsible for providing wireless broadband access to end users, fixed, mobile and with high-rate data transmission. The main feature provided by this standard to end users is the provision of quality of service (QoS - Quality of Service) through scheduling mechanisms, connection admission control (CAC - Connection Admission Control) and policing in both the base station (BS - Base station) and the subscriber station (SS - Subscriber Station). As these mechanisms are not defined by IEEE 802.16 and directly affect the performance of WiMAX networks, a considerable number of studies focusing on these topics has been proposed in the areas of scheduling and CAC. In this context it is proposed and evaluated in this work a mechanism for traffic policing based on the token bucket technique for controlling data flow generated by the stations in the network. The traffic policing mechanism is applied to all classes of IEEE 802.16d standard. A temporary storage queue was added to the proposed mechanism in order to offer to the packages of nrtPS and BE classes, which were not admitted to the network transmission at the first opportunity, a new chance of being admitted. Results based on modeling and simulation showed that the proposed policing mechanism has satisfactory performance. / O padrão IEEE 802.16, também conhecido como WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access), é uma tecnologia promissora responsável por oferecer acesso banda larga sem fio para usuários finais, fixos, móveis e com alta taxa de transmissão de dados. A principal característica fornecida por este padrão aos usuários finais é o provimento de qualidade de serviço (QoS - Quality of Service) através de mecanismos de escalonamento, controle de admissão de conexões (CAC - Control Admission Connection) e policiamento tanto na estação base (BS - Base Station) quanto na estação do assinante (SS - Subscriber Station). Como esses mecanismos não são definidos pelo padrão IEEE 802.16 e afetam diretamente o desempenho das redes WiMAX, um número considerável de pesquisas focalizando estes tópicos tem sido propostas. Neste contexto é proposto e avaliado nesta dissertação um mecanismo de policiamento de tráfego para o tráfego uplink baseado na técnica token bucket para controlar o fluxo de dados gerado pelas estações presentes na rede. O mecanismo de policiamento de tráfego é aplicado a todas as classes do padrão IEEE 802.16d. Uma fila de espera foi adicionada ao mecanismo proposto com o objetivo de oferecer aos pacotes das classes nrtPS e BE, que não foram admitidos na rede na primeira oportunidade de transmissão, uma nova possibilidade de serem admitidos. Os resultados obtidos, baseados em modelagem e simulação, permitiram concluir que o mecanismo de policiamento proposto apresenta desempenho satisfatório. / Mestre em Ciências

Now-a-days wireless networks such as cellular communication have deeply affected human lives and became an essential part of it. The demand to buy high capacity and better performance devices and cellular services has been rapidly increased. There are more than two hundred different countries and almost three billion users all over the world which are using cellular services provided by Global System for Mobile (GSM), Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS), Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) and Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX). In the past decade, one antenna is connected to only one communication radio device at the same time but currently this scenario has been completely changed. To increase the capacity of the channels and to improve the bit error performance between mobile station and service station, it is now possible to connect one antenna with more than one communication radio device at the same time. Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) systems are designed to obtain this requirement. In MIMO systems, antennas are combined in the form of small frames like coupling in cellular devices. Diversity means to obtain successful transmission and reception of radio signals with accordance to polarization and correlation. Due to diversity the capacity of the channels and bit error rate are improved, so diversity is one of the main and important properties of MIMO systems. This thesis is emphasized to study WiMAX systems by implementing multiple antenna techniques, by observing the bit error rate performance and data rate in WiMAX systems using two important and currently widely applied multiple access communication techniques. The research will also elaborate these techniques and explain the basic parameters, operations, mathematical calculations and different relevant observations. The simulation tool used in this research thesis is MATLAB which is also used to illustrate the results with figures and graphs. / Nu för tiden trådlösa nätverk såsom cellulär kommunikation har stor påverkan på människors liv och blev en viktig del av det. Kravet att köpa hög kapacitet och bättre utrustning prestanda och mobiltelefoni har snabbt ökat. Det finns mer än två hundra olika länder och nästan tre miljarder användare över hela världen som använder mobiltelefoni som Global System for Mobile (GSM), Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS), Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) och Worldwide Interoperability för Microwave Access (WiMAX). Under det senaste decenniet har en antenn ansluten till en kommunikationsradio enhet vid samma tidpunkt, men för närvarande detta scenario har fullständigt förändrats. Att öka kapaciteten av kanalerna och för att förbättra prestandan lite fel mellan mobil station och bensinstationen, är det nu möjligt att ansluta en antenn med mer än en kommunikationsradio enhet samtidigt. Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) system är utformade för att uppnå detta krav. I MIMO-system, antenner kombineras i form av små ramar som kopplingsanordningar i cellulär enheter. Mångfald innebär att få lyckad överföring och mottagning av radiosignaler i enlighet med polarisation och korrelation. På grund av mångfalden kapacitet av kanalerna och bit error rate förbättras, så att mångfald är en av de största och viktigaste egenskaper MIMO-system. Denna avhandling är betonas att studera WiMAX system genom att genomföra flera antenn teknik, genom att observera bitars prestanda felfrekvensen och datahastighet i WiMAX system med hjälp av två viktiga och som för närvarande tillämpas allmänt flera tekniker tillgång kommunikation. Forskningen kommer också att utveckla dessa metoder och förklara de grundläggande parametrarna, operationer, matematiska beräkningar och olika relevanta iakttagelser. Den simuleringsverktyg som används i denna forskning avhandling är MATLAB som också används för att illustrera resultaten med siffror och diagram.

Digital front-end and Turbo decoder are the two key components in the digital wireless communication system. This thesis will discuss the implementation issues of both digital front-end and Turbo decoder.The structure of digital front-end for multi-standard radio supporting wireless standards such as IEEE802.11n, WiMAX, 3GPP LTE is investigated in the thesis. A top-to-down design methods. 802.11n digital down-converter is designed from Matlab model to VHDL implementation. Both simulation and FPGA prototyping are carried out.As another significant part of the thesis, a parallel Turbo decoder is designed and implemented for 3GPPLTE. The block size supported ranges from 40 to 6144 and the maximum number of iteration is eight.The Turbo decoder will use eight parallel SISO units to reach a throughput up to 150Mits.

Mobile telecommunications belong to one of the fields which still evolves and it is expected that in the future they are going to offer great benefit to the whole world. This work focuses on current and future development of mobile Internet connection in the Czech Republic. At first the technologies used to provide mobile Internet connection are described and compared and then the situation (in terms of technologies and mobile operators) in the Czech market is outlined and its possible evolution in the near future is presented. Furthermore, the tarifs of mobile operators are compared with those in place two years ago. The strengths and weaknesses of the current mobile Internet connection are evaluated based on the conducted questionnaire survey. The latest results are then analyzed and compared with the results from a previous survey conducted in 2007 as part of a bachelor's thesis, which has been further extended in this mater's thesis.

This master’s thesis deals with the concept of passive multistatic radar. The radar system exploits WiFi or WiMAX transmitters as the source of radiolocation signal. The transmitters are considered non-cooperative. The master’s thesis evaluates limitations arising from utilization of WiFi or WiMAX signals. A Matlab simulator was created as a part of the thesis, which was used to verify the basic idea behind this concept. Based on the results of real-life simulations, conclusions are suggested towards a possible application of WiFi/WiMAX radar.

In today's digital world, information and communication technology accounts for 3% and 2% of the global power consumption and CO2 emissions respectively. This alarming figure is on an upward trend, as future telecommunications systems and handsets will become even more power hungry since new services with higher bandwidth requirements emerge as part of the so called ¿future internet¿ paradigm. In addition, the mobile handset industry is tightly coupled to the consumer need for more sophisticated handsets with greater battery lifetime. If we cannot make any significant step to reducing the energy gap between the power hungry requirements of future handsets, and what battery technology can deliver, then market penetration for 4G handsets can be at risk. Therefore, energy conservation must be a design objective at the forefront of any system design from the network layer, to the physical and the microelectronic counterparts. In fact, the energy distribution of a handset device is dominated by the energy consumption of the RF hardware, and in particular the power amplifier design. Power amplifier design is a traditional topic that addresses the design challenge of how to obtain a trade-off between linearity and efficiency in order to avoid the introduction of signal distortion, whilst making best use of the available power resources for amplification. However, the present work goes beyond this by investigating a new line of amplifiers that address the green initiatives, namely green power amplifiers. This research work explores how to use the Doherty technique to promote efficiency enhancement and thus energy saving. Five different topologies of RF power amplifiers have been designed with custom-made signal splitters. The design core of the Doherty technique is based on the combination of a class B, class AB and a class C power amplifier working in synergy; which includes 90-degree 2-way power splitter at the input, quarter wavelength transformer at the output, and a new output power combiner. The frequency range for the amplifiers was designed to operate in the 3.4 - 3.6 GHz frequency band of Europe mobile WiMAX. The experimental results show that 30dBm output power can be achieved with 67% power added efficiency (PAE) for the user terminal, and 45dBm with 66% power added efficiency (PAE) for base stations which marks a 14% and 11% respective improvement over current stateof- the-art, while meeting the power output requirements for mobile WiMAX applications.