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Using the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised, 67 female subjects were classified into three extraversion groups, introverts, ambiverts, and extraverts. Event-related brain potentials were recorded concurrently with response time measures as participants performed simple reaction time and stimulus-response compatibility tasks. Response time was differentiated into reaction time and movement time. The auditory simple reaction time task varied motor task requirements by varying the distance of the response button from the home button, and also varied stimulus intensity. The stimulus-response compatibility task varied stimulus evaluation demands by using arrays comprised of a middle arrow with flankers either congruent or incongruent with its direction, and varied response requirements by using instructions indicating whether the response was compatible or incompatible with the direction of the middle arrow. There was no overall effect of extraversion group on P3 latency or RT. Group differences were apparent, however, on measures of N1 amplitude, with introverts displaying larger amplitudes than extraverts. This result is consistent with introverts' greater reactivity to stimulation than extraverts. Behaviourally, on both tasks, extraverts tended to have faster movement times than introverts. Further, on the simple reaction time task, the magnitude of the difference in movement time between introverts and extraverts remained constant across the response button distances, indicating that the differences are occurring in the initial phase of the movement, rather than in the ballistic phase. These results are in accordance with a sensory-motor theory of extraversion that underscores the importance of reactivity to sensory stimuli, and speed of motor responding.

La population carcérale des femmes pose un défi significatif au Service Correctonnel du Canada (SCC). Entre autres, les conséquences de l'incarcération ont des effets différents pour les femmes et les hommes; le système de justice pénale ne reconnait pas facilement les particularités de cette situation. De fait, cette question de la gestion des détenues se complique davantage lorsque l'on considère qu'une forte proportion de cette population est mère de famille et souvent, monoparentale. Quels sont les enjeux pour ces mères justiciables condamnées à une sentence d'incarcération? Ce projet de recherche se penche sur cette problématique et examine comment ces mères vivent le fait d'être séparées de leurs enfants mais aussi, à quel point elles sont déchues en tant que personnes responsables de leurs enfants. Nous avons choisi de traiter de cette question en procédant à des entrevues rétrospectives non-directives. L'échantillon est composé de mères criminalisées provenant de trois provinces: l'Ontario, le Québec et l'Alberta. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

This thesis argues that women's magazines in eighteenth-century England were not, as some recent scholarship has maintained, primarily instruments of gender construction. Rather, for the first seventy years of the century, periodicals directed at a mainly female readership represented a significant attempt to configure women's roles more actively within the emergent social order. Taking death as a subject, the thesis investigates the representation of death in the magazines, in order to show the ways in which they articulated and participated in the major discourses of the period, sometimes from a female perspective, and to show the ways in which the interests of women readers intersected with those of men in ways that were not always inflected by gender. The first part of the thesis is a summary account of print culture in the eighteenth century, especially with regard to the relationships between the new periodical press and the desire of eighteenth-century readers for improvement. Particular emphasis is given to this relationship in terms of women readers. The second, longer part of the thesis is an investigation into the representation of death in eighteenth-century women's magazines. This part relies extensively on primary material from the magazines and examines death in terms of changing attitudes and practices, in terms of the ways it was experienced in eighteenth-century life and reported in the magazines, and in terms of the suicide debate, a major eighteenth-century discourse that was intricately bound up with other issues of concern to the emergent middle classes.

Le but principal de cette étude était d'investiguer les facteurs qui ont motivé les jeunes femmes francophones du secondaire à abandonner leurs cours d'éducation physique et les facteurs qui les motiveraient à réintégrer ces cours. L'entrevue de groupe a été privilégiée comme instrument permettant de recueillir ces facteurs d'abandon et de réintégration. Onze entrevues de groupe ont donc été réalisées, impliquant 38 étudiantes de deux écoles secondaires francophones du sud-est du Nouveau-Brunswick. Les résultats de l'étude ont été regroupés sous cinq thèmes principaux: (a) les perceptions envers l'éducation physique et l'activité physique, (b) les sentiments à l'égard des cours d'éducation physique et à l'égard de l'activité physique, (c) les facteurs d'abandon des cours, (d) les éléments associés à un cours idéal et (e) les facteurs de réintégration à un cours d'éducation physique. Les principaux facteurs d'abandon de l'éducation physique sont reliés au manque d'importance de l'éducation physique, au contenu insatisfaisant des cours, au manque de considération pour certaines questions corporelles, à l'attitude négative du personnel enseignant, aux attitudes méprisantes des garçons et aux méthodes d'évaluation inadéquates. Les résultats de l'étude indiquent également que les facteurs qui motiveraient les jeunes femmes à réintégrer un cours d'éducation physique sont le contenu plus varié des cours, l'attitude positive du personnel enseignant, l'importance accordée à l'éducation physique, la considération des questions corporelles, les méthodes d'évaluation équitables et l'attitude respectueuse des confrères et consoeurs de classe.

Le projet de recherche intitulé "Corps et enfermement: Récits de femmes" cherche à explorer comment le corps est marqué par un passage au pénal et ce, selon la perspective de celles qui vivent l'enfermement. Les assises théoriques de cette étude dérivent de Foucault (1975) et de Garfinkel (1956). Nous examinerons, dans un premier temps, la construction d'un "corps docile" (Foucault, 1975) et, dans un deuxième temps, les "cérémonies de dégradation" (Garfinkel, 1956) qui ont lieu pendant l'incarcération. Toutefois, nous nous inspirons de Goffman (1961) en ce qui à trait au "processus de mortification" et au concept de l'"institution totalitaire". Ainsi dans le cadre de ce projet, nous exposerons tout d'abord une généalogie du corps en criminologie suivi d'un aperçu historique de l'enfermement féminin. Enfin nous présenterons un exposé des pratiques pénales qui assujettissent le corps des femmes et les façons dont ces dernières y résistent. En s'inspirant d'une approche féministe radicale, nous avons utilisé une méthodologie qui privilégiait l'entretien non directif. Dix entrevues en profondeur ont été menées avec des femmes incarcérées dans un établissement provincial canadien. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

This study examines the issue of female prison violence in provincial correctional facilities in Canada. By examining this social issue through the inmate's perspective, this study attempts to identify what types of prison violence exist, explore possible explanations, examine the consequences, and formulate suggestions on how to reduce its occurrence. In conjunction with past results on prison violence, we selected the open ended interview as the form of research methodology. Fourteen women were interviewed for the purpose of this study, and for the scope of this Master's thesis we chose to explore the issue of violence between female inmates. Therefore, collective acts of violence and violence against correctional staff at the hands of the inmates were not the focus of this study. Instead, we chose to concentrate specifically on violence exclusively experienced between the female inmates. Seven women from two different correctional facilities in two provinces participated in this study. Although several women had served both federal and provincial sentences in their appropriate facilities, only the violence witnessed or participated within provincial facilities was considered. The study reveals that regardless of the limited amount of research, media recognition, and attention about female prison violence within provincial correctional facilities, it does exist. It also reveals that these women qualified violence using different criteria. Consequently, what some women may consider as milder forms of violence, others interpret the same acts of violence as more serious. Despite the women's interpretation of seriousness, the interviews in this study reveal that there are daily acts of violence amongst the women, and the intensity of that experience is individually defined. This research also concludes by recommending that more research is required in this area.

L'objectif de cette thèse est de déterminer si l'environnement de socialisation des jeunes femmes du Québec a une influence sur leur propension à s'engager en politique. Une comparaison est faite entre l'environnement de socialisation d'un échantillon de sept militantes de 18 à 30 ans et celui de l'ensemble des femmes de cette génération. Les vecteurs de socialisation étudiés sont l'environnement socio-économique des jeunes femmes et celui de leur famille d'origine; les liens existant entre la famille et la politique et l'action communautaire; et l'exemple particulier donné par la mère. Les données vont dans le sens de l'hypothèse pour la majorité des dimensions de l'environnement pour lesquelles la comparaison a pu être réalisée. Les résultats font ressortir l'importance de l'instruction et des liens familiaux avec la politique ainsi que l'émergence de l'influence de l'exemple de la mère dans la socialisation politique.

In spite of the recent positive economic growth, millions of Canadians continue to experience the impact of unemployment. Although half of the jobless are female, women remain seriously neglected in the unemployment literature, with the few existing studies tending to be non North-American, to focus on blue-collar workers, to rely on quantitative approaches, and to result in contradictory findings. In this qualitative study, conducted from a constructivist, feminist perspective, semistructured, in-depth individual interviews and a focus-group interview were conducted with 12 unemployed women. In an atmosphere of safety and mutual respect, the women were considered the experts best able to articulate their job loss experiences. Findings largely confirm those of earlier studies of male and female unemployment, in that job loss tends to produce negative affective reactions such as shock, fear, anger and betrayal, often followed by feelings of self-blame, low self-esteem, anxiety, and even depression. Specifically, Jahoda's (1982) deprivation model of unemployment is supported by this study in that the destructive effects of job loss appear to be linked to the loss of essential categories of experience previously provided by the institution of employment. These include: income, routine, social contacts, meaningful activity, a sense of identity, and a sense of purpose. Findings also tend to negate long-held assumptions regarding the primacy of the domestic role in women's self-definitions. Moving beyond the deprivation model, the findings of this study suggest that a relational model of unemployment might better illuminate our understanding of women's job loss experiences, in that it acknowledges the centrality of relationship in female, if not human, psychological development (Gilligan, 1996). Women's unemployment, according to this proposed model, is experienced as varying degrees of disconnection, or loss of relationship, along the dimensions outlined by Jahoda's model. The relational model also informs our understanding of other important and related issues, such as the failure of the alternative role of homemaker to ameliorate the destructive impact of unemployment, and the difficulties which many women, if not all individuals, experience during the re-employment process. Implications of a relational model for unemployment theory, for workplace policies, and for the implementation of support services and re-training programs are discussed.