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Call number: LD2668 .T4 1986 E23 / Master of Science / Kinesiology

The objective of this study was to compare the effects on eating behavior, lipids, lipoproteins, lipid peroxidation, and glycemic control in women with type 2 diabetes of a high-monounsaturated fat diet (HM) compared to a high-carbohydrate diet (HC). In an outpatient feeding study, ten hypertriglyceridemic postmenopausal type 2 diabetic women alternately for six weeks consumed the HM and HC diets. On the HM diet, 45% of total calories were consumed as carbohydrate and 40% as fat (27% monounsaturated) compared to 55% carbohydrate and 30% fat (10% monounsaturated) in the HC diet. At the beginning and end of each diet phase, total lipids, lipoproteins, lipid peroxidation, and glycemic variables were measured. For 8 days in each diet phase eating pattern frequency, palatability of foods, hunger and fullness were assessed. At the end of each diet phase, taste testing to determine preference for fat was conducted. Total cholesterol was significantly decreased on the HC diet. Serum triglyceride, very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) triglyceride and cholesterol, and apolipoproteins A-1 and B were not significantly different on the two diets. When comparing initial to final values, both diets lowered LDL-C; however, the change was greater on the HM diet. Lipid peroxidation variables improved when the HM diet was consumed. Glycemic variables improved on both diets. No significant differences between total number of eating episodes on the HM and HC diet phases were found. Both diets were rated as highly palatable. Hunger and fullness ratings varied within and between subjects. However, fullness was more commonly experienced than hunger on both HM and the HC diet. Preference for fat was not found at the end ofHM or HC diets. However, subjects differed significantly in ratings for liking of foods that were salty, sour, and bitter when compared to nondiabetic women. Consumption of the HM and HC diets did not result in deterioration of lipid status. The HM diet by virtue of less oxidation of the LDL particle and improvement of glycemic control provides an important advantage over the HC diet. A description of eating behavior of women with type 2 diabetes emerged. / Graduation date: 2000

While replacement of dietary saturated fat with unsaturated fat has been advocated to reduce cardiovascular disease risk, diets high in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) could increase low density lipoprotein (LDL) susceptibility to oxidation, potentially contributing to the pathology of atherosclerosis. To assess in vivo lipid peroxidation and susceptibility, of LDL surface and core lipids to ex vivo oxidation, in women consuming increased amounts of specific unsaturated fatty acids, 15 postmenopausal women took daily supplements of sunflower oil providing 12.3 g/day of oleate, safflower oil providing 10.5 g/day of linoleate, and fish oil providing 2.0 g/day of eicosapentaenoate (EPA) and 1.4 g/day of docosahexaenoate (DHA) during a crossover trial. Plasma F₂-isoprostanes (F₂-isoP), malondialdehyde (MDA), and thiobarbituric acid reacting substances (TEARS) were measured to assess lipid peroxidation in vivo. Ex vivo oxidation of LDL was monitored by measuring the formation of phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxides (PCOOH) and cholesteryl linoleate hydroperoxides (CE18:200H) during coppermediated oxidation. Plasma free F₂-isoP and MDA concentrations were lower after EPA/DHA supplementation than after oleate (P = 0.001, F₂-isoP and 0.02, MDA) and linoleate supplementation (P = 0.04 for both F₂-isoP and MDA). However, plasma TBARS concentrations were higher after EPA/DHA than after oleate (P = 0.001) and linoleate supplementation (P = 0.0004). During LDL oxidation, the lag phase for PCOOH formation was shorter in EPA/DHA- than oleate- (P = 0.0001) and linoleate-enriched LDL (P = 0.002), while the lag phase for CE18:200H was shorter in EPA/DHA- than oleate- (P = 0.01) but not linoleate-enriched LDL. The maximal rate of PCOOH formation was lower in EPA/ DHA- than linoleate- (P = 0.007) but not oleate-enriched LDL, while the maximal rate of CE18:200H formation was lower in EPA/DHA- than oleate- (P = 0.03) and linoleate-enriched LDL (P [less than or equal to] 0.0001). The maximal concentrations of PCOOH and CE18:200H were lower in EPA/DHA- than oleate- (P [less than or equal to] 0.05) and linoleate-enriched LDL (P [less than or equal to] 0.01). Oleate-enrichment generally decreased the oxidative susceptibility of LDL surface and core lipids, while EPA/DHA-enrichment did not increase LDL oxidative susceptibility compared to linoleate-enrichment. This study emphasizes the need for more than one relevant assay of in vivo lipid peroxidation. / Graduation date: 2000

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Urinary incontinence has already been identified worldwide for years as a health problem affecting essentially women, which can interfere with their overall quality of life. However in Rwanda, this problem has yet not been addressed adequately either because of lack of expertise, or because of cultural traditions associated with taboos among women. Social conditions of women facing this problem hinder them from seeking possibly adequate medical assistance. It is important that this problem be addressed because it may lead to disability, social seclusion, psychological stress and economic burdens. This study was a pioneer one, intended to diagnose the extent of the problem through determining the prevalence of urinary incontinence as well as its impact on the quality of life among women. The study will hopefully be followed by the promotion of physiotherapy to tackle the problem and therefore reduce the number of people suffering from urinary incontinence.

<p>This study explored women's perceptions of how their illness (Rheumatoid Arthritis- RA) affects their relationship with their intimate life partner. RA is a chronic, inflammatory, auto-immune illnes, which mainly affects the synovial membranes of multiple joints. This highly inflammatory poly-arthritis may lead to joint destruction, chronic pain, deformity and loss of functioning as unfortunate outcomes of the established illness. RA affects key life domains such as psychological well-being, social well-being, family and couple relationships, employment, loss of independence and restrictions in daily functioning.</p>