Le coût, l'autonomie et la durée de vie sont les principaux aspects qui freine le public dans l'achat d'une voiture électrique. Tous ces aspects sont liés à la batterie qui ne permet de stocker qu'une quantité limitée d'énergie. Dans ces conditions, il est indispensable de maîtriser les pertes d'énergie de la chaîne de traction. La machine électrique étant le principal consommateur d'énergie, elle joue un rôle important dans l'efficacité énergétique globale. Dans ce contexte, comment réduire les pertes de la machine électrique pour la rendre plus efficace ? Pour répondre à cette question, l'objectif de ce travail est de modéliser (avec une précision suffisante) et réduire les pertes fer dans notre application machine électrique de traction afin de les maîtriser. On comblera ainsi le manque de confiance en les modèles de pertes fer que peut avoir le concepteur de machine du concepteur de machine en lui permettant de réaliser des optimisations fines jusque dans les dernières phases de développement. Dans la première partie de ce manuscrit, le lecteur découvrira alors une machine synchrone à rotor bobiné du point de vue du matériau magnétique doux. Les premières conclusions montrent qu'une modélisation fine est nécessaire pour bien prendre en compte les phénomènes générateurs de pertes. On s'intéresse également à la mesure des matériaux magnétiques doux afin de comprendre de manière générale et tangible les pertes dans le matériau. On prend également conscience de la toute première source d'incertitude des modèles, la mesure du matériau. Enfin, nous présentons les démarches couramment rencontrées dans la littérature pour la modélisation des pertes fer. Face aux limitations des modèles couramment rencontrés, le modèle LS (un modèle d'hystérésis scalaire qui décompose les pertes en une contribution statique et une contribution dynamique) est redéveloppé afin qu'il réponde encore mieux aux exigences de l'industrie automobile. Il est précis et facilement identifiable à partir de mesures faciles à réaliser. La contribution statique reprend le modèle de Preisach formulé à l'aide des fonctions d'Everett dont l'identification à partir des caractéristiques mesurées est directe. La contribution dynamique quant à elle est dorénavant identifiable à partir de caractérisations en induction sinusoïdales. La précision du modèle ainsi améliorée est ensuite validée sur 63 cas tests exigeants dont la forme de l'induction est à fort contenus harmoniques. Le modèle développé est ensuite couplé avec un modèle électromagnétique élément finis de la machine électrique et validé par l'expérience. Les mesures faites sur le matériau étant l'un des points faibles des modèles, une méthodologie permettant d'évaluer la pertinence de la plage des mesures est proposée. On dresse également un état de l'art de l'impact du process (découpage, empilement et assemblage des tôles) sur les pertes fer afin d'aider le concepteur à mettre en balance les impacts liés au process qui n'ont pu être modélisés. Enfin des méthodologies parmi lesquels, les méthodologies des plans d'expériences sont mises en place afin d'optimiser les cartographies de commandes en des temps de calcul raisonnables. On montre des gains allant jusqu'à 50% de réduction des pertes totales de la machine dans certaines zones de fonctionnement par rapport à une optimisation dont l'objectif serait de minimiser uniquement les pertes dans les conducteurs de la machine. Ces résultats montrent l'intérêt d'utiliser un modèle de pertes fer précis afin de réduire les pertes totales de la machine. / Cost, range and lifetime are the main aspects that hold back the consumer to buy electric cars. These three aspects are all related to the battery which stores a limited amount of energy. Under such condition energy consumption is a major concern in electric cars. As the major electricity consumer, electrical machines play a key role for global energy savings. In this context how the electric machine can be made more energy efficient? To answer this question this thesis aim to model (accurately enough) and reduce the iron losses in traction electrical machine for electrical car. Indeed iron loss model suffer from a lack of confidence when it comes to fine optimization during the late phase of development. This thesis answers this question and takes into account the development criteria of the car industry and the constraints of the electric car. The first part of the thesis gives an overview of the application by taking a wounded rotor synchronous machine as a case study. The reader will discover the electrical machine with a soft magnetic material perspective. First, conclusion show that fine modelling of the electric machine is necessary to achieve desired accuracy. An overview on soft magnetic material behavior and measurements is then given. The reader will then acquire a broad feeling on soft magnetic material behavior and understands the first source of inaccuracy of the models (the measurements). Then, the typical models for predicting iron losses in magnetic materials are presented in a literature review. The second part of this study focus on iron loss modelling aspect. The loss surface model (a scalar hysteresis model made of a static and dynamic contribution) is used as the base of this modelling work. The static contribution is re-developed using Everett function formulation of the Preisach model is used to allow easy identification of the model directly from measurements. The identification of the dynamic contribution is re-worked to allow identification from sine-wave measurements (triangular wave measurement previously required). The model accuracy is improved and validated on 63 test cases with high harmonic distortion wave forms. The iron loss model is then coupled to finite element model of the electric machine and the limits of the model are investigated. One of the limits coming from measurement limitation, a methodology to evaluate the relevance of the measurement range is proposed. A literature review of the main impact of the process including cutting, stacking and assembling effects on electrical steel magnetic characteristics is intended to complement the modelling work to help the decision making of the designer on aspects that cannot be modeled. Finally methodologies playing with the modelling hypothesis and involving design of experiment and response surface are presented to reduce computational time and allow the optimization of the control of the machine. The optimizations carried out show total machine loss reduction up to 50% for some working point of the machine compared to an optimization dedicated to minimize only Joule's losses. This results show the interest of using a reliable iron loss model to reduce the total loss of the machine.

This study examines the literary texts of the Ligurian writer Giuseppe Conte published between 1972 and 2005. In Part One, the reasons are considered which justify this research on Giuseppe Conte. This author is discussed in the context of the literary movements of the second half of the 20th century in Italy, with special reference to his approach to literature, which proposes a modern rewriting of myth. Conte is in fact a co-founder of "Mitomodernismo". "Mitomodernismo" is a literary movement, established in 1994 and currently still active, which aims to revive modern society through a spiritual rebirth promoted by a recovery of basic human values, as these appear within the boundaries already suggested by myth since antiquity. The Mitomodernisti propose an alternative which could assist contemporaries to overcome the obstacles created by modern "maladies", particularly in the West, whether these be socio-cultural, ecological, or religious. Throughout Conte's entire æuvre one clearly perceives this strong desire for rebirth which for the author is concretised in "Fare Anima", that is, a way to reconnecting with the universe, of rising towards the "light". This tension towards rebirth could be compared metaphorically to the quest for the Graal, which involves suffering as a way to redemption. The artist's visionary work is comparable to the extrasensory journey undertaken by the shaman during his trance. For this reason, in Part One of this study the figure of the shaman will also be examined in a socio-cultural context, in order to transfer it better to the literary context. The whole of Part Two is dedicated to an analysis of Conte's æuvre - poetry, novels and also, but only indirectly, essays and articles - in the light of his fundamental themes, which metaphorically turn the writer into a "shaman". The analysis is based on some concepts put forward by the Swiss psycho-analyst Carl Gustav Jung, such as the function and symbolism of myth in literature from a psychoanalytical perspective. RIASSUNTO In questo studio vengono prese in esame le opere dello scrittore ligure Giuseppe Conte, pubblicate dal 1972 al 2005. Nella Parte Prima vengono considerate le ragioni che giustificano questa ricerca su Giuseppe Conte. L'autore viene discusso nel contesto dei movimenti letterari del secondo Novecento in Italia, ed in particolare il suo approccio alla letteratura che propone una riscrittura del mito in chiave moderna. Lo scrittore è infatti uno dei cofondatori del "Mitomodernismo". Il "Mitomodernismo" è un movimento letterario che vide la luce nel 1994 e che è ancora attivo alla data attuale. Esso si prefigge di risanare la società moderna mediante una rinascita spirituale promossa dalla ripresa dei valori umani di base, simili a quelli suggeriti dal mito fin dai tempi antichi. A tutto ciò i Mitomodernisti propongono un'alternativa che aiuti l'uomo contemporaneo a superare gli impedimenti creati da queste "malattie" moderne, particolarmente nell'ambito occidentale, siano queste socioculturali, ecologiche, religiose, o altre. Attraverso tutta l'opera di Conte si percepisce chiaramente questo desiderio di rinascita che per lo scrittore si concretizza nel "Fare Anima", vale a dire in un modo di ricollegarsi al cosmo, di innalzarsi verso la "luce". Questa tensione verso la rinascita può venire metaforicamente comparata alla ricerca del Graal attraverso la sofferenza che redime. L'opera visionaria dell'artista è paragonabile al viaggio extrasensoriale intrapreso dallo sciamano durante la sua trance. Per questo motivo nella Prima Parte di questo studio si esamina la figura dello sciamano anche in ambito socioculturale per poterla poi meglio trasferire in quello letterario. La Parte Seconda è completamente dedicata all'analisi dell'opera contiana - poesie, romanzi e, trasversalmente, i saggi e gli articoli alla luce dei suoi temi portanti, che dello scrittore fanno metaforicamente uno "sciamano". L'analisi viene condotta basandosi su alcuni concetti elaborati dallo psicoanalista svizzero Carl Gustav Jung, quali la funzione ed il simbolismo del mito in letteratura da una prospettiva psicoanalitica. / Classics and Mod Euro Lang / D. Lit. et Phil.

Mass accidents and catastrophes do not occur on a daily scale, they occur irregularly and unpredictably and always have devastating consequences that negatively affect the society or nature. They are usually accompanied by a large number of casualties or damage whose removal cannot be managed using usual local means. To cope with such events, it is necessary to have a professionally trained staff in the Integrated Rescue System and an appropriate coordination of rescue and liquidation. In recent years, there has been an increase of such incidents which have resulted in a mass disability of people. The events of recent days have brought a series of terrorist acts, for example in Paris or Brusselles, of suicide bombings that claimed 130 dead and numerous wounded. These acts, which are associated with the current migration crisis on the European continent, cause considerable tension in the society and evoke questions like whether the readiness of IRS to eliminate the consequences of such events is sufficient. Due to these facts, the thesis tries to find out what knowledge the members of the emergency medical service in South Bohemia have on the issue of disaster medicine and mass accidents. The theoretical part of the thesis titled Knowledge of the Members of the Emergency Medical Service in SB on Disaster Medicine and Mass Accidents defines disaster medicine and all tasks and subjects it deals with. It also mentions the Integrated Rescue System including its basic and other components, its powers and organizational structure resulting from the legislation. Furthermore, it describes the security system and planning, specifically crisis and emergency planning, up to the individual partial plans related to this issue. Finally, the thesis deals with the organization of emergencies with a mass disability of people and a detailed procedure of medical emergency regarding the sorting and evacuation of the wounded. The aim of this thesis is to map the knowledge of the members of the emergency medical service in SB, which concern the issue of disaster medicine and mass accidents, where the level of knowledge is later analyzed to confirm or disprove the hypothesis that the knowledge of the SB IRS members corresponds with a normal distribution frequency. The practical part uses a quantitative method based on questionnaires completed anonymously, where 50 questionnaires were selected randomly as a statistical set. The survey focuses on a group of emergency workers in South Bohemia. The meetings with them were organized during previous practical studies. The results of the survey were analyzed using statistical investigation. The statistical investigation used the methods of scaling, measurement of the absolute, relative and cumulative frequency. Later on, the empirical parametres used for non-parametric testing were counted. The results of this pilot study indicate the current state of the knowledge of the SB IRS members on disaster medicine and mass accidents. The thesis will be a beneficial study material for current and future paramedics and students of the field of population protection.

Ensamhet blir allt mer normalt i det svenska samhället, paradoxalt nog är det inte normativt att vara ensam. Det blir tydligt när det kommer till unga mäns intersubjektiva förståelse för ensamhet och hur det uttrycks på Flashbacks incels-forum. Denna uppsats syftar till att genom antropologiska metoder och men en socialkonstruktivistisk analys med förankring i kritisk mansforskning och queerteori utforska incels uttryckta upplevelse av ensamhet i det svenska samhället. Det finns samhällsstrukturer om relationskapande och maskulinitet som skapar, påverkar och reproducerar ensamhet, vilket denna studie avser att förstå. Incel-fenomenet ifrågasätts därmed i denna studie som en social konstruktion, det vill säga, istället för att utgå från att det är ett hälsoproblem eller säkerhetsproblem, så ifrågasätter studien huruvida dessa benämningar, och de diskurser som dem bygger på, återspeglar fenomenets sociala förutsättningar. Fokuset är således inte att värdera eller förringa incels. Uppsatsen bygger främst på intervjuer med självidentifierade incels och netnografiska observationerna från Flashbacks forum, vilket ligger till grund för analysen. Det huvudsakliga resultatet pekar på att det inte finns någon entydig definition av incel men att det existerar en tydlig bild av incels-typen som har olika associationer beroende på kontexten i vilken det studeras. Den uttryckta upplevelsen av ensamhet bland svenska incels varierar men gemensamt är att samtliga behöver förhålla sig till maskulinitetsnormer och heteronormativa strukturer för samlevnad i Sverige. De som inte uppfyller samhällets förväntningar utsätts för sanktioner i form av marginalisering, patologisering och exkludering. Vilket i sin tur skapar förutsättningar för unga män att relatera till incels genom genmanskapen av det lidande ensamheten frambringar hos dem.

This thesis is a case analysis of the nature of delays in emergency room admissions and the effects on ambulance dispatching and availability as it occurred in Southern California.

Studien handlar om patienters upplevelse av vilka fördelar och nackdelar det finns med att personal använder egna erfarenheter av ätstörningar som en resurs i vårdarbetet. Insamlingen av empirin genomfördes i form av åtta stycken kvalitativa intervjuer där forskaren intervjuade patienter som går i behandling för ätstörningar. Samtliga intervjupersoner hade varit i kontakt med personal som har egna erfarenheter av ätstörningar. Ämnet analysers utifrån teoretiska begrepp som erfarenhetskunskap, förståelse, bemötande, identifikation och att vara en förebild respektive överidentifikation, motöverföring samt självexponering. Resultatet visar att det finns flera fördelar med att personal använder egna erfarenheter av ätstörningar. Denna personal kan bland annat tillhandahålla en särskild resurs inom vårdarbetet, nämligen erfarenhetskunskap, vilket är en typ av kunskap som inte går att läsa sig till och som övrig personal därför inte kan bistå med. Patienterna upplever även att personal med egna erfarenheter av ätstörningar har en ökad förståelse för deras sjukdomssituation och kan hjälpa patienterna att förstå sig själva bättre genom att förklara varför de tänker, känner eller agerar på att visst sätt. Patienterna beskriver även att denna personal har ett bättre bemötande gentemot dem på så sätt att de får patienterna att inte känna sig lika utsatta i den hjälpsökande positionen samt har förmågan att se sjukdomen utifrån ett individuellt perspektiv istället för att enbart utgå ifrån diagnosens kännetecken. Deltagarna upplever att de kan identifiera sig med personalens sjukdomsupplevelse och resa till att bli frisk vilket leder till att patienterna lättare tar till sig denna personals budskap. Patienterna kan se anställda med egna erfarenheter av ätstörningar som förebilder eftersom att de lyckades bli friska och stå emot ätstörningen. Denna personal har även en förmåga att reducera patientens känsla av skam kring sjukdomen eftersom att den anställde själv har varit sjuk tidigare. Studiens resultat visar även att det finns nackdelar med att personal använder sig av sina egna erfarenheter av ätstörningar i vårdarbetet. En nackdel är när personalens arbete påverkas av överidentifikation vilket ges i uttryck när personalen antar saker som inte stämmer om patienters sjukdomstillstånd baserat på deras egna sjukdomsupplevelser, vilket skapar frustration hos patienten. Personalens motöverföring kan även påverka hur de utformar behandlingen eftersom att denna personal har en känslomässig koppling till sjukdomen vilket kan resultera i att det är svårare att ställa krav på patienterna. Patienterna beskriver även att personalens självexponering kan påverkar deras behandling negativt om personalen berättar något om sin tidigare sjukdomsupplevelse som kan ge patienten nya ätstörda idéer eller vara triggande. Alternativt om personalen fokuserar för mycket på att berätta om sina egna erfarenheter istället för att fokusera på patientens behandling. Om personalens självexponering uppfattas vara oprofessionell i patientens ögon kan det få vårdtagaren att tveka på den professionellas kompetens. / The study is about patients' experience of the advantages and disadvantages of staff using their own experience of eating disorders as a resource in the care work. The gathering if empiric was conducted in the form of eight qualitative interviews where the researcher interviewed patients undergoing treatment for eating disorders. All interviewees have previously been in contact with staff who have their own experience of eating disorders. The subject of the study is analyzed based on theoretical themes such as experience knowledge, understanding, treatment, identification, being a role model, over-identification, countertransference and self-disclosure. The results show that there are several benefits that staff use their own experience of eating disorders. This staff may, among other things, provide a special resource in the field of care, namely experience knowledge, which is a type of knowledge individuals can’t learn by reading, so other staff do not possess this knowledge. Patients also find that staff with their own experiences of eating disorders have a better understanding of their disease situation and can help patients to understand themselves better, by explaining why they think, feel or act in a certain way. Patients also describe that these staff treat them better, in a certain way that they make the patients feel less vulnerable in their care-seeking position and has the ability to see the disease from an individual perspective instead of being based solely on the diagnosis's characteristics. Participants find that they can identify themselves whit the staff's disease experience and travel to recovery, which leads to that the patients more easily receive this personals message. Patients can see employees with their own experience of eating disorders as role models, because they managed to get healthy and resist eating disorders. This staff also has the ability to reduce the patient's sense of shame about the disease, because the employee self has been ill previously. The study's results also show that there are disadvantages to staff using their own experience of eating disorders in the care word. On disadvantage is when staff work is affected by over-identification, which is expressed in terms of staff assuming things that do not match patient's disease state based on their own disease experiences, which causing the patient to feel frustrated. The countertransference of the staff can also affect how they design the treatment because these personal have an emotional link to the disease, which may result that it is more difficult to make demands to the patient. Patients also describe that staffs’ self-disclosure may adversely affect their treatment if the staff tells something about their own previous disease experience that can give the patient new eating ideas or be triggering. Alternatively, the staff focus too much on telling their own experiences instead of focusing on the patient's treatment. If the self-disclosure of the staff is perceived to be unprofessional in the patient's eyes, it may cause that the patient will be doubtful about their professional competence.

My goal for this thesis is to investigate the concept of (mis)labeling female protagonists in contemporary British fiction as mentally ill—historically labeled as madness—when subjected to traumatic events. The female protagonists in two novels by Sophie Mackintosh, The Water Cure (2018) and Blue Ticket (2020), and Jenni Fagan’s 2012 novel The Panopticon, are raised in environments steeped in trauma and strict, hegemonic structures that actively work to control and mold their identities. In The Panopticon, this system is called “the experiment”; in The Water Cure, it is personified by the character King and those who follow him; and in Blue Ticket, it is the social structure as a whole reflected in the character of Doctor A. To simply label these novels’ woman protagonists as ill would be to ignore that their behavior is not mental illness but in fact rational behavior produced by the traumatic dystopian environments.

The Harry Potter series has been part of many kids’ socio-cultural context since 1997, and is a phenomenon that has had a huge impact on them (many of whom are now adults). It is argued that some kids’ identities and spiritualties may have been directly shaped, and may continue to be directly shaped, by the alternative sacred story presented by Rowling. As this has the Christ discourse woven into its narrative, there are kids who are using the Gospel values on a daily basis, whether they are aware of it or not. Rowling’s fantasy asks readers to question the impact that the dominant discourses of their ‘realities’ may be having on their identities and spiritualities, putting them in a position to question if that is indeed who they want to be. This study was motivated by how kids, who live in a Western society where one of the sacred stories is power/materialism/consumerism, can not only appreciate, but also live out (in lived theology) values of the Harry Potter series which are in complete opposition to the Western sacred story of power/consumerism/materialism. Since the consumerist discourse places a heavy burden on people to keep up with their socio-world, if they do not live up to these demands they will simply not ‘fit in’. People, especially kids, do not want to be perceived as outcasts. Practical theology seeks to react to, and understand the shifts that have a direct implication on how people’s lives are lived out and affected daily, in response to their socio-cultural world. One such shift is how people are now seeking ultimate answers from alternative sources such as for example literature, and specifically in this thesis, the Harry Potter series. Therefore, when a fantasy, such as Harry Potter, is published, it is important to question what kind of transformational and even transcendental impact it may be having on them. This is also an important question from a lived theology perspective as the Harry Potter series is lived religion. Lived theology seeks to understand how people practice and apply the sacred outside the Church and the four Gospels, while still using the Gospel message to live out their life on some level every day. These values include people’s practices, their actions towards others within their socio-cultural context and their personal sacred experiences that may allow them to transcend the way in which materialism affects their identity and spirituality. Lived theology seeks to understand how these values may affect practical theology. While some people no longer feel comfortable with/drawn to the Church, and feel alienated from the Gospels that were written for a socio-cultural context that is very different from Western society today, this does not mean that human beings are no longer spiritual/religious/Christian. They continue to seek for answers to the ultimate question at different stages of their lives. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2014. / gm2015 / Practical Theology / PhD / Unrestricted

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The impact of religious conversion on cultural identity is a study of conversion story of South African Indian Anglican Christians rooted in the oppressive history of casteism in India and Racism in South Africa. This study has used multi discipline approach using various schools of human sciences and broader theological framework in dealing with moral and ethical issues. This study defends the religious conversions and highlights the impact it has made on cultural identity of converts from social, economic, psychological and spiritual perspectives. While highlighting the positive impact of religious conversion on cultural identity this study has also pointed out some ambiguities attached to this process. This study looks into the possibilities of Native and Indian Christians working together to create a healing culture in South Africa. An attempt is made to point out the interrelatedness of the experiences of suffering of Native Christians and Indian Christians from indentured backgrounds in South Africa. This study does not cover disparity issues between native Africans and the Indian Community in South Africa. However, an attempt is made to encourage Indian Christians in South Africa to connect with the pain and pathos of poor communities in South Africa. This study encourages the Indian Christians hi South Africa to read Dalit theology and get involved with Black theologians in formulating appropriate mission praxis for their mission and ministry in post apartheid South Africa. This study concludes on a positive note and hope based on my eight years of ministry in Lenasia. During my ministry I had experienced that South African Anglican Indian Christians and native Christians have the developing ability and capacity to become a spiritual resource in building a transformed and transforming society in South Africa. I could see in them a reconciled 'wounded healers' and for me this is a powerful impact of religious conversion on their cultural identity, "Victims' now have the capacity to act as 'Wounded Healers'. / Religious Studies & Arabic / D.Th. (Religious Studies)