The assumption of the present study is that teachers should possess an adequate understanding of the nature of science and scientific method and hence this aspect was investigated. The empirical research carried out with Secondary School teacher trainees at Botswana colleges of education showed the following: Subjects possess an adequate understanding of some aspects of the nature of science and several aspects of the scientific method. They however do not have an adequate understanding on certain aspects of the nature of science. An association was found between the nature of science, type of educational institution attended, years of study and majoring in science. A positive association was found between scientific method and years spent studying. The present study recommended the inclusion of history, philosophy and sociology of science in the curriculum of teacher education. / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (with specialisation in Natural Science Education)

Text in Afrikaans with summaries in Afrikaans and English / The child in his middle childhood years are confronted with physical, emotional, psychological and intellectual demands. The support from his parents enables him to make changes by using them as male and female role models. With a physically absent father the child has to face his absence and learn to handle it. The aim of this study was to investigate the child in the middle childhood’s experience of a physically absent father. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with thirteen respondents within the middle childhood years with the aim to explore their perceptions, experiences and how they manage with a physically absent father. The data collected during the empirical study was analyzed and compared with existing literature as a control mechanism. The study was completed with conclusions and recommendations that could be of value during an intervention with children in the middle childhood years experiencing a physically absent father. / Social Work / M.Diac. (Spelterapie)

Text in Afrikaans / Die Kerk van God bestaan uit mense wat tot geloof gekom het in Jesus Christus. Volwassenes maak nie alleen deel uit van die kerk nie, maar ook kinders. Die plaaslike gemeente se roeping is om in sy bedieningstrategie te fokus op die behoeftes van die kind (6 - 12 jaar). Die leefwereld van die kind binne die geografiese grense van Nelspoort, Murraysburg, Merweville en Beaufort-Wes word sterk beinvloed deur gebrekkige sosio-ekonomiese en politieke toestande. Die V.G.K., wat daarvoor verantwoordelik is om die kinders (6-12 jaar) in genoemde dorpe te bedien, slaag nie daarin om 'n effektiewe bediening te loods nie. Gebrek aan opgeleide personeel, basiese lesmateriaal en gebrekkige kennis van die ontwikkelingsfases van die kind in genoemde ouderdomsgroep vererger die situasie. Die studie bied riglyne vir die V.G.K. op die platteland om 'n meer effektiewe kinderbedieningstrategie (plattelandse kind) daar te stel, wat die unieke behoeftes en spesifieke omstandighede waarin kinders lewe, asook die ontwikkelingsfases waarin hulle verkeer, uit te lig. / The Church of God consists of people (Adults and Children) who believe in God. The local congregation focus on the needs of the child (6-12 years). The enviroment of the child who lives within the geographic boundaries of Nelspoort, Murraysburg, Merweville and Beaufort West is influenced by retarted sosio-economic and political circumstances. The U.R.C. which serve the child (6-12 years) in the afore mentioned towns, fails to initiate and implement an effective service. Lack of trained staff, basic learning material and insufficient knowledge of the development phases of the child within the mentioned age groups exacerbates the situation. The study offers guidelines for the U.R.C. (rural) to have a more effective child service strategy (rural children) in place which attends to the unique needs and specific circumstances under which the children live as well as the developmental phases they are in. / Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology / M. Diac. (Jeugwerk)

Afrikaans text / As sielkundige in privaat praktyk neem die navorser waar dat 'n negatiewe selfkonsep onderliggend is tot verskeie aanmeldingsprobleme, asook die kind se onvermoe om te aktualiseer, ten einde sy volle potensiaal te bereik. Opvoedkundige sielkundiges het 'n behoefte geidentifiseer aan hulpverleningsingrepe om die probleem aan te spreek. Dit het gelei tot die daarstel van 'n model: "Model vir psigoterapeutiese vaardigheidsopleiding aan die kind met die oog op selfkonsepverbetering". Hierdie model het die opheffing van selfkonsepgebreke, deur middel van psigoterapeutiese vaardigheidsopleiding, ten doel. Die model is saamgestel vanuit die navorser se praktykervaring en 'n literatuurstudie wat gelei bet tot die samestelling van konseptuele raamwerke vir selfkonsep en psigoterapeutiese vaardigheidsopleiding. Seltkonsepgebreke is in hierdie studie in verband gebring met vaardigheidstekorte. Dit bet daartoe gelei dat selfkonsepgebreke aangespreek kon word deur gebruik te maak van vaardigheidsopleiding. Die slotsom waartoe gekom is, is dat daar 'n verbetering in die selfkonsep van kinders in die middelkinderjare plaasgevind bet met die toepassing van die model. Volgens opvoedkundige sielkundiges in privaatpraktyk le die waarde van die model en die riglyne vir die operasionalisering daarvan, daarin dat dit praktiese toepassingswaarde bet in die proses van hulpverlening. / As a psychologist in private practice, the researcher notices that a negative self-concept is underlying to several initial reported problems, as well as the child's inability to actualize in order to reach his full potential. Educational psychologists identified the necessity for supportive intervention to address this problem. This has led to the establishing of a model: "Model for psychotherapeutic skills training for the child with the purpose of improving self-concept". This model aims to relinquish self-concept shortcomings by means of psychotherapeutic skills training. This model has been constructed from the researcher's experience in her practice as well as a literature study, which led to the compilation of conceptual frameworks for self-concept and psychotherapeutic skills training. In this study, self-concept shortcomings have been linked to the lack of skills. This has resulted in self-concept shortcomings to be addressed by skills training. The conclusion which has been reached is that there is an improvement in the self-concept of children in mid-childhood years with the implementation of the model. According to educational psychologists in private practice, the value of the model and the guidelines for the implementation thereof, lie in the the fact that the model has practical applicational worth in the process of rendering support. / Psychology of Education / D. Ed. (Psychology of Education)

Pendant l’entre-deux-guerres, pédagogues et pouvoirs publics attendent des élèves musiciens étrangers formés à Paris qu’ils deviennent, selon une expression d’Henri Rabaud, directeur du Conservatoire, « les plus utiles propagateurs de la culture française » : par leurs déplacements, ces musiciens voyageurs assureraient la diffusion internationale de techniques musicales et de partis pris esthétiques français. Nous confrontons ce transfert culturel désiré à sa réalisation. La correspondance des institutions avec les pouvoirs publics souligne d’abord les enjeux que recouvre la venue de ces élèves en France. Les archives des écoles de musique, partiellement inédites, alimentent ensuite une base de données prosopographique identifiant les apprentis étrangers. La presse musicale et les récits de vie témoignent enfin de l’insertion de ces jeunes artistes dans la vie musicale parisienne et internationale, et permettent d’évaluer l’efficacité des mesures prises en faveur des élèves étrangers. / During the interwar years, foreign music students trained in Paris are expected from teachers and public authorities to become « the most useful propagators of French culture », according to director of Conservatoire, Henri Rabaud’s words : through moving abroad, those traveler musicians shall spread musical techniques and French aesthetical bias all over the world. We are confronting this cultural transfer to its fulfilment. First, the correspondence between institutions and public authorities emphasizes issues caused by these students coming to France. Then, the partly unpublished archives of music schools form a prosopographic data base identifying foreign young musicians. Musical press and life stories finally attest that these young artists are integrated in parisian as well as international musical life, and allow also to estimate the effect of measures in favour of foreign students.

This thesis is focused on application methods of dendrochronology on various ecological and historical aspects of forest communities, human management practices, and historical utilization of wood. Studies revealed growth responses of trees in various type of forest vegetation represented by spruce forest, alder carr and alluvial forests and involved autochthonous tree species with all morphological types of wood. These works demonstrated necessity of dynamic evolving of the regional chronologies for the Czech Republic.

My thesis aims at the function of breakfast and after school clubs based on children's, parents and supervisors' views. The quantitative research took place in three different clubs in three different local primary schools, and the other part of the qualitative research is based on semi structured interviews with 5 different after school members of staff. The theoretical part of my thesis analyses the topic free time before and after school and two concrete sociological researches. Furthermore it describes the function of before and after school clubs based on Pavkova and Hajek literature. The next part is aimed at supervisors' and family function. The last part of my theoretical thesis is aimed at pupils milestones at primary schools. The practical part is devided into qualitative and quantitative research. In the quantitative research the questionnaires for parents and children have been analysed and seen in tables and grafs. The research questions aim at to find out what is perceived as the most important function of before and after school clubs and what they liked to be improved. The qualitative part is aimed at analysing a semi-structured questionnaire. It aims at supervisors' purpose, relationships between them and the parents, relationships between the pupils and members of staff.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:32:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ThaisGB.pdf: 4320063 bytes, checksum: c97c01facb2aed61dd49fc01568c6ca9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-26 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / The squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common malignant neoplasm of epithelial origin in oral cavity and present high capacity to invade adjacent structures. Traditionally, SCC has a predominance of 50 years male patients with long-time use of tobacco and alcohol, and the tongue is the most affected anatomic site. At present, there is an increasing incidence of SCC in patients below 40 years of age, who has been exposed or not to risk factors, mainly for tongue lesions. This study aims to analyze cell proliferation index using Ki-67 antigen in SCC of the tongue for two groups of different age range: until 40 years and older than 50 years. The first group was composed by 16 patients and the second one was composed by 20 patients. Clinicopathological features of the cases were also assessed. There was a male predominance in both groups. Tobacco and alcohol habits were common for patients until 40 years (72,2%), as well as for patients older than 50 years (52,9%). The first group had statistical association with the presence of regional metastases (p = 0,036) and with the most advanced stages of the disease (p = 0,012). Considering the histological malignancy grading, there was higher incidence (56,2%) of high malignancy grade tumors in the group of patients until 40 years old, but no statistical difference has found between groups and histologic malignancy grading. Regarding the immunohistochemical expression of Ki-67, there was no statistically significant difference between the antibody expression of the groups, as well as between other clinical and histopathological parameters. This study identified no significant difference regarding cell proliferation between the analyzed groups / O Carcinoma Epiderm?ide (CE) ? a neoplasia maligna de origem epitelial que mais ocorre na cavidade oral, com alta capacidade de invadir estruturas adjacentes. Classicamente, o CEO ocorre mais em homens com idade acima de 50 anos, que fazem uso de tabaco e ?lcool por longos per?odos de tempo, sendo a l?ngua, o s?tio anat?mico mais frequentemente acometido. Atualmente, vem se percebendo um aumento na incid?ncia dessa les?o em pacientes com idade abaixo dos 40 anos expostos ou n?o a fatores de risco, principalmente as les?es de l?ngua. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar o ?ndice de prolifera??o celular, utilizando o anticorpo Ki-67em CEs de l?ngua em dois grupos de faixas et?rias distintas. Tamb?m, avaliaram-se as caracter?sticas cl?nico-patol?gicas dos casos constantes do estudo. A amostra se constituiu de 16 casos de pacientes com idade at? 40 anos e 20 casos de pacientes com idade acima de 50 anos. Em rela??o ?s caracter?sticas cl?nicopatol?gicas das les?es, o sexo masculino foi o mais acometido para os dois grupos, sendo evidenciado que o h?bito de beber e fumar foi frequente tanto para os pacientes com idade at? 40 anos (72,7%) como para os pacientes com idade acima dos 50 anos (52,9%). Foi poss?vel observar que houve uma associa??o estatisticamente significativa entre o grupo de pacientes com idade at? 40 anos e a presen?a de met?stase regional (p = 0,036), bem como entre o mesmo grupo e os est?gios mais avan?ados da doen?a (p = 0,012). Em rela??o ? grada??o histol?gica de malignidade, houve uma maior frequ?ncia de tumores classificados em alto grau de malignidade no grupo de pacientes com at? 40 anos (56,2%), mas n?o foi evidenciada diferen?a estat?stica entre os grupos e a grada??o histol?gica de malignidade. Quanto ? an?lise da express?o imuno-histoqu?mica pelo Ki-67, n?o houve diferen?a estatisticamente significativa entre a express?o do anticorpo para os grupos et?rios estudados nesta pesquisa, assim como n?o houve associa??o do ?ndice de positividade para o Ki-67 com os par?metros cl?nicos e histomorfol?gicos. Pode-se concluir que a prolifera??o celular n?o foi significativamente diferente entre os grupos que constitu?ram o presente estudo

The thesis is aimed on the role of seniors in the society of the west type with the stress on the society in the Czech Republic. In the theoretical part there is discussed the problematic of active life-conception in old years as the important condition of social health of both senior-ladies and senior-men. In next section there are presented myths having the base in the oldness and there are outlined the possibilities that seniors have in this area in the Czech Republic. Further, in the work there are discussed main problems that seniors have in recent society preferring youthfulness and sexual activity.In the practical part of the thesis there are presented some significant results of the research ``Senior-women in Roman Catholic Church{\crqq} that surveys the active life-conception, life style and life-contentment of its members older than sixty five years. There is discussed the influence of dissimilarities having the base in the difference in education or social status of senior-women or whether they live in the city or in a small village.

Le manuscrit Aix-en-Provence, bibliothèque municipale, 428/(306) contient deux ensembles de textes. Le premier, La Chanson de Bertrand du Guesclin, est un poème épique rimé retraçant la vie de Bertrand du Guesclin (1320-1380), modeste chevalier breton qui s'illustre lors de la première partie de la Guerre de Cent Ans et devient connétable de France. Cette biographie a été composée par un certain Cuvelier entre 1380 et 1385, peu après la mort du guerrier. Le second est un ensemble de sept pièces lyriques écrites en mémoire de Bertrand, dont certaines sont attribuées à Eustache Deschamps. La première œuvre, à la fois récit historique, épopée, éloge posthume, biographie et poème, tient une place de choix dans la production littéraire de l'époque, puisqu'elle est considérée comme étant la dernière chanson de geste à avoir été rédigée en français. Les poèmes à la gloire du connétable sont pleinement en adéquation avec le renouveau lyrique de la fin du Moyen Age. A travers notre travail, nous souhaitons faire découvrir ou redécouvrir ces textes mal connus. Nous fournissons, avec la transcription de tous les textes originaux du manuscrit, la description des autres témoins, une étude littéraire incluant une analyse du contexte ainsi que de nouvelles informations sur l'auteur, une analyse linguistique du texte, des notes critiques, un glossaire, un index des noms propres, la liste des proverbes et une bibliographie sélective. / The manuscript Aix-en-Provence, municipal library, 428(306) contains two different texts. The first, La Chanson de Bertrand du Guesclin, is a rimed epic poem telling the life of Bertrand du Guesclin (1320-1380), a Britain knight from a modest background who took part of the One Hundred Years War, and would become the constable of France. This biography has been written by a certain Cuvelier between 1380 and 1385, right after Bertrand's death. The second is a set of seven lyric poems written in memory of Bertrand, three of which were written by Eustache Deschamps. The first text, at the same time historical, epic, a tribute, biographie and poem, has a considerable importance in the literary production of the day as the last chanson de geste to be written in French. The poems celebrating the constable are fully in line with the lyric revival of the end of the 14th century. Through our study, we like to discover or rediscover this underrated work ; we will provide original text of the manuscript, descriptions of the other manuscripts, a literary review including a study of the context and new information about the author, a linguistic study, critical notes, a glossary, an index, a list of proverbs, and a comprehensive bibliography.