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The protesting youths of Hong Kong : post-80s reimaginings of politics through self, body, and spaceLam-Knott, Sonia Yue Chuen January 2015 (has links)
This thesis examines the political activism of Hong Kong youths known as the Post-80s. In contrast to dominant discourse in Hong Kong claiming that these youths are driven by economic concerns, based on 18 months of fieldwork, I suggest that the Post-80s are instead striving to reimagine what politics means as a part of life in the postcolonial city. It is emphasised that youths are 'protesting' as an act of rejecting mainstream politics, and as a means to realise their desire for a different form of politics to emerge in the city. By bringing youth voices to the forefront, this thesis addresses two broad themes - why and how the Post-80s protest. The thesis first provides an overview of Hong Kong politics, arguing that youths express a deep sense of dissatisfaction towards the political culture in society dictated by financial interests, and towards the hierarchical structures within the political domains that stifle the public voice. The thesis then reviews how the Post-80s challenge these conditions by positing a form of alternative politics predicated on individualistic self-representation manifesting through the self, body, and space. I look at youth claims that becoming political is an 'individual choice', and the ways in which their strong sense of individuality interacts with/counteracts the limitations on their political participation imposed by familial ties and gender roles. I then explore Post-80s attempts to dispel bodily passivity in protests through the incorporation of performance art into their political actions to empower the individual activist, and analyse youth attempts to reconfigure urban space into political sites of individualistic experimentation. The conclusion reviews the impact Post-80s activism has had on the realpolitik of the city, noting the inherent contradictions within the political efforts of the Post-80s and their limited ability to inflict widespread structural changes in Hong Kong politics.
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The role of youths in Zimbabwe Liberation Struggle: A case study of Bulilima District, 1960-1980.Ngwenya, Christopher 18 September 2017 (has links)
PhD (History) / Department of Development Studies / This study is about the involvement and participation of Bulilima youths in Zimbabwe’s
national liberation struggle from 1960 to 1980. The study describes and explains how and
to what extent Bulilima youths were involved and participated in Zimbabwean guerrilla
war. Bulilima is a border district between Zimbabwe and Botswana which, from 1960 –
1980 became Zimbabwe People’s Revolutionary Army (ZIPRA) guerrillas’ central and key
strategic entry point into and exit out of Rhodesia (Zimbabwe). For the purposes of this
study, the term youth refers to young people between the ages of twelve and twenty-five,
born in Bulilima District between 1945 and 1967. During the guerrilla war, the use of the
category youth was political, with biological and cultural aspects also taken into account.
The study is primarily based on the war experiences of twenty-six women and twenty-six
men who were youths during the time period of the study (1960 – 1980). It is qualitative
and involves forty-eight open-ended interviews in the major villages of Bulilima District.
The interviews are complemented by a survey of both primary and secondary sources. It
is hoped that the results of this study will raise salient issues on the involvement and
participation of Bulilima youths in Zimbabwe’s liberation struggle.
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Critical thinking of adolescents with regard to political issuesPienaar, Gregory Edward 11 1900 (has links)
Summaries in English and Afrikaans / The second fully democratic election in South Africa is scheduled to take place in May 1999.
In the five years since the first election, it appears that very little attention has been paid to the
political literacy of the electorate in general, and the youth in particular. The purpose of this
study was to establish adolescents' level of political knowledge and whether they are able to
think critically about political issues or not.
The first part of the literature study which was concerned with critical thinking revealed that
the major aspects of critical thinking are: deductive reasoning, inductive inference, recognition
of assumptions, credibility, and problem solving. The second part of the literature study was
an analysis of which factors may play a role in the development of critical thinking of an
adolescent. with particular reference to a political context. The third part was an examination
of important current political and social issues. These were: the new Constitution. Truth and
Reconciliation Commission, housing, land redistribution, education, labour, health, crime,
political violence, environment, and the next election.
A reliable measuring instrument was developed in order to measure adolescents' knowledge
of political issues, and their ability to think critically about these issues. The results of the
empirical study revealed that intellectual potential and academic achievement were
significantly related to critical thinking ability, while gender, environment, and personality
appeared not to play a role. There was a significant correlation between political knowledge
and critical thinking in a political context, implying that critical thinking is subject-specific.
Cultural background also played a significant role in critical thinking in a political context.
In terms of political knowledge, boys were found to be at a significantly higher level than girls.
The subjects from urban areas were also at a significantly higher level than those from rural
areas. There was also a positive correlation between intellectual potential, academic
achievement, and political knowledge.
Finally, some recommendations for improving the levels of political knowledge and critical
thinking abilities with regard to political issues of South African adolescents were given. / Die tweede ten valle demokratiese verkiesing in Suid-Afrika is geskeduleer om in Mei 1999
plaas te vind. In die vyf jaar sedert die vorige verkiesing is baie min aandag gegee aan die
politieke geletterdheid van die verkiesingspubliek in die algemeen en die jeug in besonder. Die
doel van hierdie studie was om adolessente se vlak van politieke kennis te bepaal en om vas
te stel of hulle in staat is om krities oar politieke kwessies na te dink.
Die eerste deel van die literatuurstudie wat verband hou met kritiese denke het uitgewys dat
die hoofaspekte van kritiese denke die volgende is: deduktiewe redenering, induktiewe
inferensies, herkenning van aannames, geloofwaardigheid en probleemoplossing. Die tweede
deel van die literatuurstudie behels 'n analise van die faktore wat 'n rol kan speel in die
ontwikkeling van die kritiese denke van die adolessent, met spesifieke verwysing na 'n
politieke konteks. Die derde deel is 'n ondersoek na belangrike teenswoordige politieke en
sosiale kwessies. Hierdie kwessies sluit in: die nuwe Grondwet, die Waarheids- en
Versoeningskommissie, behuising, herverdeling van grand, opvoeding, arbeid, gesondheid,
misdaad, politieke geweld, die omgewing en die volgende verkiesing.
'n Betroubare meetinstrument om adolessente se kennis van politieke kwessies asook hul
vermoe om krities daaroor na te dink, is ontwikkel. Die resultate van die empiriese ondersoek
het aangetoon dat intellektuele potensiaal en akademiese prestasie betekenisvol verband hou
met kritiese denkvermoe, terwyl geslag, omgewing en persoonlikheid klaarblyklik nie 'n rol
speel nie. Daar is ook 'n betekenisvolle korrelasie tussen politieke kennis en kritiese denke
in 'n politieke konteks wat impliseer dat kritiese denke vakspesifiek is. Kulturele agtergrond
speel ook 'n betekenisvolle rol in kritiese denke in 'n politieke konteks.
Ten opsigte van politieke kennis is daar bevind dat seuns op 'n betekenisvolle hoer vlak is as
dogters. Respondente uit stedelike gebiede is oak op 'n betekenisvolle hoer vlak as diegene
uit plattelandse gebiede. Oaar is oak 'n betekenisvolle korrelasie tussen intellektuele
potensiaal, akademiese prestasie en politieke kennis.
Ten slotte is aanbevelings gemaak om die vlakke van politieke kennis en kritiese
denkvermoens met betrekking tot politieke aangeleenthede by Suid-Afrikaanse adolessente
te verbeter. / Psychology of Education / D. Ed. (Psychology of Education)
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Critical thinking of adolescents with regard to political issuesPienaar, Gregory Edward 11 1900 (has links)
Summaries in English and Afrikaans / The second fully democratic election in South Africa is scheduled to take place in May 1999.
In the five years since the first election, it appears that very little attention has been paid to the
political literacy of the electorate in general, and the youth in particular. The purpose of this
study was to establish adolescents' level of political knowledge and whether they are able to
think critically about political issues or not.
The first part of the literature study which was concerned with critical thinking revealed that
the major aspects of critical thinking are: deductive reasoning, inductive inference, recognition
of assumptions, credibility, and problem solving. The second part of the literature study was
an analysis of which factors may play a role in the development of critical thinking of an
adolescent. with particular reference to a political context. The third part was an examination
of important current political and social issues. These were: the new Constitution. Truth and
Reconciliation Commission, housing, land redistribution, education, labour, health, crime,
political violence, environment, and the next election.
A reliable measuring instrument was developed in order to measure adolescents' knowledge
of political issues, and their ability to think critically about these issues. The results of the
empirical study revealed that intellectual potential and academic achievement were
significantly related to critical thinking ability, while gender, environment, and personality
appeared not to play a role. There was a significant correlation between political knowledge
and critical thinking in a political context, implying that critical thinking is subject-specific.
Cultural background also played a significant role in critical thinking in a political context.
In terms of political knowledge, boys were found to be at a significantly higher level than girls.
The subjects from urban areas were also at a significantly higher level than those from rural
areas. There was also a positive correlation between intellectual potential, academic
achievement, and political knowledge.
Finally, some recommendations for improving the levels of political knowledge and critical
thinking abilities with regard to political issues of South African adolescents were given. / Die tweede ten valle demokratiese verkiesing in Suid-Afrika is geskeduleer om in Mei 1999
plaas te vind. In die vyf jaar sedert die vorige verkiesing is baie min aandag gegee aan die
politieke geletterdheid van die verkiesingspubliek in die algemeen en die jeug in besonder. Die
doel van hierdie studie was om adolessente se vlak van politieke kennis te bepaal en om vas
te stel of hulle in staat is om krities oar politieke kwessies na te dink.
Die eerste deel van die literatuurstudie wat verband hou met kritiese denke het uitgewys dat
die hoofaspekte van kritiese denke die volgende is: deduktiewe redenering, induktiewe
inferensies, herkenning van aannames, geloofwaardigheid en probleemoplossing. Die tweede
deel van die literatuurstudie behels 'n analise van die faktore wat 'n rol kan speel in die
ontwikkeling van die kritiese denke van die adolessent, met spesifieke verwysing na 'n
politieke konteks. Die derde deel is 'n ondersoek na belangrike teenswoordige politieke en
sosiale kwessies. Hierdie kwessies sluit in: die nuwe Grondwet, die Waarheids- en
Versoeningskommissie, behuising, herverdeling van grand, opvoeding, arbeid, gesondheid,
misdaad, politieke geweld, die omgewing en die volgende verkiesing.
'n Betroubare meetinstrument om adolessente se kennis van politieke kwessies asook hul
vermoe om krities daaroor na te dink, is ontwikkel. Die resultate van die empiriese ondersoek
het aangetoon dat intellektuele potensiaal en akademiese prestasie betekenisvol verband hou
met kritiese denkvermoe, terwyl geslag, omgewing en persoonlikheid klaarblyklik nie 'n rol
speel nie. Daar is ook 'n betekenisvolle korrelasie tussen politieke kennis en kritiese denke
in 'n politieke konteks wat impliseer dat kritiese denke vakspesifiek is. Kulturele agtergrond
speel ook 'n betekenisvolle rol in kritiese denke in 'n politieke konteks.
Ten opsigte van politieke kennis is daar bevind dat seuns op 'n betekenisvolle hoer vlak is as
dogters. Respondente uit stedelike gebiede is oak op 'n betekenisvolle hoer vlak as diegene
uit plattelandse gebiede. Oaar is oak 'n betekenisvolle korrelasie tussen intellektuele
potensiaal, akademiese prestasie en politieke kennis.
Ten slotte is aanbevelings gemaak om die vlakke van politieke kennis en kritiese
denkvermoens met betrekking tot politieke aangeleenthede by Suid-Afrikaanse adolessente
te verbeter. / Psychology of Education / D. Ed. (Psychology of Education)
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The War in the Classroom: The Work of the Educational Section of the Indiana State Council of Defense during World War ISchuster, Casey Elizabeth January 2012 (has links)
Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / When the United States entered World War I in April 1917, many Americans quickly rallied to support the nation. Among the numerous committees, organizations, and individuals that became active in the mobilization process were the forty-eight state councils of defense. Encouraged to form by President Wilson and his administration in the days and weeks following U.S entry in the war, the state councils grew as offshoots of the Council of National Defense and assisted in bringing every section of the country into a single scheme of work. Everyone was expected to do their part in WWI, whether they were fighting overseas or helping on the home front. The state councils, broken down into various sections and county, township, and high-school level councils, made sure that this was the case by reaching down into local communities and encouraging individuals to become involved in the war effort. Their work represented the embodiment of a “total war” philosophy and, yet, studies on these organizations are surprisingly scarce, giving readers an inadequate understanding of the American home front during the conflict. This thesis therefore places the focus directly on the state councils and examines the work they undertook to make the United States ready for, and most effective in wartime service. In particular, it explores the efforts of the Educational Section of the Indiana State Council of Defense. By concentrating on this one section, readers may gain a better understanding of the lengths that the state councils went to in order to put every person – teachers and students included – on a wartime footing.
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