Certas temáticas literárias permanecem atuais, sendo capazes de provocar sempre novas leituras, independentemente de onde ou quando tenham sido criadas. É o que ocorre com os temas de Juventude, Arte e Violência, que alimentam o presente estudo sobre Laranja Mecânica, romance escrito em 1962 por Anthony Burgess. A forma como essas matérias se mesclam na obra diz muito tanto sobre sua relação intrínseca e atemporal com a natureza humana quanto também sobre o contexto no qual o romance se insere, que evoca o da Londres dos anos 60. O foco da pesquisa busca identificar relações entre a tríade temática e o que ela aponta sobre os paradigmas da época. Para tanto, o suporte teórico se apoia na área de Estudos Culturais. A tensão entre a Juventude e a Violência se reflete na função ambivalente ocupada pela Arte na narrativa – mais especificamente no uso da música, em suas relações com a literatura e com o discurso daquele período ligado ao pós-guerra. A dissertação vem dividida em três capítulos. No primeiro, são feitas as contextualizações, que abrangem elementos da vida do autor e aspectos da sociedade em que a obra se constrói, e as relações entre ambos. O segundo capítulo apresenta as ideias sobre Estudos Culturais que facilitam o trato com a literatura e com o romance investigado, ajudando-nos a examinar – através de uma distância de cinco décadas – o papel que a obra ocupa no seu contexto original. O último capítulo faz uma análise de Laranja Mecânica à luz de nossa perspectiva contemporânea. Esperamos, assim, oferecer uma contribuição para os estudos sobre a obra de Anthony Burgess através desta discussão sobre as complexas e sempre novas relações estabelecidas entre os campos da Literatura, da História e da Arte. / Some literary themes are always contemporary, so that the discussion concerning them never wears out, independently from when or where the work was written. This is the case with Youth, Art, and Violence, the themes chosen to be highlighted in this present study of the novel A Clockwork Orange, written by Anthony Burgess in 1962. The way these three elements are woven together in this novel tells much about their intrinsic and timeless relation with human nature as well as about the context in which the novel belongs, which evokes the London of the early 60s. The focus of the research lies on what this triad reveals about the paradigm of that time. Some concepts from the area of Cultural Studies will help connect the ambivalent relation between Violence and Youth within the British society from that time, as well as make associations with the element of Art as treated in Burgess’s work – more specifically, the function of music in the narrative as related to the post-war period in Britain. The work is structured in three chapters. In the first chapter, it will be established a relationship involving the content of the novel, some elements of Burgess’s biography, and some relevant issues respecting the period of time during which the novel was written. Chapter Two introduces the ideas from Cultural Studies that help examine – within this interval of half a century since the novel was first published – the role it plays in the context of its time. The final chapter analyses A Clockwork Orange in relation to the framework of today´s society. I hope that this work may contribute to the body of studies about the work of Anthony Burgess, and to the discussion about the ever-changing relations comprising the fields of Literature, History and Art.

Certas temáticas literárias permanecem atuais, sendo capazes de provocar sempre novas leituras, independentemente de onde ou quando tenham sido criadas. É o que ocorre com os temas de Juventude, Arte e Violência, que alimentam o presente estudo sobre Laranja Mecânica, romance escrito em 1962 por Anthony Burgess. A forma como essas matérias se mesclam na obra diz muito tanto sobre sua relação intrínseca e atemporal com a natureza humana quanto também sobre o contexto no qual o romance se insere, que evoca o da Londres dos anos 60. O foco da pesquisa busca identificar relações entre a tríade temática e o que ela aponta sobre os paradigmas da época. Para tanto, o suporte teórico se apoia na área de Estudos Culturais. A tensão entre a Juventude e a Violência se reflete na função ambivalente ocupada pela Arte na narrativa – mais especificamente no uso da música, em suas relações com a literatura e com o discurso daquele período ligado ao pós-guerra. A dissertação vem dividida em três capítulos. No primeiro, são feitas as contextualizações, que abrangem elementos da vida do autor e aspectos da sociedade em que a obra se constrói, e as relações entre ambos. O segundo capítulo apresenta as ideias sobre Estudos Culturais que facilitam o trato com a literatura e com o romance investigado, ajudando-nos a examinar – através de uma distância de cinco décadas – o papel que a obra ocupa no seu contexto original. O último capítulo faz uma análise de Laranja Mecânica à luz de nossa perspectiva contemporânea. Esperamos, assim, oferecer uma contribuição para os estudos sobre a obra de Anthony Burgess através desta discussão sobre as complexas e sempre novas relações estabelecidas entre os campos da Literatura, da História e da Arte. / Some literary themes are always contemporary, so that the discussion concerning them never wears out, independently from when or where the work was written. This is the case with Youth, Art, and Violence, the themes chosen to be highlighted in this present study of the novel A Clockwork Orange, written by Anthony Burgess in 1962. The way these three elements are woven together in this novel tells much about their intrinsic and timeless relation with human nature as well as about the context in which the novel belongs, which evokes the London of the early 60s. The focus of the research lies on what this triad reveals about the paradigm of that time. Some concepts from the area of Cultural Studies will help connect the ambivalent relation between Violence and Youth within the British society from that time, as well as make associations with the element of Art as treated in Burgess’s work – more specifically, the function of music in the narrative as related to the post-war period in Britain. The work is structured in three chapters. In the first chapter, it will be established a relationship involving the content of the novel, some elements of Burgess’s biography, and some relevant issues respecting the period of time during which the novel was written. Chapter Two introduces the ideas from Cultural Studies that help examine – within this interval of half a century since the novel was first published – the role it plays in the context of its time. The final chapter analyses A Clockwork Orange in relation to the framework of today´s society. I hope that this work may contribute to the body of studies about the work of Anthony Burgess, and to the discussion about the ever-changing relations comprising the fields of Literature, History and Art.

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Nineteen Eighty-Four de George Orwell, A Clockwork Orange d'Anthony Burgess et Meccania: The Superstate d'Owen Gregory révèlent trois régimes oppressifs qui manipulent la science dans le but de contrôler leurs populations. Les auteurs dénoncent la déshumanisation et l'esclavage générés par cette collaboration politico-scientifique. Ainsi, cette étude va explorer les dystopies susmentionnées en analysant leur critique du mariage politico-scientifique. Je vais montrer que la coopération entre les politiciens et les scientifiques est destinée à contrôler les individus et à pénaliser les éléments dissidents. Je vais examiner les mécanismes politico-scientifiques de surveillance et de punition, tout en montrant que les politiciens usent de la science pour assurer la continuité et la stabilité des régimes tyranniques. Finalement, je vais souligner la capacité de l'écriture à dévoiler les abus politico-scientifiques, et à prévenir une coalition entre la connaissance scientifique et le pouvoir despotique.

The films of David Lynch are full of ambiguities that derive from his habitual distortion of time, inversion of characters, and creation of ironic, dreamlike worlds that are mired in crisis. While these ambiguities have been explored from numerous angles, scholars have only recently begun to closely examine music's role in Lynch's cinematic imagination. This dissertation explores the relationship between music and fantasy through the lens of Lacanian psychoanalysis where fantasy plays a crucial role in helping psychoanalytical subjects work through their psychical crises. In particular, I look at Blue Velvet (1986), Lost Highway (1996), and Mulholland Drive (2001), showing how Lynch employs music to manage and, in the case of Mulholland Drive, move beyond the particular crises of jouissance experienced by the Characters--and also the viewers. Before engaging in my analysis of Lynch's film music, however, I begin with an extended discussion of what Kevin Korsyn describes as the current crisis of music scholarship, examining how this crisis manifests itself in recent "postmodern" interpretations of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony. Few works are invested with as much cultural capital as this one and arguably the discourse around it exhibits the crisis more acutely than any other. Korsyn restricts his analysis to the fields of musicology and music theory, but I approach the crisis of music scholarship obliquely, through my Lacanian reading of Lynch's film music. This dissertation, then, has two goals. On one hand it attempts to examine music's role in Lynch's films, and on the other, it explores how Lynch's use of music might aid us in navigating and moving beyond the institutional crises of music scholarship. This Lynchian solution to our crisis provides a glimpse of what might lie beyond postmodernism, a new philosophical movement some are calling the "New Sincerity." This term covers several loosely related cultural or philosophical movements that have followed in the wake of postmodernism, the most notable being what Raoul Eshelman and Judith Butler refer to as "performatism." Finally, I return to Beethoven's Ninth to offer a second, performative reading, demonstrating how Lynch's use of music can be translated into current musical discourse. / text

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