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Groundwater and surface water contamination by fire retardants at Abbotsford AirportOtt, Cindy Lee 11 1900 (has links)
The impact of fire retardant waste on the aquatic environment was investigated at Abbotsford Airport located in the Lower Fraser Valley, in Southwestern British Columbia. The cleaning of fire fighting aircraft results in significant quantities of fire retardant waste being washed into the airport drainage system with subsequent transport to a drainage ditch located in the southwest corner of the Airport Chemical components of the fire retardant likely to be of environmental concern were identified as ammonia, phosphate, and a corrosion inhibitor.
Glacial and outwash deposits consisting of sands and gravels comprise the surficial geology of the study area. Hence, the fire retardant waste would have the potential to impact both surface water and groundwater resources. Therefore there was concern due to the extensive use of groundwater in the local area for both drinking and irrigational purposes.
The major components of the research design were 1) assessment of the spatial and temporal distribution of fire retardant introduced into the aquatic environment, and 2) overall impact of fire retardant contamination on surface water and groundwater quality.
A long term and two short term monitoring programs were designed to determine the rate of transport and distribution of the fire retardant in the aquatic environment Results showed that although the fire retardant was observed to wash through the drainage system into the stream, no measurable impact on surface water quality was recorded during the study period. Fire retardant components which would cause surface water contamination are ammonia, phosphorus, iron and chromium. A significant rise in nitrate-nitrogen concentration was detected in groundwater samples less than a day after fire retardant waste was recorded in measurable quantities in the ditch water. Temporal distribution of fire retardant in the aquatic environment was correlated with the high hydraulic conductivity of the subsurface and specific hydrological events involving heavy precipitation. Results from the laboratory column experiments indicated that components of the Fire retardant were not retained in the soil and would therefore be rapidly leached into groundwater.
Surface water quality and groundwater quality results were compared with established water quality standards for drinking water and protection of freshwater aquatic life. On the basis of these standards the fire retardant waste was not found to contribute to degradation of the surface and groundwaters at Abbotsford Airport
Overall impact of the fire retardant waste on the aquatic environment at Abbotsford Airport during the study period was not found to be significant The low fire season combined with a change in washing policy resulted in a fewer number of planes being cleaned at Abbotsford Airport during 1983-84. Therefore, the impact on the aquatic environment recorded during this period cannot be considered typical. / Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies / Graduate
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Openings to a lake: historical approaches to Sumas Lake, British ColumbiaCameron, Laura Jean 11 1900 (has links)
In order to explore the dynamic between history and place, I consider four
methodological issues within the historical space of Sumas Lake, B.C., a large lake that
was drained in the 1920’s. The first “Opening” reflects on the connection between
historical and technological frontiers, while critiquing my creation of the attached
HyperCard stack “Disappearing A Lake: A Meditation on Method and Mosquitos.” The
stack documents the creative process of history-making, allowing the “reader” to review
and record comments, to see examples of cartography and photography, to hear oral
interviews and to read selections of narrative tradition either inside or outside the logic
and context of an essay format.
The written document flows from the stack. “Listening For Pleasure” discusses
the process of oral history as it relates to the negotiated and contested space of the Sumas
Lake commons. Diving into archives from Victoria to Ottawa, “Margins and Mosquitos”
recycles written records to explore federal, provincial and local involvements with a flood
lake. “Memory Device” moves into the archive of land and waterscapes, looking for
connections between place and history, mindful of both Native oral tradition and written
historical accounts of the lake.
Interactive history is located not only in the interface between people and
computers, but also in the process of making oral history and in the creative
transformation of archival documents. Most importantly, interactive history is alive in
the links people forge between stories and the actual places around them.
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Openings to a lake: historical approaches to Sumas Lake, British ColumbiaCameron, Laura Jean 11 1900 (has links)
In order to explore the dynamic between history and place, I consider four
methodological issues within the historical space of Sumas Lake, B.C., a large lake that
was drained in the 1920’s. The first “Opening” reflects on the connection between
historical and technological frontiers, while critiquing my creation of the attached
HyperCard stack “Disappearing A Lake: A Meditation on Method and Mosquitos.” The
stack documents the creative process of history-making, allowing the “reader” to review
and record comments, to see examples of cartography and photography, to hear oral
interviews and to read selections of narrative tradition either inside or outside the logic
and context of an essay format.
The written document flows from the stack. “Listening For Pleasure” discusses
the process of oral history as it relates to the negotiated and contested space of the Sumas
Lake commons. Diving into archives from Victoria to Ottawa, “Margins and Mosquitos”
recycles written records to explore federal, provincial and local involvements with a flood
lake. “Memory Device” moves into the archive of land and waterscapes, looking for
connections between place and history, mindful of both Native oral tradition and written
historical accounts of the lake.
Interactive history is located not only in the interface between people and
computers, but also in the process of making oral history and in the creative
transformation of archival documents. Most importantly, interactive history is alive in
the links people forge between stories and the actual places around them. / Arts, Faculty of / History, Department of / Graduate
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A parent-initiated school of choice: an examination of the genesis and early history of King Traditional School /Gibson, Simon. January 2005 (has links)
Thesis (Ph.D.) - Simon Fraser University, 2005. / Theses (Faculty of Education) / Simon Fraser University.
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A parent-initiated school of choice: an examination of the genesis and early history of King Traditional School /Gibson, Simon. January 2005 (has links)
Thesis (Ph.D.) - Simon Fraser University, 2005. / Theses (Faculty of Education) / Simon Fraser University.
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An evaluation of the state of nitrate/nitrogen contamination of the Abbotsford-Sumas acquiferRyan, Patrick J. 05 1900 (has links)
This thesis concerns groundwater quality with a detailed study of the Abbotsford-Sumas Aquifer and the
high nitrate-nitrogen values that have been occurring for the past 20 or so years. Groundwater
is becoming an increasingly scarce resource, both in terms of quantity and quality, worldwide. Aquifers
are generally poorly understood, dynamic and are an integral part of the hydrological cycle. Aquifer
contamination by land use activities threatens their utility as potable sources of water. The literature
suggests that one useful measure of the effects of land use on water contamination is nitrate-nitrogen.
This substance may be traced to such activities as agricultural practices and septic systems, two major
concerns in the area above the Abbotsford-Sumas Aquifer in southwestern British Columbia.
The Abbotsford-Sumas Aquifer was examined in detail with a review of the history, geology,
hydrogeology, stakeholders, groundwater use and the current identified contamination.
Based on the hydrogeology and land use of the aquifer, a representative study area was selected as a case
study. With a focus on nitrate-nitrogen the principle objectives were: to determine land use effects on
groundwater contamination, assess the contributions of various nitrogen sources and assess the overall
impact of intensive land use on the groundwater contamination. This was investigated by a temporal land
use evaluation, a nitrogen / nitrate balance and a review of water quality changes.
The major land use change in the study area over the period 1969 to 1992 has been the increase in land
used for raspberry production which now accounts for over half of the study area. The nitrogen balance
revealed a large quantity of nitrogen unaccounted for which is potentially available for leaching. The
predominate source of this excess nitrogen is attributed to the high levels of poultry manure fertilizer
applied to the soils supporting raspberry crops. Calculations of the nitrogen sources suggest over 90
percent of the excess nitrogen comes from this source. This was well above the other nitrogen sources such as mineralisation, aerial deposition, septic systems,
corn crops and pasture land. Although a minor overall nitrogen source, septic tanks appeared to have
the potential for high local loadings of nitrate-nitrogen. The water quality data showed increases in
nitrate-nitrogen concentrations in the groundwater over the last 40 years. Seventy percent of the water
samples showed nitrate-nitrogen values above the Canadian Drinking Water Guideline maximum value
allowed in drinking water. The data however displayed significant variability.
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An evaluation of the state of nitrate/nitrogen contamination of the Abbotsford-Sumas acquiferRyan, Patrick J. 05 1900 (has links)
This thesis concerns groundwater quality with a detailed study of the Abbotsford-Sumas Aquifer and the
high nitrate-nitrogen values that have been occurring for the past 20 or so years. Groundwater
is becoming an increasingly scarce resource, both in terms of quantity and quality, worldwide. Aquifers
are generally poorly understood, dynamic and are an integral part of the hydrological cycle. Aquifer
contamination by land use activities threatens their utility as potable sources of water. The literature
suggests that one useful measure of the effects of land use on water contamination is nitrate-nitrogen.
This substance may be traced to such activities as agricultural practices and septic systems, two major
concerns in the area above the Abbotsford-Sumas Aquifer in southwestern British Columbia.
The Abbotsford-Sumas Aquifer was examined in detail with a review of the history, geology,
hydrogeology, stakeholders, groundwater use and the current identified contamination.
Based on the hydrogeology and land use of the aquifer, a representative study area was selected as a case
study. With a focus on nitrate-nitrogen the principle objectives were: to determine land use effects on
groundwater contamination, assess the contributions of various nitrogen sources and assess the overall
impact of intensive land use on the groundwater contamination. This was investigated by a temporal land
use evaluation, a nitrogen / nitrate balance and a review of water quality changes.
The major land use change in the study area over the period 1969 to 1992 has been the increase in land
used for raspberry production which now accounts for over half of the study area. The nitrogen balance
revealed a large quantity of nitrogen unaccounted for which is potentially available for leaching. The
predominate source of this excess nitrogen is attributed to the high levels of poultry manure fertilizer
applied to the soils supporting raspberry crops. Calculations of the nitrogen sources suggest over 90
percent of the excess nitrogen comes from this source. This was well above the other nitrogen sources such as mineralisation, aerial deposition, septic systems,
corn crops and pasture land. Although a minor overall nitrogen source, septic tanks appeared to have
the potential for high local loadings of nitrate-nitrogen. The water quality data showed increases in
nitrate-nitrogen concentrations in the groundwater over the last 40 years. Seventy percent of the water
samples showed nitrate-nitrogen values above the Canadian Drinking Water Guideline maximum value
allowed in drinking water. The data however displayed significant variability. / Science, Faculty of / Resources, Environment and Sustainability (IRES), Institute for / Graduate
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West Coast aerodromes: the impact of the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan on Delta and Abbotsford, British Columbia.Richdale, Ryan 16 April 2012 (has links)
The plan to train Commonwealth pilots and aircrew on Canadian soil from 1939-1945 was a critical component to the Allied victory in the Second World War. As part of the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan (BCATP), Canada graduated 131,553 men from training stations across the country. This thesis examines the experience of two British Columbia communities, Delta and Abbotsford, as hosts to BCATP stations. It concludes that both sites experienced a profound social and economic impact as a result of their role in training pilots and aircrew. Hosting a training station meant an immediate influx of jobs, infrastructure, money and excitement. In addition, the airfields left behind after the war ended still exist today as viable economic entities in their communities and as valuable hubs in Canada’s aviation network. / Graduate
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