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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Analysis of chimeric human hexosaminidases

Denis, Emmanuelle. January 2000 (has links)
The major beta-hexosaminidase isozymes in humans are Hex A (deficient in Tay-Sachs disease, TSD), an alphabeta heterodimer and Hex B (deficient in Sandhoff disease) a betabeta homodimer. Hex S, the alphaalpha homodimer is physiologically unstable. Mature alpha and beta subunits share 60% sequence identity. The beta subunit active site hydrolyzes neutral substrates. The alpha subunit active site hydrolyzes neutral (4MUG) and charged substrates (4MUGS, GM2 ganglioside). Only Hex A hydrolyzes the natural substrate, GM2 ganglioside, in the presence of the GM2 activator protein (AP). / We investigated regions of the alpha and beta subunits involved in AP binding, subunit dimerization, and substrate specificity. We constructed four chimeric cDNAs: alpha1--259beta292--544 , alpha1--118beta152--544, beta 1--418alpha387--529, and beta1--151 alpha119--259beta292--544 (subscripts refer to amino acid residues). Chimeric cDNAs were expressed in a TSD neuroglial cell line, which produces no endogenous alpha subunits. The chimeric isozymes were chromatofocused and assayed for hydrolysis of (a) 4MUG, (b) 4MUGS and (c) GM2 ganglioside. / Transfection of the cDNA constructs lead to expression of homodimeric and heterodimeric chimeric proteins, albeit at lower yields than transfection of wild alpha-cDNA. All of the chimeric proteins hydrolyzed 4MUG but none were active towards 4MUGS or GM2 ganglioside. These results suggest that (a) all constructs contained sufficient information to form both heterodimeric and homodimeric chimeric proteins, (b) the chimeras lacked the alpha-subunit sequence necessary for the hydrolysis of charged substrates.
2

Analysis of chimeric human hexosaminidases

Denis, Emmanuelle. January 2000 (has links)
No description available.
3

Mutantní glykosidasy s vysokou substrátovou specifitou a jejich analýza / Mutant glycosidases with a high substrate specificity and their analysis

Nekvasilová, Pavlína January 2019 (has links)
β-N-acetylhexosaminidases (EC 3.2.1.52, GH 20) are retaining exo-glycosidases that in vivo cleavage both β-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) or β-N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) residues fom glycostructures. Under suitable reaction conditions, these enzymes are able to synthesize the glycosidic bond in good yields. Substitution of selected amino acid(s) in the emzyme active site by site-directed mutagenesis may change the enzyme's substrate specificity or suppress the hydrolytic activity of the enzyme in favor of synthesis. The present thesis deals with three mutant β-N-acetylhexosaminidases from Talaromyces flavus, in which the amino acid residues responsible for binding to C-4 hydroxyl of the substrate (Arg218, Glu546) were exchanged for amino acids proposed on the basis of molecular modeling. The effect of introduced single point mutations on substrate specificity of prepared enzymes was studied. Mutant β-N-acetylhexosaminidases were heterologously expressed in Pichia pastoris and characterized. Furthermore, transglycosylation reactions with these enzymes were performed. The prepared carbohydrate products were characterized by NMR.
4

Synthèse d'azépanes inhibiteurs sélectifs de NagZ, une β-N-acétyl-D-glucosaminidase impliquée dans l'antibiorésistance du pathogène Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Synthesis of azepanes as selective inhibitors of NagZ, a β-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase involved in antibiotic resistance of the pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Bouquet, Jaufret 14 December 2016 (has links)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa est une bactérie à Gram négatif ayant un rôle central dans la morbidité et la mortalité des patients mucoviscidosiques, dont l'environnement pulmonaire particulier favorise les infections chroniques par de nombreux pathogènes opportunistes. Malheureusement, de plus en plus de souches développent des résistances, rendant les antibiothérapies à base de β-lactames de moins en moins efficaces. Parmi les différents mécanismes de défenses développés par P. aeruginosa, l'un des plus important est la détection de l'activité antibiotique, avec en réponse la production de la β-lactamase AmpC, une enzyme qui dégrade les antibiotiques β-lactames. Cette détection met en œuvre la glycosylhydrolase NagZ, qui catalyse la formation de l'inducteur d'AmpC.Récemment au laboratoire, nous avons synthétisé un inhibiteur sélectif de NagZ basé sur une structure azépane. La co-administration à une souche résistante de P. aeruginosa de notre composé et de l'antibiotique β-lactame ceftazidime conduit à une perte de la résistance à l'antibiotique de 50%.Afin d'améliorer la sélectivité et l'activité de notre composé lead, des modifications chimiques du groupement acétamide et du groupement hydroxyle en position C-6 ont été réalisées. L'étude des relations de structure-activité basées sur un cliché cristallographique et sur une étude de docking ont ainsi pu être réalisées. Une autre stratégie explorée a consisté à fonctionnaliser l'atome d'azote endocyclique par un motif sidérophore afin de faciliter la pénétration du composé, ce type de groupement étant en effet connu pour jouer le rôle de cheval de Troie.Les azépanes synthétisés ont été évalués par nos collaborateurs biologistes au Japon et au Canada. / Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a gram negative bacterium playing a major role in morbidity and mortality among CF patients, whose particular pulmonary environment promotes chronic infections by various pathogens1. Unfortunately, more and more bacterial strains are developing resistance, making β-lactam-based antibiotic therapies less effective. Among the different mechanisms of defense developed by P. aeruginosa, one of the most important is the detection of the antibiotic activity by the pathogen, responsively producing the β-lactamase AmpC, an enzyme that degrades the β-lactam antibiotic. This detection implements the glycosylhydrolase NagZ, which catalyzes the formation of the enzyme inducer of AmpC2.We have recently designed a selective inhibitor of NagZ based on an azepane structure. Its co-administration with β-lactam ceftazidime to a β-lactam-resistant strain of P. aeruginosa causes a 50% decrease of the antibiotic resistance3.In order to improve the selectivity and the efficiency of our lead compound, chemical modifications of the acetamide moiety and of the hydroxyl group at C6 have been achieved, allowing to perform a SAR study supported by crystallographic studies and molecular modeling. Another strategy explored has consisted in the functionalization of the endocyclic nitrogen atom of the azepane by a siderophore that will act as a Trojan horse4, in order to improve the penetration of the azepane.The libraries of compounds synthesized were biologically evaluated by our Canadian and Japanese partners.
5

Évaluation de la biomasse fongique dans les systèmes de ventilation

Biyeyeme Bi Mve, Marie Jeanne 12 1900 (has links)
Le nettoyage des systèmes de Chauffage, Ventilation et Climatisation de l’Air est important pour assurer une bonne qualité d’air intérieur. Le déclenchement de leur nettoyage est basé sur une inspection visuelle qui ne tient pas compte du contenu en moisissures, lesquelles ont des effets sur le système respiratoire. Cette recherche vise à proposer une méthode d’évaluation du contenu en moisissures afin d’aider les gestionnaires d’immeuble. Cinq générations de poussières ont été effectuées pour simuler un conduit de ventilation. Une cassette modifiée 37 mm et un filtre CPV pré-pesés ont utilisés pour collecter les poussières déposées avec une pompe calibrée à 15L/min. Les pourcentages de collecte des cassettes et des filtres ont été calculés pour 54 échantillons. Dix générations supplémentaires de poussières ont été effectuées concomitamment avec la génération de spores. Soixante échantillons ont été analysés selon quatre méthodes : culture, comptage direct des spores par microscopie (CDSM), dosage de β-N-acétylhexosaminidase (NAHA), 18S-q-PCR. La limite de détection (LD), la réplicabilité, la répétabilité, le nombre de spores et le coefficient de corrélation (r) ont été déterminés. Les récupérations de poussières étaient supérieures à 84%. Selon la méthode analytique, les concentrations médianes de spores/100 cm² allaient de 10 000 à 815 000. Les LD variaient dépendamment de la méthode de 120 à 218 000 spores/100 cm² et r de -0,08 à 0,83. La réplicabilité et la répétabilité étaient de 1% et 1% pour PCR; 5% et 10% pour CDSM; 6% et 15% pour NAHA; 12% et 11% pour culture. La méthode de collecte a démontré une excellente efficacité de récupération. La PCR est la méthode analytique recommandée pour l’évaluation fongique des systèmes de ventilation. Une validation terrain est en cours. / Cleaning systems for Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning is important to ensure good indoor air quality. The outbreak of their cleaning is based on a visual inspection does not take into account the content molds, which have effects on the respiratory system. This research aims at providing a mold content of the assessment methodology to help building managers. Five dust generations were made in an exposition chamber mimicking a HVAC duct system. A modified 37-mm cassette with a pre-weighed PVC filter was used to collect the settled dust at a flow rate of 15L/min. Particles recovery percentages collected by the cassettes and those deposited on the filters were calculated for 54 samples. Ten other generations were performed with dust using different levels of mold spores. Sixty samples were analyzed with four methods : culture on Malt Extract Agar, direct microscopic spores count (DMSC), Beta-N-Acetylhexosaminidase assay (NAHA) and 18S-q-PCR assay. The detection limit (DL), replicability, repeatability, the number of spores and correlation coefficient (r) were determined. The recovery percentages were greater than 84%. According methods, the median concentration of spores/100 cm² ranged from 10,000 to 815,000. The DL varies depending on the method from 120 to 218,000 spores/100 cm² and from -0.08 to 0.83. Replicability and repeatability were 1% and 1% for PCR, 5% and 10% for DMSC, 6% and 11% for NAHA, 12% and 11% for culture. The sampling method showed excellent dust collection efficiency. The PCR method is recommended for fungal evaluation of ventilation systems. A field validation is underway.
6

Effect of food quantity and quality on population growth rate and digestive activity in planktonic rotifers. / Effect of food quantity and quality on population growth rate and digestive activity in planktonic rotifers.

ŠTROJSOVÁ, Martina January 2008 (has links)
As homeostatic organisms, rotifers have to use the mechanism to cope with nutrition unbalance in their food. The regulation of digestive enzyme activities as a possible physiological mechanism involved in maintaining of rotifer homeostasis was studied. This study further explored the effect of food quantity and quality on rotifer population growth rate and reproduction.

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