In this study, production of organic acids from cheese-whey was studied. Optimization of organic acids production was performed in semi-batch and batch reactors. Two sets of experiments were performed. First set of experiments were performed in semi-batch reactors for the optimization of organic loading rate (OLR) and hydraulic retention time (HRT). As a result of Set 1 experiments optimum OLR was found to be 15 g COD l-1. Second set of experiments were performed in batch reactors by using the optimum OLR found in Set 1 experiments. Set 2 experiments were conducted to study the effect of using different seed cultures and Basal Media (BM) on Volatile fatty avid (VFA) production. Main acidogenesis products were acetic acid (Hac), butyric acid (Buty) and propionic acid (HPr) with smaller quantities of i-butyric acid (i-Buty), valeric acid (Val) and caproic acid (Cap). It was seen that BM had a suppressive effect on ethanol (EtOH) production while it stimulated the VFA production. Higher VFA productions and variety of VFA types were observed in Test Reactors seeded with acidogenic culture (R3 and R6).

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:54:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 836498 bytes, checksum: 07fbd08593c521ae0b188fb7b6535dca (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-19 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This work involved two trials. In the first trial was evaluated the chemical composition; the fermentative profile and the microbial populations in soybean silage. The soybean was harvested at the R6 stage of development and submitted of treatments, before ensilage: 1- without additive (control), 2- with inoculant (I), 3- I plus molasses powder and 4- molasses powder. It was used the inoculant SIL ALL C4 (Alltech, Brasil). At treatments with molasses it was used 2,5% on fresh matter. The material was ensilaged in laboratory silos with 2-Kg of capacity and opened with 1, 3, 7, 14, 28 and 56 days of fermentation in a complete randomized design, with three replicates. There was effect (P<0.05) of additive and period under the DM and CP, while lignin did not influenced (P>0.05) by factors analyzed. On the other hand, it was observed effect (P<0.05) of additives x periods to others variable analyzed. The acids lactic, acetic and butyric concentrations was influenced (P<0.05) by additives and fermentation periods. About the pH was observed reduction 0.3443, 0.3868, 0.3355 e 0.3815 units per day of fermentation to control; with inoculant; I plus molasses powder and that with molasses silages, respectively. It was registered greatest acid lactic bacteria population to 28 days of fermentation, at silage with inoculant. The additions of inoculant, associated or not to molasses powder, on soybean ensilage improve the silage fermentative profile. At second trial was evaluated the intake and total apparent digestibility of nutrients in sheep. The soybean was submitted at same treatments of trial one and ensiladed in plastics barrels 150 L of capacity. The roughage:concentrate used was 90:10, based on the dry matter, using the ground as maize grain concentrate. It was used 20 adult sheep, male, without race set, castrated, with an average weight of 60 kg, distributed in a randomized complete block design, with five replicates. The intake of nutrients did not influenced (P>0.05) by treatments. It was effect of treatments (P<0.05) on NFC total apparent digestibility. Soybean silage with inoculant associated or not to molasses powder did not influence the intake and the total digestibility of nutrients in sheep. / Este trabalho envolveu dois experimentos. No experimento 1, foram avaliados a composição bromatológica; o perfil fermentativo e as populações microbianas em silagens de soja. A soja foi colhida no estádio de desenvolvimento R6 e submetida aos seguintes tratamentos, antes da ensilagem: sem aditivo (controle); com inoculante (I); I + melaço em pó e melaço em pó. Utilizou-se o inoculante SIL ALL C4 da Alltech do Brasil. Nos tratamentos com melaço foram aplicados 2,5% na base da matéria natural. O material foi ensilado em silos laboratoriais de PVC com 2 kg de capacidade e abertos com 1, 3, 7, 14, 28 e 56 dias de fermentação. Adotou-se um arranjo fatorial 4 X 6 (4 aditivos X 6 períodos de fermentação) no delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com três repetições. Observou-se efeito de aditivos e de período de fermentação (P<0,05) para os teores de matéria seca e proteína bruta, enquanto que o teor de lignina não foi afetado (P>0,05) pelos fatores estudados. Por outro lado, observou-se efeito (P<0,05) da interação aditivo x período de fermentação para as demais variáveis. As concentrações dos ácidos lático, acético e butírico foram influenciadas (P<0,05) por aditivos e períodos de fermentação. Para o pH das silagens, foram estimadas reduções de 0,3443; 0,3868; 0,3355 e 0,3815 unidades por dia de fermentação para as silagens controle, tratadas com inoculante, I + melaço e aquelas com melaço, respectivamente. Foi registrada máxima população de bactérias do ácido lático aos 28 dias de fermentação, na silagem com inoculante. A adição de inoculante, associada ou não ao melaço em pó, por ocasião da ensilagem da soja melhora o perfil fermentativo das silagens. No experimento 2, avaliaram-se o consumo e a digestibilidade aparente total dos nutrientes de silagens de soja, em ensaio com ovinos. A soja foi submetida aos mesmos tratamentos do experimento 1 e ensilada em tambores plásticos com 150 L de capacidade. A relação forragem: concentrado foi de 90:10, na base da matéria seca, utilizando-se o milho grão moído como concentrado. Foram utilizados 20 ovinos adultos, sem raça definida, castrados, com peso vivo médio de 60 kg, distribuídos em um delineamento em blocos casualizados, com cinco repetições. O consumo dos nutrientes não foi afetado (P>0,05) pelas dietas experimentais. Houve efeito de dietas sobre a digestibilidade aparente total dos carboidratos não fibrosos (P<0,05). Silagens de soja com inoculante associadas ou não ao melaço, não alteram o consumo nem a digestibilidade aparente total dos nutrientes em ovinos.