This diploma thesis deals with the use of arranging plants in class at elementary schools. The theoretic part explains basic terms related to the floristy and gives some basic information on materials, tools and plant materials. Next chapters deal with characteristics of plants materials used in school lessons and brief characteristic styles of arranging. Next chapters are important because they deal with the creativity and esthetics and show the influence on students development. The pratical part uses the science didactis tests to find how effective the work of a teacher and teacher´s learning at an elementary school can be.

The aim of this diploma thesis was to prove the antimicrobial actvivity of the selected syntetic preservatives used in cosmetics, such as methylparaben, butylparaben, phenoxyethanol, bronopol, imidazolidinyl urea and methylisothaizolinone, in different concentrations (up to the highest permitted concentration and in increased concentrations), and of some essential oils, which are possible to use in cosmetics (essential oil from Eucalyptus globulus, Pimpinella anisum, Lavandula officinalis, Rosmarinus officinalis, Foeniculum vulgare, Mentha piperita, Juniperus communis and Pinus sylvestris). The effect was investigated in every preservative system alone, in order to evaluate the spectrum and the rate of each one. As indicator microorganism was chosen Bacillus subtilis and Penicillium chrysogenum. The used methods was disk difusion method and modify difusion method. From synthetic preservatives had the best effects bronopol, imidazolidinyl urea and methylisothiazolinone. From chosen natural antimicrobails had the effect against both indicator microorganisms the Mentha piperita, Foeniculum vulgare and Juniperus communis extracts.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-12T19:15:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RydleyKBL_DISSERT.pdf: 903646 bytes, checksum: c0d0a796d77f498e063d8b3a7801996c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-24 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / There are several native and exotic fruit species of economic importance with potential for exploration in semi-arid region. The Tacinga inamoena and Cereus jamacaru are native plants of the Northeast region, which are distributed throughout most of the semi-arid, with great potential among the cacti. The study aimed to characterize the physical, chemical and antioxidant potential of the pulp and peel of fruits of palm and native mandacaru. The experiment was completely randomized, with 4 repetitions. The fruits of Tacinga inamoena and Cereus jamacaru were obtained from populations of plants that are found spontaneous and dispersed in the Caatinga, located in the cities of Angicos and Mossoró-RN. The fruits were harvested directly from the plant and taken to the Laboratory of Physiology and Technology of Fruit Postharvest of the Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA) in Mossoró-RN, at which time it we determined: fresh fruit mass, fruit yield, longitudinal and transverse diameter, firmness, titratable acidity, relation SS/AT, pH, soluble solids, total and reducing sugars, vitamin C, yellow flavonoids, total carotenoids, total anthocyanins, polyphenols total extractable, betalains and antioxidant activity. The pulp of the fruits of Tacinga inamoena have high levels of phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and titratable acidity; they are also sources of vitamin C. The fruit pulp of Cereus jamacaru has high levels of calcium and potassium, low levels of acidity and high content of sugars and soluble solids/acidity ratio. The peel of fruits of Cereus jamacaru has high levels of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus. The pulp of fruits of Tacinga inamoena and the pulp and peel of the fruit Cereus jamacaru have significant levels of phenolic compounds and betalains; however, it has a low content of anthocyanins, carotenoids, flavonoids and antioxidant activity by ABTS method. With Basis on quality variables evaluated in this study, we say the fruits of Tacinga inamoena and Cereus jamacaru have the potential for commercialization in natura and industrialization / Diversas são as espécies frutíferas nativas e exóticas de importância econômica com potencial para exploração na região semiárida. A Tacinga inamoena e o Cereus jamacaru são plantas nativas da região Nordeste, que se encontram distribuída em quase todo o semiárido, com grande potencialidade entre as cactáceas. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar quanto aos aspectos físicos, químicos e potencial antioxidante da polpa e casca dos frutos da palma e do mandacaru. O experimento adotado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com 4 repetições. Os frutos da Tacinga inamoena e Cereus jamacaru foram provenientes de populações de plantas que se encontram de forma espontânea e dispersa na Caatinga, localizados nos municípios de Angicos e Mossoró-RN. Os frutos foram colhidos diretamente na planta e conduzidos ao Laboratório de Fisiologia e Tecnologia Pós-colheita de Frutos da Universidade Federal Rural do Semiárido (UFERSA), em Mossoró-RN, ocasião em que se determinou: massa fresca, rendimento, diâmetro longitudinal e transversal, firmeza, acidez titulável (AT), sólidos solúveis (SS), relação SS/AT, pH, açúcares totais e redutores, vitamina C, flavonóides amarelos, carotenóides, antocianinas, polifenóis, betalaínas e atividade antioxidante. A polpa dos frutos da Tacinga inamoena tem elevados teores de fósforo, potássio, cálcio, magnésio e acidez titulável; também são fontes de vitamina C. A polpa dos frutos do Cereus jamacaru tem elevados teores de cálcio e potássio, baixo teores de acidez e elevado conteúdo de açúcares e da relação sólidos solúveis/acidez. A casca dos frutos do Cereus jamacaru tem elevados teores de cálcio, magnésio e fósforo. A polpa dos frutos de Tacinga inamoena e a polpa e casca do fruto de Cereus jamacaru tem significativo teores de compostos fenólicos e betalaínas; entretanto, tem baixo conteúdo de antocianinas, carotenoides, flavonoides e atividade antioxidante pelo método ABTS. Com base nas variáveis de qualidade avaliada no presente estudo, os frutos da Tacinga inamoena e do Cereus jamacaru tem potencial para comercialização na forma in natura e para industrialização

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-12T19:18:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RydleyKBL_DISSERT.pdf: 903646 bytes, checksum: c0d0a796d77f498e063d8b3a7801996c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-24 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / There are several native and exotic fruit species of economic importance with potential for exploration in semi-arid region. The Tacinga inamoena and Cereus jamacaru are native plants of the Northeast region, which are distributed throughout most of the semi-arid, with great potential among the cacti. The study aimed to characterize the physical, chemical and antioxidant potential of the pulp and peel of fruits of palm and native mandacaru. The experiment was completely randomized, with 4 repetitions. The fruits of Tacinga inamoena and Cereus jamacaru were obtained from populations of plants that are found spontaneous and dispersed in the Caatinga, located in the cities of Angicos and Mossoró-RN. The fruits were harvested directly from the plant and taken to the Laboratory of Physiology and Technology of Fruit Postharvest of the Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA) in Mossoró-RN, at which time it we determined: fresh fruit mass, fruit yield, longitudinal and transverse diameter, firmness, titratable acidity, relation SS/AT, pH, soluble solids, total and reducing sugars, vitamin C, yellow flavonoids, total carotenoids, total anthocyanins, polyphenols total extractable, betalains and antioxidant activity. The pulp of the fruits of Tacinga inamoena have high levels of phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and titratable acidity; they are also sources of vitamin C. The fruit pulp of Cereus jamacaru has high levels of calcium and potassium, low levels of acidity and high content of sugars and soluble solids/acidity ratio. The peel of fruits of Cereus jamacaru has high levels of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus. The pulp of fruits of Tacinga inamoena and the pulp and peel of the fruit Cereus jamacaru have significant levels of phenolic compounds and betalains; however, it has a low content of anthocyanins, carotenoids, flavonoids and antioxidant activity by ABTS method. With Basis on quality variables evaluated in this study, we say the fruits of Tacinga inamoena and Cereus jamacaru have the potential for commercialization in natura and industrialization / Diversas são as espécies frutíferas nativas e exóticas de importância econômica com potencial para exploração na região semiárida. A Tacinga inamoena e o Cereus jamacaru são plantas nativas da região Nordeste, que se encontram distribuída em quase todo o semiárido, com grande potencialidade entre as cactáceas. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar quanto aos aspectos físicos, químicos e potencial antioxidante da polpa e casca dos frutos da palma e do mandacaru. O experimento adotado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com 4 repetições. Os frutos da Tacinga inamoena e Cereus jamacaru foram provenientes de populações de plantas que se encontram de forma espontânea e dispersa na Caatinga, localizados nos municípios de Angicos e Mossoró-RN. Os frutos foram colhidos diretamente na planta e conduzidos ao Laboratório de Fisiologia e Tecnologia Pós-colheita de Frutos da Universidade Federal Rural do Semiárido (UFERSA), em Mossoró-RN, ocasião em que se determinou: massa fresca, rendimento, diâmetro longitudinal e transversal, firmeza, acidez titulável (AT), sólidos solúveis (SS), relação SS/AT, pH, açúcares totais e redutores, vitamina C, flavonóides amarelos, carotenóides, antocianinas, polifenóis, betalaínas e atividade antioxidante. A polpa dos frutos da Tacinga inamoena tem elevados teores de fósforo, potássio, cálcio, magnésio e acidez titulável; também são fontes de vitamina C. A polpa dos frutos do Cereus jamacaru tem elevados teores de cálcio e potássio, baixo teores de acidez e elevado conteúdo de açúcares e da relação sólidos solúveis/acidez. A casca dos frutos do Cereus jamacaru tem elevados teores de cálcio, magnésio e fósforo. A polpa dos frutos de Tacinga inamoena e a polpa e casca do fruto de Cereus jamacaru tem significativo teores de compostos fenólicos e betalaínas; entretanto, tem baixo conteúdo de antocianinas, carotenoides, flavonoides e atividade antioxidante pelo método ABTS. Com base nas variáveis de qualidade avaliada no presente estudo, os frutos da Tacinga inamoena e do Cereus jamacaru tem potencial para comercialização na forma in natura e para industrialização

Neem cake is a product of the cold pressing from the neem kernels to obtain neem oil. Bio-active substances from neem cake extracted solutions were evaluated for their potential to control the root knot nematodes and other pests of plants. In this study different concentrations of the solution extracted from neem cake was tested against the second stage juveniles of the plant parasitic nematode Meloidogyne spp. and four phytopathogenic fungi: Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotium rolfsii, Collectotrichum spp. and Phytopthora capsici. Toxicity of neem cake extractions is represented by the EC50 value for the second-stage juvenile (J2) of Meloidogyne spp. and the four phytopathogenic fungi via Probit analysis. A 5% dilution of the solvent extracting from neem cake already caused 100% larval mortality after 24 hours exposure. Undiluted neem cake extraction effectively inhibited the growth of the four phytopathogenic fungi. The EC50 value of neem cake on J2-larvae of Meloidogyne nematode and on the fungi Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotium rolfsii, Collectotrichum spp. and Phytophthora capsici was 0.51, 0.74, 0.30, 0.51 and 4.33%, respectively. / Bánh dầu neem là sản phẩm của quá trình ép nhân hạt neem để lấy dầu. Các hoạt chất sinh học từ dịch chiết bánh dầu neem đã được đánh giá có tiềm năng lớn trong phòng trừ tuyến trùng nốt sưng và các loài dịch hại khác của nhiều loại cây trồng. Trong nghiên cứu này các nồng độ dịch chiết khác nhau của bánh dầu neem đã được thử nghiệm khả năng diệt tuyến trùng (ấu trùng tuổi 2 thuộc giống Meloidogyne spp.) và ức chế 4 loài nấm bệnh như: Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotium rolfsii, Collectotrichum spp. và Phytopthora capsici. Độc tính của dịch chiết bánh dầu neem được biểu diễn bởi giá trị EC50 đối với ấu trùng tuổi 2 của tuyến trùng Meloidogyne spp. và các loài nấm bệnh thông qua phân tích Probit. Dịch chiết bánh dầu neem ở nồng độ 5% đã làm chết 100% cá thể IJ2 của Meloidogyne spp sau 24 giờ phơi nhiễm. Dịch nguyên chất bánh dầu neem ức chế cả 4 loài nấm bệnh. Giá trị EC50 của bánh dầu neem lên ấu trùng tuổi 2 của Meloidogyne spp và các loài nấm bệnh Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotium rolfsii, Collectotrichum spp. and Phytophthora capsici tương ứng là 0.51, 0.74, 0.30, 0.51 và 4.33%.