Diplomová práce se zabývá otázkou kvality biopotravin ve srovnání s konvenčními potravinami. Kvalita je posuzována z hlediska zdravotní nezávadnosti v podobě možného ohrožení ze strany potravinových aditiv. Ty jsou posuzovány jako významné kritérium jakosti. Také hodnotí kvalitu pomocí znaků jako jsou trvanlivost, organoleptická vhodnost a výživová hodnota. Zároveň je v práci zpracován spotřebitelský dotazník, týkající se místa, sortimentu, spokojenosti zákazníků a frekvence nákupu biopotravin.

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Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica, 2018. / Submitted by Raquel Almeida (raquel.df13@gmail.com) on 2018-05-08T18:42:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_EfrainAndresRodriguesGasca.pdf: 7286873 bytes, checksum: 71654086d3141b606ed57e10cf1ff3f4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Raquel Viana (raquelviana@bce.unb.br) on 2018-06-05T20:47:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_EfrainAndresRodriguesGasca.pdf: 7286873 bytes, checksum: 71654086d3141b606ed57e10cf1ff3f4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-05T20:47:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_EfrainAndresRodriguesGasca.pdf: 7286873 bytes, checksum: 71654086d3141b606ed57e10cf1ff3f4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-06-05 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES). / Esta dissertação trata do desenvolvimento de um robô com cinemática paralela Delta Linear para Manufatura Aditiva (AM-Additive Manufacturing) e a proposição de um modelo de informação para AM baseado no padrão STEP-NC. AM é considerada como uma tendência da Indústria 4.0, aportando grandes benefícios para o desenvolvimento de novos produtos, incluindo redução do tempo de lançamento ao mercado, liberdade de projeto para manufatura e reduções na cadeia de suprimentos. No entanto, ainda persistem sérios problemas sobre a cadeia digital da AM com o uso de antigos formatos para troca de dados. O formato STL (1987) tem sido usado como padrão “de fato" para troca de dados entre softwares de projeto 3D e sistemas de AM e da mesma forma, os controladores numéricos dos sistemas de AM ainda utilizam o padrão de código G (ISO 6983/1980). Porém esses formatos possuem inconvenientes que os tornam incompatíveis com a ideia de uma cadeia digital de alto nível para AM. O ISO 14649, conhecido como STEP-NC, é agora categorizado como a solução aos problemas de troca de dados em AM. Este trabalho explora o padrão STEP-NC para suportar uma cadeia digital de alto nível para AM. Um modelo de atividade de aplicação usando a nomenclatura IDEF0 e um modelo de referência de aplicação na linguagem EXPRESS são apresentados e o conceito de AM-layer-feature é introduzido para referenciar features de AM dentro do modelo EXPRESS. A arquitetura de uma plataforma de AM com controle STEP-NC indireto para implementação do novo modelo também é apresentada. Em paralelo a dissertação apresenta o projeto, análise cinemática e síntese dimensional de uma nova estrutura de robô paralelo Delta Linear com pares cinemáticos constituídos por 12 elos (3 hastes paralelas simples), 11 juntas rotacionais e 3 juntas prismáticas, diferindo da solução clássica constituída por 9 elos (3 hastes paralelas compostas), 12 juntas esféricas e 3 juntas prismáticas. A cinemática direta e inversa é apresentada, bem como um método de otimização baseada em algoritmos genéticos para determinar os valores mínimos para os parâmetros cinemáticos do robô em função de uma espaço de trabalho cilíndrico prescrito com 250 mm de diâmetro e uma altura de 300 mm. O robô Delta Linear baseado na nova estrutura foi construído e testado. Uma análise de capacidade e desvios geométricos foi realizada para três peças de teste com um resultado de desvio/erro de 0,208 mm dentro de um intervalo de confiança de 99,7 %. / This dissertation aims at the development of a delta robot with a new kinematic chain for application in Additive Manufacturing (AM) and the proposition of an information model for additive manufacturing STEP-NC. Additive Manufacturing is upheld as one mega-trend from new industrial landscape - Industry 4.0. Massive benefits are promised by AM for development of the new products including reduced time-to-launch, manufacturing design freedom and supply chain improvements. Nevertheless, serious problems persist on AM digital chain with the use of format old styles for data exchange. The STL (1987) format has been used as the “de facto”standard for data exchange between 3D-design softwares and AM systems. Similarly, numerical controllers of AM systems still use the G-code (ISO 6983/1980) standard. But they have drawbacks that make them incompatible with the idea of a high-level digital chain for AM. ISO 14649, known as STEP-NC, is now trusted as a solution for AM data exchange. This work explores the STEPNC standard to support the AM high-level digital chain and highlights the advantages of such a digital chain. An application activity model using the nomenclature IDEF0 and an application reference model in EXPRESS are presented. The concept of AM-layer-feature is introduced for referencing AM features within of the EXPRESS model. The architecture of a indirect STEP-NC AM platform for implementation of the new model also is presented. After this work presents the design, synthesis, and kinematic analysis of a new structure of the Linear Delta parallel robot with kinematic pairs consisting of 12 links (3 single parallel legs), 3 prismatic joints and 11 revolute joints, differing from the classical solution constituted by 9 links (3 pairs of parallel legs), 12 ball joints and 3 prismatic joints. Direct and inverse kinematics are presented, as well as a genetic algorithm-based optimization method to determine the kinematic pairs and the workspace pairs that the mechanism will have for its application in additive manufacturing using the Fused Deposition Modeling process. After the validation of the design of the new Linear Delta robot topology, which presents a cylindrical workspace with a 250 mm diameter and a 300 mm height, the Linear Delta robot was manufactured and tested. Capability and geometric deviations analysis of the machine were carried out for three test parts resulting in a 0.3 mm deviation/error within a confidence interval of 99.7%.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T17:22:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo5521_1.pdf: 1053387 bytes, checksum: f211db72867493fe5d2d8bb806fb1a33 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / O objetivo desse trabalho foi comparar diferentes formas de trabalhar a resolução de problemas da estrutura aditiva na educação infantil. Dentre as formas trabalhadas, focamos neste estudo o jogo de regras, na medida em que os Referenciais Nacionais de Educação Infantil (1998) e vários autores (SMOLE, DINIZ e CÂNDIDO, 2000 a, b; DEVRIES, 2004; entre outros) mostraram a importância de se utilizar de jogos para trabalhar conceitos matemáticos na educação infantil. Neste sentido, este estudo buscou comparar três formas para se trabalhar com resolução de problemas na educação infantil: o primeiro grupo Jogo com intervenção resolveu problemas em situações de jogos de regras (Boliche e Trilha), havendo intervenção pedagógica; o segundo grupo Resolução de problemas escolares resolveu problemas semelhantes àqueles apresentados nos livros didáticos da educação infantil; o terceiro grupo Jogo livre trabalhou com os mesmos jogos de regras de forma livre, ou seja, sem haver a intervenção pedagógica. Participaram desse estudo 36 crianças com idade média de cinco anos de idade e de escola infantil da rede municipal da cidade do Recife. As crianças participaram de um pré-teste, uma intervenção, um pós-teste imediato e um pós-teste posterior realizado seis semanas após o pós-teste imediato. A partir dos resultados do pré-teste, as crianças foram distribuídas nos três grupos de intervenção, já descritos acima. As intervenções foram realizadas em duplas e em duas sessões. Os resultados indicaram diferenças significativas entre os desempenhos dos grupos, tendo o grupo Resolução de problemas e Jogo com intervenção apresentado desempenhos superiores ao grupo Jogo Livre. Entretanto, após seis semanas do pós-teste imediato, no pós-teste posterior, apenas o grupo Jogo com intervenção manteve uma diferença de desempenho significativamente superior ao grupo Jogo livre, mostrando que houve a retenção do conhecimento desenvolvido após a intervenção. Com relação à variável Tipo de problema, averiguamos que todos os grupos conseguiram resolver os problemas de combinação com maior facilidade do que os problemas de comparação. De modo geral, o estudo mostrou que se pode trabalhar na educação infantil com a resolução de problemas matemáticos de uma forma prazerosa e significativa para a criança a partir da utilização de jogos. Entretanto, nossos dados também mostram que é importante incorporar, ao jogo, uma intencionalidade pedagógica por parte do professor de modo que a criança possa não só agir, mas também refletir sobre suas ações e estratégias durante o jogo. Assim, consideramos que a resolução de problemas inseridos no jogo de regra pode proporcionar para a criança experiências ricas e contextualizadas que equilibrem o lúdico e o educativo, favorecendo a aprendizagem matemática

The dissertation deals with the risk of clostridia presence in animal feed, particularly in silages, excrements, and in litter (separate of cattle slurry). At the same time, their presence was observed in the rumen fluid and milk. The main objective of the study was to assess the effect of addition of surface layer of soil in different levels of contamination (0, 20, 40 g/kg of dry matter) and addition of silage additives on hygienic quality of silage, especially on the presence of clostridia and on microorganisms forming spores in the experimental model silages and in operating conditions. Microorganisms forming spores were assessed in all samples. Their counts increased with the higher addition of topsoil. Clostridium perfringens was identified using PCR in silage made of wilted clover, in ruminal fluid (the enterprise A), in excrements coming from both operating conditions (A, B), and separate of cattle slurry coming from the enterprise B. At the same time, positive effect of biological and chemical additives on silage reducing the number of undesirable microorganisms was confirmed.

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Departamento de Matemática, 2008. / Submitted by Jaqueline Oliveira (jaqueoliveiram@gmail.com) on 2008-12-12T14:41:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO_2008_JulianaPaulaRianiMotinha.pdf: 387354 bytes, checksum: 3a786b255f6f8d805cb062e1ee31d4ed (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Georgia Fernandes(georgia@bce.unb.br) on 2009-02-19T17:01:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO_2008_JulianaPaulaRianiMotinha.pdf: 387354 bytes, checksum: 3a786b255f6f8d805cb062e1ee31d4ed (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2009-02-19T17:01:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO_2008_JulianaPaulaRianiMotinha.pdf: 387354 bytes, checksum: 3a786b255f6f8d805cb062e1ee31d4ed (MD5) / O presente trabalho é baseado nos artigos de Tietäväinen e Low, Pitman e Wolff, onde ambos investigam condições para solubilidade p-ádica de formas aditivas, em n variáveis, de grau k ímpar. É verificado para uma forma que, se n ≥ [(log 2)−1k log k], então esta forma possui zeros p-ádicos não triviais, para todo primo p. Posteriormente, estudamos sistemas de R formas de mesmo grau. Uma característica importante deste trabalho é a técnica de partição de matrizes e uma definição diferenciada de sistema normalizado, diferente da introduzida por Davenport e Lewis. Com essa nova abordagem, temos uma significativa melhora nos resultados obtidos por Davenport e Lewis. ________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT / This work is based on articles of Tietäväinen and Low, Pitman and Wolff, where both investigate conditions for p-ádic solubility from additive forms, in n variables, of odd degree k. It is checked for a form that, if n ≥ [(log 2)−1k log k], then this form has non-trivial p-ádics zeros, for any prime p. Subsequently, we studied systems of R forms with the same degree. An important feature of this work is the technique of matrices’ partition and a different definition of normalised system, different from that introduced by Davenport and Lewis. With this new approach, we have a significant improvement in the results obtained by Davenport and Lewis.

The view of this work there was an evaluation of the most important factors which may major affect the corn sillage's quality, the mechanical fored corn in the concrete. Between these the choice of way of grain's disturbance, amount of solids in the ensilage grain and the ensiling additives (the type as well as the application) belong especially. Also, the way of storage involves in final quality check, as well as on hygienic wholesome and acceptable feeding. The work, in the beginning, deals with general characteristic of silages, it defines this questions and devides these in consequence -- simplified, according to the predominant nutrient of an amount of solids in the silage material. At the close, it summarizes the conditions for the succesful silage process on the whole. The practical part applies oneself to a nutriet structure comparison and, first of all, the quality of fermentation's evaluation depending on the used types of additive. The lowest values of a fermentative acids amount they were show in a silage treated by a chemical preparation, only in these silages the present of an acetatic acid was detected at the same time. Also, the amount of a lactic acid was affected with this type of additive. The most significant differences in comparison with the control silage variety were noted on an amout of alcohol after the using and urea. Against this, its amount was trivial in the other experimental silages.

The purpose of this thesis is an elaboration of the methodology of composting accelerators exploitation with a vision to prevent a deposition of biologically waste on a landfill. The thesis consists of three main chapters. The description of the physical and chemical aspects of a composting process and the historical development of a composting technology is a content of the first chapter. Second chapter focuses on the up to date knowledge of compost accelerators. Third chapter describes and contain the methodology, results of experiments and discussion of advisability and suitability of the compost accelerators as a tool which could prevent a biological waste landfilling.

Plant cultivation in soils heavily contaminated by risk elements is a challenging issue due to phytotoxic effects that restrict plant growth. Liming and phosphate additives application reduce the mobility of some risk elements in contaminated soils and can be a suitable measure for contaminated soils but can also affect availability of nutrients for plants. Therefore, it is necessary to test response of tolerant plants (trees and herbs) on soils heavily contaminated by risk elements and look for the most suitable combination of soil additives and tolerant plants. Experimental part of PhD thesis was divided into the incubation experiments and the vegetation pot experiments. The incubation experiments: The efficiency of liming and phosphate additives at three application rates was tested for micro- and toxic elements immobilisation in weakly acid and alkaline soils heavily contaminated by As, Cd, Pb, and Zn within period of 42 days. The vegetation pot experiments: The two tolerant plants Salix × smithiana Willd. (three-year experiment) and Rumex obtusifolius L. (one-year experiment) were planted in the same contaminated soils as in the incubation experiments. Both soils were untreated and treated with two doses of lime and dolomite (S. smithiana) or treated with lime and superphosphate (R. obtusifolius). For both plants, we evaluated the initial plant growth, plant mortality, biomass production or content of macro-, micro- and toxic elements in the biomass. We evaluated also the content of organic acids in the biomass of R. obtusifolius. Higher immobilisation effects on acid-extractable Cd, Zn, Pb, and Mn was observed for fast soluble additives (lime, superphosphate) compare to slow soluble additives (dolomite, rock phosphate) only in weakly acid soil. Lime application irrespective of dose with foliar Fe application and planting willows in the second year after the application of lime seemed to be the most suitable measure for increasing biomass production and decreasing toxic elements, especially Cd and Zn, without decreasing the macro- and micronutrients in the aboveground organs of willows in weakly acid soil. Seedlings of R. obtusifolius are sensitive to high availability of Ca, Cd, Pb, and Zn in soil. Biomass production was negatively related to the mobility of micro- and toxic elements. Elevated transport of micro- and toxic elements from belowground organs into leaves was recorded in both lime-treated soils and in superphosphate-treated alkaline soil as a result of sufficient amount of Ca available from soil solution as well as from superphosphate that can probably modify distribution of micro- and toxic elements in R. obtusifolius as a representative of oxalate plants. Rumex obtusifolius is an As-, Cd-, Pb-, and Zn-excluder and is sensitive to high availability of micro- and toxic elements in the soil. Soil chemical properties affect the distribution of essential elements within the plant greatly. In alkaline soil, R. obtusifolius is an Al-hyperaccumulator with the highest concentrations of oxalate in leaves, of malate in stems, and of citrate in belowground organs. These organic acids form strong complexes with Al that can play a key role in internal Al tolerance.

The thesis process the issue of formation and elimination of acrylamide in foods. Experimentally solves optimization recipe to reduce the content of acrylamide in gingerbread while maintaining the sensory properties. It was verified the effect of three different additives (soda, calcium chloride and citric acid) on acrylamide formation in comparison with the original recipe, which is traditionally used leavening agent ammonium carbonate, which promotes the formation of acrylamide. Combination of all three tested compounds is able to reduce the acrylamide content below the detection limit and simultaneously achieve an acceptable sensory properties. Questions related to some undesirable effects in the rejected variants in tested combinations of additives are discussed.