My diploma thesis deal with relative adjectives and their translation. The aim of this thesis is to map out frequently used adjectives and their equivalents in Spanish. The thesis is divided into two parts: a theoretical part and a practical part. In the theoretical part, the author discusses adjectives from the perspective of Czech and Spanish grammar. In the practical part, ananalysis of specific adjectives, chosen by the author herself, is carried out. In the conclusion, findings are evaluated and the thesis is concluded on the basis of corpus analysis. The thesis is written in Czech language.\\

There are some adjectives in language which sound strange to a native speaker in their graded form. Consider this sentence: "These pearls are more real than the real ones!" ("Tyhle perly jsou pravější než pravé!") How can they be more real? What does it even mean? I attempt to answer these and other questions in this paper. While the phenomenon of rarely graded adjectives may quite peripheral, it is nonetheless interesting and understanding it is important for the general understanding of adjective gradation. Adjectives such as real are traditionally considered non-gradable. However, as we can see from the example, that doesn't mean they can't be graded. The distinction between gradable and non-gradable adjectives apparently cannot be clear-cut. The goal of this paper is to describe this phenomenon, determine which properties rarely graded adjectives have and how they can be graded. I use data from a large corpus of written Czech (SYN v4) to find these adjectives and the way they are used. I employ both quantitative and qualitative methods to reach a comprehensive overview of rarely graded adjectives. I use statistical methods to find parameters specific for this type of adjective and semantic analysis to divide it into well-motivated categories. I also explain why they are graded only rarely, how...

The dissertation thesis deals with the development of verbal adjectives from the so-called middle age (with regard to the creation of adjectives in Old Czech) with an overlap to the new Czech. Emphasis is placed on word-forming, which means that deverbal adjectives will be examined according to the way they are created, including the word-type semantics. Nor will their morphological side be neglected. The aim of this work is to indicate the development of verbal adjectives based on the analysis of excerpted material and thus contribute to their deeper knowledge.

Topic of this dissertation are compound adjective, their development and usage during two historical periods. Compounding is on the edge of czech word-formation methods. This method of creating new lexical units has spread the most during Czech National Revival as one way of expanding czech lexicon. Authors used mostly semantic fullness, economy of expression and uncommonness of compounds in both specialized and artistical texts and in both prosaical and poetical texts. Compounding already started to evolve more in Baroque period, compounds were used for their communicative value and unusualness. Basic classification is adopted from monograph Česká kompozita diachronně by Dušan Šlosar (1999), secondarily from monograph Tvoření slov skládáním by Ivana Bozděchová (1994). The aim of the work is to capture development of structures used in adjective compounds formation during these two periods, also to examine their occurences, functions and types, how they developed and changed during the periods of Baroque and Czech National Revival. The work contributes to analytical examination of the historical development of word-formation level of czech language, specifically of the method of compounding.

This diploma thesis deals with the semantics of Dutch adjectives, their categorization and internal classification. The first section observes and analyses the criteria for delimiting adjectives as an independent word class and establishing adjectival subcategories, as dictated by the most influential Dutch grammar publications. One key area of focus is the concept of gradability and its role in delimiting and classifying adjectives. These definitions and classifications are confronted using the scalar approach, according to which adjectives represent a scale of properties and may be sorted depending on which type of scale they express. The practical section comprises a corpus study whose aim is to examine the validity of the assumptions formulated in the theoretical introduction regarding the gradability of adjectives. Using a sample of 100 adjectival lemmas with the lowest coefficient value for the likelihood of gradability, acquired from the Dutch language corpora CGN and SoNaR, the study follows a set of morphological, syntactic, semantic and discourse variables which may warrant the use of the comparative or superlative even with adjectives which are generally considered to be ungradable. The results of the analysis suggest that it is more appropriate to regard gradability as a statistical...

This master thesis deals with the synthetic absolute superlative in contemporary Portuguese and its Czech counterparts. The aim was to describe the phenomenon in detail, explain the usage of doublet forms and discover the most frequent Czech counterparts of the absolute superlative in Portuguese language. The research was based on a corpora analysis of a Portuguese corpus named Corpus do Português and on a contrastive analysis of the parallel corpus Intercorp. The results show that in the case of the usage of the doublets, the borders between spoken and formal language might fade away, one of the doublets (formal vs. informal) often dominates and the usage is also influenced, apart from the level of formality, by other factors, for example by the variety of Portuguese. The most frequent Czech counterpart of the absolute superlative is a positive adjective usually bearing a higher value of expressiveness than the Portuguese adjective. The Czech language expresses the value of the absolute superlative primarily through its lexicon. Other counterparts are various expressions using adverbs, prefixes, diminutive or augmentative suffixes etc. In conclusion, a reverse control was made, and we identified the most frequent equivalents of several chosen Czech counterparts.

The present MA thesis studies adjectives of positive evaluation in present-day spoken British English. Other means of expressing subjective stance (e.g. intensifiers) were repeatedly described as undergoing constant change. However, variation in evaluative adjectives has received little quantitative attention so far (perhaps with the exception of Tagliamonte & Pabst, 2020). Our material consists of two corpora of informal spoken British English: Spoken BNC2014 and the spoken, demographically sampled section of the original BNC (1994). The starting point for the analysis is a frequency list of adjectives, from which we select adjectives with evaluative potential which differ significantly in frequency across the two corpora. Three adjectives: amazing, awesome and cool, are described in greater detail. The use of evaluative adjectives is described from several perspectives. We focus on syntactic functions of the adjectives, their co-occurrence with intensifiers and their collocations. From a sociolinguistic point of view, we describe the use of the adjectives with respect to the age and gender of the speakers. The analysis showed that adjectives of positive evaluation are an unstable category, and the change in adjectival use was reflected in its distribution. At the same time, we note changes in...

This diploma thesis deals with prenominal and postnominal adjectives in Italian. The thesis is divided into two main parts. The first part, the theoretical one, describes the basic characteristics of Italian adjectives which are being classified. It also focuses on the prenominal and postnominal adjectives and on the factors that influence their position in classification. The second part, the practical one, works with the web corpus called itWaC. Using the web corpus, there are frequency lists of adjectives in positions ART-ADJ-NOUN and ART-NOUN-ADJ being created. It results in creation of one final list that includes the adjectives appearing in the position both before and after the noun. Then the chosen adjectives are being analyzed in order to verify the initial theoretical knowledge and to specify the changes in meaning, related to the position change of the adjectives.

in English This dissertation studies su xal derivation of adjectives from nouns in French. It is based on a lexicon of about 15, 000 adjectives, 40% of which may be considered deno- minal. I rst present the data under investigation. I describe the Dénom database, which was derived from large scale lexica. In order to assess the position of denominal adjectives in the more general adjectival system, I present a classi cation of French adjectives on the basis of their morphological properties. In the process, I spot cases where the fringes of the class of denominals are unclear, and question the distributional and semantic co- hesion of the class. I nally review di erent types of formal or semantic mismatches between the adjective and its base noun. In a second step, I present a study of the formal and semantic properties of a subset of denominal adjectives where the morphological relation between base and derivative is regular. This subset is selected on the basis of the type frequency of formal patterns of alternation between base and derivative. I describe the phonological and morpholo- gical properties of base nouns, with the aim of uncovering factors that play a role in the formation of adjectives. This leads to the observation of morphological niches, that is, cases where the presence of a...

ABCTRACT This master's thesis is focused on Finnish intensification expressions in the form of the genitive case of adjectives and on adjectives intensified by them. Research is carried out in the form of corpus-based analysis for the purpose of seeing if semantics of intensification expressions affect the possibility of their combination with intensified adjectives. The first chapters of the thesis are dedicated to the theoretical study of semantic relationships and intensification. First of all, the corpus analysis attention focuses on what semantic features intensification expressions themselves have. Intensification expressions are categorized into groups on the basis of these features. Three of the groups are a subject of a more detailed analysis. Each group is represented by three intensification enpressions whose adjective collocations and wider context are examined. The purpose of this part of the analysis is to find out if different groups of intensification expressions appear in different contexts and if expressions belonging to the same group prefer a combination with the same adjectives. Key words: Finnish, intensification expressions, semantic preference and prosody, adjectives, corpus-based analysis