During the statehood process, the institute of the district heads is an essential part of the administrative state rule system that helps to realize its policy in the whole country. This institute was established in 1918. During the interwar the rights and duties of the district heads were mostly regulated by the circular note of the secretary Home Office 17, December 1918 “Provisional rights and duties of the district heads”, legislation of the local governments, other right’s acts which gave them the vast rights. During the whole 1918-1940 lifetime of the Republic of Lithuanian the institute of the district heads was the intermediate between the central Executive Branch of the country and the autonomous bodies. The heads of the districts qualified for a care and kept in check the small rural districts, district municipalities’ work and their resolutions. Since 1924 the district heads worked at the same time and as district board’s chairpersons, so they took right to rule district municipalities. As the secretary of the Home Office chose the district heads, so this enabled the central government to have its representative in the districts that were loyal and reliant. The district heads implemented the authoritarian policy of the central government at the locality, prevented the tendency of the democratic development in the self-government. It was obviously after the 1926 coup d’etat. Since 1931 the heads of districts were enabled to administer a supervision of the small... [to full text]

Lietuvos Respublikos muitinės vaidmuo smarkiai pasikeitė nuo 2004 m. gegužės 1 d. Po įstojimo į ES prekės valstybių narių teritorija juda be jokių prekybos apribojimų, o importuojamoms iš trečiųjų šalių prekėms taikomi vienodi tarifai ir kvotos. Lietuva atsakinga už ES išorinės sienos apsaugą, todėl padidėjo jos atsakomybė tikrinant iš trečiųjų šalių gabenamas prekes. Po 2004 m. pasikeitė ir muitinės, kaip mokesčių surinkėjos vaidmuo – kadangi muitai ir muito mokesčiai yra sudedamoji ES nuosavų išteklių sistemos dalis. Kadangi muitinis apmokestinimas siejamas su trimis pagrindinėmis charakteristikomis – prekių kilme, prekės kodu, prekių muitine verte, todėl muitinė atlikdama savo, kaip mokesčių surinkėjos vaidmenį, visų pirma, turi įvertinti ir atlikti patikrinimus, susijusios su šiomis charakteristikomis, kadangi daugiausia muitų teisės aktų pažeidimų kaip tik ir nustatoma šioje srityje. Lietuvos muitinė, būdama atsakinga už rinkos ir visuomenės apsaugą bei mokesčių administravimą, turi siekti šių tikslų: • Įdiegti kompiuterizuotą rizikos valdymo sistemą, siekiant užtikrinti efektyvią prekių ir asmenų judėjimo kontrolę; • Tapti koordinuojančia institucija, atsakinga už prekių judėjimo per išorines ES sienas kontrolę; • Imtis atitinkamų, tarptautinius standartus atitinkančių priemonių ir metodų atliekant prekių ir transporto priemonių patikrinimus; • Skatinti ir vystyti muitinių bendradarbiavimą, užtikrinti efektyvų keitimąsi informacija ir taip operatyviau atskleisti galimus... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / After joining EU the tasks of Lithuanian Customs Authorities rapidly changed, because they became responsible for the protection of external EU borders. Customs plays a vital role in protecting borders from the entry of illegal and harmful goods. EU Customs Union is based on a main principle – free movement of goods, which means that the goods between EU territory can move without no restrictions applied. Since 2004 Customs as tax collector‘s role also change – customs duties form a part of Communities own resources system. The main characteristics that have an impact on customs duties applied are origin of goods, tarriff clasification and customs value and because of that the most of the customs law infringements accur then the import operations are performed. This is why the customs authorities should carry out the inspections on these elements very carefully. The tasks in the market and society protection and tax administration include the following: • to implement a computerized risk management system related to goods, customs procedures and persons, and to integrate it into EU risk management process; • to become a coordinating institution, responsible for control of goods being transported through the external EU borders of Lithuania in the integrated state border protection system of the Republic of Lithuania; • to ensure control of movement of goods by implementing modern measures and methodologies, as used in other EU Member States, for customs examination of goods... [to full text]