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The effect of gratitude interventions on the psychological well-being of a group of adolescents in GautengKruger, Tracy 16 April 2014 (has links)
M.A. (Clinical Psychology) / Increasingly, research studies have revealed that gratitude and psychological well-being are robustly related. In addition gratitude interventions have been successful in increasing facets of well-being in adults and early adolescents. However, less is known about the effects of gratitude on middle adolescent sample groups and their eudaimonic well-being. Further, little is known about the impact that gratitude interventions will have on adolescents living in the South African context. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a four-week gratitude intervention on the psychological well-being (PWB) of a group of middle adolescents in Gauteng, South Africa. Both state and trait gratitude were measured before the intervention as well as their levels of four facets of well-being, namely overall life satisfaction, hedonic well-being, eudaimonic well-being and the absence of pathology. These levels were measured again after the intervention had been completed. Adolescents (N=230) from two high schools were randomly allocated to either an experimental group (n=112) or control group (n=118) based on their assigned class at school. Questionnaires measuring their levels of gratitude and psychological well-being were administered to both groups before and after the intervention. The experimental group received four gratitude exercises consecutively, over a four-week period while the control group received four neutral activities over the same time frame. The data was analysed quantitatively by conducting one-tailed t-tests. In addition, a brief follow-up qualitative study was conducted to assess the participants’ subjective experiences of the intervention. The quantitative results indicated that there were no significant differences in PWB or gratitude between the two groups after the intervention. There were also no significant differences found within the experimental group when the pre- and post-test scores were compared. The qualitative results revealed that the participants found the gratitude intervention to have been enjoyable and helpful, and expressed feeling more grateful and appreciative in general. In addition, many reported that their relationships with others had improved. These findings revealed that the gratitude intervention did not yield statistically significant results however the adolescents’ subjective experience of the intervention was positive. More research is needed to understand the effect of positive psychology interventions among South African adolescents.
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Die verband tussen identiteitsontwikkeling en persoonlikheidstipevoorkeure by adolessente in die Wes-KaapDe Wet, Bernita 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MEdPsych)--University of Stellenbosch, 2002. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The primary aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between identity
development and personality type preference during the adolescent developmental phase.
The Extended Objective Measure of Ego Identity status (EOM-EIS-2) and the Myers-Briggs
Type Indicator (MBTI) were used as research instruments. School, gender and language
were considered as the demographic variables.
Personality type preferences and the demographic variables indicated six significant
interactions. The Thinking-Feeling (T-J) scale was related significantly to the gender
variable. Sensing-Intuition (S-N), Thinking-Feeling (T-J) and Judging-Perception (J-P) were
related significantly to language. Sensing-Intuition (S-N) and Judging-Perception (J-P)
have indicated significant interactions with the school variable.
Identity status and the demographic variables also indicated significant interactions.
Gender was related significantly to the interpersonal moratorium status. The school and
language variables interacted with the identity diffusion, foreclosure and moratorium
statuses in the ideological and in the interpersonal domains..
Significant interactions were indicated among identity status and two of the dimensions of
personality type preference, that is Sensing-Intuition (S-N) and Judgement-Perception (JP).
Significant preferences for Intuition (N) in relation to the ideological, as well as the
interpersonal foraetosure statuses were indicated. Intuition (N) was also related to the.
interpersonal diffusion and moratorium statuses. Preferences for Perception (P) were also
related significantly to ideological and interpersonal foreclosure, as well as to interpersonal
diffusion and moratorium statuses. Neither Thinking-Feeling (T-J) nor Extroversion-
Introversion (E-I) dimensions demonstrated any significant interaction with the identity
statuses.
Educational implications and recommendations are suggested in terms of the indicated
personality types and preferences among adolescents, identity formation, as well as the
demographic variables related to personality type preferences and identity formation.
Recommendations are also suggested with regard to the relationship between identity
status and personality type preferences. The researcher would like to emphasise individual
differences and diversity (in terms of identity development and personality type
preferences) which link up with an inclusive educational approach. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die hoofdoel van die studie was om die verband tussen identiteitsontwikkeling en
persoonlikheidstipevoorkeure tydens die adolessente ontwikkelingsfase te ondersoek. Die
volgende twee vraelyste is gebruik: Die Extended Objective Measure of Ego Identity Status
(EOM-EIS-2) en die Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI). Skool, geslag en taal is oorweeg
as demografiese veranderlikes.
Persoonlikheidstipevoorkeure het ses beduidende interaksies met die demografiese
veranderlikes getoon. Die Denke-Gevoel-skaal het beduidend met geslag verband gehou.
Die Sintuiglik-Intuïtiewe (S-N), Denke-Gevoel (T-J) en Beoordeling-Waarneming (J-P) skale
is beduidend met taal geassosieer. Die Sintuiglik-Intuïtiewe (S-N) en Beoordeling-
Waarneming (J-P) skale het beduidend met skool verband gehou.
Identiteitstatus en die demografiese veranderlikes het ook beduidende verbande
aangetoon. Geslag het 'n beduidende verband met interpersoonlike moratorium getoon.
Skool en taal het elk ses beduidende interaksies met die identiteitsdiffusie-, premature
sluiting- en moratoriumstatusse in die ideologiese en interpersoonlike domeine aangedui.
Beduidende interaksies is gevind tussen identiteitstatus en twee dimensies van
persoonlikheidstipevoorkeure, naamlik die Sintuiglik-Intuïtiewe (S-N) en Beoordeling-
Waarneming (J-P) skale. Beduidende voorkeure ten opsigte van die Intuïtiewe (N) funksie
in die ideologiese en interpersoonlike premature sluitingstatusse, sowel as in die
interpersoonlike diffusie- en moratoriumstatusse is gevind. Beduidende voorkeure ten
opsigte van die Waarnemende funksie is ook in die statusse van ideologiese en
interpersoonlike premature sluiting, sowel as in interpersoonlike diffusie en moratorium
aangedui. Sowel die Ekstroversie-Introversie (E-I) as die Denke-Gevoel (T-J) dimensies
het geen beduidende interaksies met identiteitstatusse aangedui nie.
Opvoedkundige implikasies en aanbevelings word aangespreek in terme van die
aangeduide persoonlikheidstipes en -voorkeure, identiteitsontwikkeling, en die
demografiese veranderlikes wat persoonlikheidstipevoorkeure en identiteitsontwikkeling
affekteer. Aanbevelings met betrekking tot die aangeduide verband tussen identiteitstatus
en persoonlikheidstipevoorkeure word ook gedoen. Die navorsing wil indiwiduele verskille
en diversiteit (ten opsigte van identiteitsontwikkeling en persoonlikheidstipevoorkeure)
beklemtoon, wat aansluit by 'n inklusiewe opvoedingsbenadering.
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Early school leavers compared to completers in five major domains of personalityCockram, David John January 1992 (has links)
A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Arts, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, for the Degree of master of Arts in Clinical psychology. / The aim of the research is to find out whether white male
South Africans who Leave high school before completion of
their studies differ significantly in the personality
domains of neuroticism; extraversion, openness,
agreeableness and conscientiousness, from their
counterparts who complete their high school studies.
[Abbreviated Abstract. Open document to view full version] / AC2017
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Masculinity and mobility : a qualitative analysis into how adolescent boys with physical disabilities construct and experience masculine identity.Dutton, Martin James William 21 February 2014 (has links)
This study aimed at looking at how young adolescent boys with physical disabilities construct a masculine identity, how they engage with masculinity and how they manage gendered aspects. The study follows similar masculine research conducted overseas, and some limited work conducted in South Africa, however these studies mainly explored how able-bodied boys relate to masculinity and a masculine identity. Thus, this study covered two broad areas, namely the experience of masculine identities related to a physical disability, as well as a comparison between able bodied and disabled adolescent boys. In order to conduct this research, five adolescent boys from a government school catering for disabilities in Johannesburg interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. The recorded data was transcribed, and thematic analysis was used to analyse and code the data. Some themes that emerged reiterated findings from existing literature, such as aggression and muscle mass as markers of masculinity. Other new themes emerged, such as emotional maturity being important to the boys. The analysis and discussion highlights the central themes, as well as some smaller sub-themes that emerged from the data.
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The impact of parental involvement on the future perspective of the adolescent learner in Siyabushwa : a situation analysisBoshielo, Ngwanajiyane Elizabeth 03 November 2005 (has links)
The central problem guiding this research focuses on the nature of Siyabuswa adolescent learners' future perspective. An in-depth literature study pertaining research methodology was undertaken. Qualitative research methodology was applied to gather information. A situation analysis was conducted in order to scrutinize the orientation of learners towards education and to determine the nature and impact of parental involvement, on the future perspective of their adolescent learners. A pilot study was executed and data gathered for this study were analysed and interpreted. The results served as indicators for the compiling of questionnaires for the unstructured interviews with parents and adolescents. The empirical study indicated various factors that impact negatively on the future perspective of the Siyabuswa adolescent learners. Learners were negatively affected by the following: <ul><li> Surrogate parenting. </li><li> Educational level of parents. </li><li> Learning culture. </li><li> Personal circumstances of parents. </li><li> Teachers' attitude in the Siyabuswa area. </li><li>The impact of the country's state of affairs. <br></li></ul> Two main questions of the study were answered as follows: The nature of the future perspective of the adolescent learners in the Siyabuswa area reflected: <ul><li> a negative attitude towards school tasks, </li><li>a negative attitude towards authority, </li><li> a negative attitude towards the "self",</li><li> failure to comply to academic demands, </li><li>poor school attendance, </li><li> non participation in school-related co-curriculum activities, and </li><li>lack of self-responsibility. <br></li></ul> The nature and extent of parental involvement in the development of the adolescent learners' future perspective indicated that: <ul><li> parents do not set examples by reading for pleasure, </li><li> limited provision of extra learning material is made available at home, </li><li> limited goal setting for the year is done with the child, </li><li> parents lack interest in their children's school work and school related activities, </li><li> limited motivation and encouragement is provided, and </li><li>limited authoritative guidance and control is offered. <br></li></ul> / Dissertation (MEd (Orthopedagogics))--University of Pretoria, 2005. / Educational Psychology / unrestricted
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The effect of psychological intervention on underachievement in adolescentsMcCabe, Delia 10 February 2014 (has links)
M.A. (Clinical Psychology) / This research was undertaken as a result of the researcher dealing with bright children who were not achieving in school. Many of these children seemed to be depressed and lacking in motivation, and the researcher was unable to find recent information directly related to these psychological variables and underachievement. A sample of children were selected from a group of children who had approached the researcher and a colleague for career guidance. Very few of the parents of the children in the sample approached were willing to allow their children to participate in this study, and as a result the study only comprises a small number of subjects. The subjects who did participate in the intervention completed questionnaires related to their motivation levels and their feelings of hopelessness and depression, as these traits were 'considered important in assessing why these children were not succeeding academically. The children then each spent an hour a week for six weeks with the researcher, discussing why they were not achieving at school. These meetings took place for six weeks. The results of this study indicate that the intervention did change some of the levels of motivation, hopelessness and depression for some of the children.
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Female adolescent sexuality in a coloured communityLesch, Elmien 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (DPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2000. / 218 leaves printed on single pages, preliminary pages i-xvii and numbered pages 1-200. Includes bibliography and list of tables. / Digitized at 600 dpi grayscale to pdf format (OCR), using a Bizhub 250 Konica Minolta Scanner. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Little is known about women's sexuality and even less about female adolescent sexuality. Sex researchers have neglected women, young women and specifically young
women of colour and of lower socio-economic status. These gaps in sex research have
to be addressed for at least two important reasons. In the first place an understanding of
female adolescent sexuality will enhance our understanding of female development in
general. More specifically, the prevalence of reproductive health problems like sexually
transmitted diseases (STDs) and unplanned pregnancies among female adolescents
warrant urgent attention.
This study attempted to address the need for data on female sexuality by focusing on
coloured female adolescents in the Stellenbosch district. This target group has been
chosen because of the extent of adolescent reproductive health problems, specifically
the prevalence of teenage pregnancy, in the low-income coloured community. The
objective of the study was to gain an understanding of adolescent female sexuality in a
specific community. This goal was reached by collecting quantitative and qualitative data
about sexuality from a group of high school learners from a historically coloured
community in the Stellenbosch district. Structured questionnaires were used to elicit the
quantitative data. The quantitative data were analysed to determine the following (i) the
range of sexual behaviours, and (ii) the prevalence of high-risk behaviours that the
respondents engaged in. The quantitative results indicate that the research respondents
did not represent a sexually high-risk community. Sexual intercourse was limited to a
relatively small number of respondents. The sexual behaviour of these respondents, in
general, did not differ meaningfully from the sexual behaviour reported in other
adolescent communities. Open-ended interviews were used to generate the qualitative
data. Twenty-five sexually active girls were interviewed. The grounded theory method
was used to analyse the qualitative data and to explore the respondents' constructions of
sexuality. Lack of sexual agency and need for connection were identified as the core
categories in the interview data. The interview data indicated that the respondents had
limited sexual agency and the researcher argued that mothers and boyfriends, as agents
of the community, were prominent contributors to sexual disempowerment. The
use of the term "coloured" is controversial. It is viewed by some as derogatory, whilst others argue the
importance of a 'coloured' identity. Here and throughout the term "coloured" will be used descriptively. The researcher concluded that a new discourse of sexual agency for young women must be
developed. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Daar bestaan min data oor vroulike seksualiteit en selfs nog minder oor vroulike
adolessente seksualiteit. In die verlede het seksnavorsers vroue, jong vroue en spesifiek
gekleurde en lae sosio-ekonomiese vroue verwaarloos. Hierdie tekortkominge in
seksnavorsing behoort om ten minste twee belangrike redes aangespreek te word.
Eerstens sal 'n begrip van vroulike adolessente seksualiteit ons begrip van vroulike
ontwikkeling in die algemeen bevorder. 'n Meer spesifieke rede is dat die die vookoms van
reproduktiewe gesondheidsprobleme soos seksueel-oordraagbare siektes en onbeplande
swangerskappe onder vroulike adolessente, dringende aandag vereis.
Hierdie studie het gepoog om die behoefte aan data oor seksuele gedrag in verskillende
Suid-Afrikaanse gemeenskappe aan te spreek deur te fokus op "kleurling" vroulike
adolessente in die Stellenbosch-distrik. Hierdie groep is geselekteer vanwee die omvang
van adolessente reproduktiewe gesondheidsprobleme, veral die voorkoms van
tienerswangerskappe, in die "kleurling" gemeenskap. Die doel van die studie was om 'n
begrip te kry van adolessente vroulike seksualiteit in 'n spesifieke gemeenskap.
Kwantitatiewe en kwalitatiewe data is versamel oor die seksualiteit van 'n groep
hoerskoolleerders wat woonagtig was in 'n histories "kleurling" gemeenskap in die
Stellenbosch-distrik. 'n Gestruktureerde vraelys is gebruik om die kwantitatiewe data in te
win. Die kwantitatiewe data is geanaliseer om (i) die reeks van seksuele gedrag wat by die
respondente voorkom en (ii) die voorkoms van hoe risiko seksuele gedrag onder die
respondente te bepaal. Die kwantitatiewe resultate het aangedui dat die
navorsingsrespondente nie 'n hoe risiko groep verteenwoordig nie. Seksuele gemeenskap
was beperk tot 'n relatiewe klein hoeveelheid respondente. In die algemeen, het die
seksuele gedrag van die respondente nie betekenisvol verskil van die seksuele gedrag
wat gerapporteer is vir ander adolessente populasies nie. Oop-einde onderhoude is
gebruik om die kwalitatiewe data te genereer. Onderhoude is gevoer met vyf en twintig
seksueel aktiewe meisies. Die "grounded theory" metode is gebruik om die kwalitatiewe
data te analiseer en die respondente se konstruksies van seksualiteit te eksploreer.
Gebrek aan seksuele agentskap en behoefte aan konneksie is geidentifiseer as die
kernkategoriee in die onderhoudsdata. Die onderhoudsdata het aangedui dat die
respondente oor beperkte seksuele agentskap beskik. Die navorser het aangevoer dat
moeders en mansvriende, as agente van die gemeenskap, 'n prominente bydrae tot
gebrek aan seksuele bemagtiging maak. Die navorser het tot die konklusie gekom dat 'n
nuwe diskoers van seksuele agentskap vir jong vroue ontwikkel behoort te word.
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Constructions of male adolescent sexuality : an exploratory study in a coloured, rural communityBremridge, Carey (Carey Glenda) 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2000. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Statistics indicate that not only HIV-infection and AIDS but all sexual and reproductive health
problems are increasing globally. In order to address these issues the socio-cultural context in
which sexual behaviour is expressed must be understood. Given that sexual health risks are
compounded by socio-political and socio-economic issues, researchers must direct their focus
to high-risk, low socio-economic communities.
Adolescents have been identified as a prime target for sexual awareness and preventative
programmes and research has stressed the importance of gaining an understanding of
adolescent sexuality, in order to address the sexual health risks that threaten adolescents. In
addition, there is a paucity of research on especially the role of the male adolescent in the
study of sexual and reproductive health.
In the current study, constructions of male adolescent sexuality in traditionally coloured and
rural communities were explored. The nature of the research was exploratory and the aims
were to determine the range and frequency of sexual behaviour that male adolescents in a
specific community engage in and secondly, explore male adolescents' constructions of their
sexuality and sexual behaviour in intimate heterosexual sexual relationships.
Multiple methods of data collection were utilised. Self-report questionnaires were completed by
179 male adolescents between the age of 15 and 21, at two schools in the rural areas
surrounding Stellenbosch. The data from the questionnaire was quantitatively analysed. Seven
in-depth interviews were conducted with male adolescents between the age of 16 and 18. The
data from the interviews was analysed qualitatively.
An analysis of the data indicated that male adolescents' ability to take control over safe sex
practices are undermined by attempts to defend and conceal their sexual behaviour and
sexuality. Male adolescents from traditionally coloured and rural areas distance and
externalise their sexual behaviour and sexuality. Sexual behaviour is explained and
understood as being directed by external factors and by fear of negative evaluation by peers
and parents. Such a construction of sexuality continues to prevent male adolescents from
understanding and constructing their sexuality as self-owned and self-directed. In turn this
construction continues to result in behaviour that runs counter to safe sex guidelines. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Statistieke toon dat alle seksueel-oordraagbare siektes en reproduktiewe
gesondheidsprobleme, insluitend HIV-infeksie en VIGS, op globale vlak toeneem. Ten einde
hierdie probleme aan te spreek is dit noodsaaklik om die sosio-kulturele konteks van
seksualiteit en seksuele gedrag in ag te neem. Gegewe dat sosio-politiese en sosioekonomiese
omstandighede 'n impak het op seksuele gesondheidsrisikos, word navorsers
genoodsaak om hul fokus te rig op hoë-risiko, lae sosio-ekonomiese gemeenskappe.
Adolessente word geïdentifiseer as primêre teikengroep vir bewustheids- en
voorkomingsprogramme aangaande seksualiteit. Navorsing toon die belangrikheid aan van
insig in adolessente seksualiteit, ten einde seksuele gesondheidsrisiko's in dié teikengroep
aan te spreek. Verder is daar ook 'n leemte in navorsing betreffende die rol van die manlike
adolessent in seksuele en reproduktiewe gesondheid.
Hierdie studie het die konstruksies van manlike adolessente seksualiteit in tradisioneel
"kleurling", landelike gemeenskappe ondersoek. Die navorsing is eksploratief van aard, met
primêre doelwit 'n bepaling van die omvang en frekwensie van seksuele gedrag waarin
manlike adolessente in 'n spesifieke gemeenskap deelneem. 'n Sekondêre doelwit is om
manlike adolessente se konstruksies van hul seksualiteit en seksuele gedrag in intieme
heteroseksuele verhoudings te ondersoek.
Data-insameling het 'n kombinasie van metodes behels. Vraelyste is deur 179 manlike
adolessente tussen die ouderdom van 15 en 21, komende uit twee skole in die Stellenboschdistrik,
ingevul. Die data is kwantitatief geanaliseer. Verder is sewe in-diepte onderhoude met
manlike adolessente tussen die ouderdom van 16 en 18 gevoer. Data uit hierdie onderhoude
is kwalitatief geanaliseer.
Die analise van die data het aangedui dat manlike adolessente se vermoë om beheer te neem
oor veilige seksuele praktyk, ondermyn word deur pogings om hul seksualiteit en seksuele
gedrag te verskans. Manlike adolessente vanuit tradisioneel "kleurling", landelike
gemeenskappe distansiëer hulself van en eksternaliseer hul seksuele gedrag en seksualiteit.
Seksuele gedrag word betekenis gegee en verstaan as gedrag wat deur eksterne faktore en
die vrees vir negatiewe evaluering deur ouers en die portuurgroep, beheer word. Hierdie
konstruksie van seksualiteit verhoed dat manlike adolessente hul seksualiteit in 'n konteks van selfbeheer en selfbesit kan betekenis gee. Sulke konstruksies dra daartoe by om veilige
seksuele gedragsriglyne te ondermyn.
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The relationship between life stress, emotional adjustment and family relationships in early adolescents from low-income urban areas.Adams, Mogamat Omar January 2002 (has links)
The purpose of this study was to examine relationships between life stress, emotional adjustment and family relationships in early adolescents from low-income urban areas. A non-experimental, survey research design was adopted for this study. The sample consisted of 119 early adolescents, aged between 12 and 14 years, from 3 low-income neighbourhoods on the Cape Flats.
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The relationship between life stress, emotional adjustment and family relationships in early adolescents from low-income urban areas.Adams, Mogamat Omar January 2002 (has links)
The purpose of this study was to examine relationships between life stress, emotional adjustment and family relationships in early adolescents from low-income urban areas. A non-experimental, survey research design was adopted for this study. The sample consisted of 119 early adolescents, aged between 12 and 14 years, from 3 low-income neighbourhoods on the Cape Flats.
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