We establish a strong connection between buildings and Hecke algebras through the study of two algebras of averaging operators on buildings. To each locally finite regular building we associate a natural algebra B of chamber set averaging operators, and when the building is affine we also define an algebra A of vertex set averaging operators. In the affine case, it is shown how the building gives rise to a combinatorial and geometric description of the Macdonald spherical functions, and of the centers of affine Hecke algebras. The algebra homomorphisms from A into the complex numbers are studied, and some associated spherical harmonic analysis is conducted. This generalises known results concerning spherical functions on groups of p-adic type. As an application of this spherical harmonic analysis we prove a local limit theorem for radial random walks on affine buildings.

We establish a strong connection between buildings and Hecke algebras through the study of two algebras of averaging operators on buildings. To each locally finite regular building we associate a natural algebra B of chamber set averaging operators, and when the building is affine we also define an algebra A of vertex set averaging operators. In the affine case, it is shown how the building gives rise to a combinatorial and geometric description of the Macdonald spherical functions, and of the centers of affine Hecke algebras. The algebra homomorphisms from A into the complex numbers are studied, and some associated spherical harmonic analysis is conducted. This generalises known results concerning spherical functions on groups of p-adic type. As an application of this spherical harmonic analysis we prove a local limit theorem for radial random walks on affine buildings.

Graded Hecke algebras are deformations of skew group algebras which arise from a group acting on a polynomial ring. Over fields of characteristic zero, these deformations have been studied in depth and include both symplectic reflection algebras and rational Cherednik algebras as examples. In Lusztig's graded affine Hecke algebras, the action of the group is deformed, but not the commutativity of the vectors. In Drinfeld's Hecke algebras, the commutativity of the vectors is deformed, but not the action of the group. Lusztig's algebras are all isomorphic to Drinfeld's algebras in the nonmodular setting. We find new deformations in the modular setting, i.e., when the characteristic of the underlying field divides the order of the group. We use Poincare-Birkhoff-Witt conditions to classify these deformations arising from the symmetric group acting on a polynomial ring in arbitrary characteristic, including the modular case.

Cette thèse a deux résultats d'analyse harmonique sur des groupes réductifs. Soit G connexe et défini sur un corps de nombres F, A les adèles et K un sous-groupe compact maximal de G(A). On a étudié la décomposition de l'espace des fonctions de carré intégrable sur le l'espace quotient G(F)\G(A)/K, en tant que module sur une algèbre de Hecke global. Des résultats similaires que ceux obtenus ici ont été établies par divers auteurs pour de nombreux cas particuliers. La caractéristique principale de la présente approche réside dans le fait qu'il est uniforme. Cette approche a été inspirée par des résultats de G. Heckman et E. Opdam dans les problèmes spectraux pour les algèbre de Hecke graduée. Dans la démonstration, nous avons besoin d'un résultat par M. Reeder sur les espaces de poids des représentations (anti)sphériques de la série discrète de l’algèbre de Hecke affine, aussi, nous sommes confrontés au problème du calcul de certains constantes rationnelles dans le spectre global mesurer en termes de mesures de Plancherel locales.Pour le second résultat, nous montrons qu'un complexe de Coxeter et un immeuble euclidienne peuvent être dotés de fonctions de Morse PL qui permet d'écrire des contractions explicites des complexes cellulaires sous-jacents. Cette approche par la théorie de Morse pour étudier les immeubles de Bruhat-Tits a été inspiré par les idées de G. Savin et M. Bestvina dans le cas de l’immeuble de SL(n). Nous conjecturer que ces contractions ont de bonnes bornes sur leurs coefficients et peuvent donc être utilisés pour calculer les groupes Ext entre les représentations tempérée d'une manière analogue à celle qui a été fait par M. Solleveld et E. Opdam. / This thesis contains two results on harmonic analysis of reductive groups. First, let G be connected and defined over a number field F, A be the ring of adèles and K be a maximal compact subgroup of G(A). We studied the decomposition of the space of square-integrable functions on the quotient G(F)\G(A)/K, as a module for a global Hecke algebra. Similar results than the ones obtained here have been established by various authors for many special cases of reductive groups. The main feature of the present approach is the fact that it is uniform. Such approach was greatly inspired by results of G. Heckman and E. Opdam in treating spectral problems for graded affine Hecke algebras. In the proof, we need a result by M. Reeder on the weight spaces of the (anti)spherical discrete series representations of affine Hecke algebras, as well as we are faced with the problem of computing certain rational constants factors involved in the global spectral measure in terms of local Plancherel measures which are known only in the affine Hecke algebra context.
As for the second result, we show that a Coxeter complex and a Euclidean building can be endowed with piecewise linear Morse functions that allows one to write down explicit contractions of the underlying cell complexes. Such approach via PL Morse theory to study buildings was heavily inspired by ideas from G. Savin and M. Bestvina in the specific case of the building of SL(n). We conjecture that these contractions have nice bounds on their coefficients and thus can be used to compute Ext groups between tempered representations in an analogous way as was done by M. Solleveld and E. Opdam.