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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Gradientes alofônicos de oclusivas alveolares do português brasileiro em uma situação de contato dialetal / Alveolar stops allophonic gradients of a dialect in contact

Pozzani, Denise, 1981- 07 August 2011 (has links)
Orientador: Eleonora Cavalcante Albano / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T21:23:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pozzani_Denise_M.pdf: 1665660 bytes, checksum: 54f6a0969eb31aa8baa3f1dd47d8fdf8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Esta pesquisa descreve aspectos gradientes de uma alofonia do português brasileiro (PB); trata-se da palatalização das oclusivas alveolares /t/ e /d/, que diante de /i/ passam a ser produzida preferencialmente como /t/ e /d/. As chamadas africadas ocorrem categoricamente em certos dialetos do PB, mas em outros estão em processo de implementação, já que são tidas como uma variedade de prestígio. São consideradas sons que apresentam certa instabilidade em suas fronteiras, além de uma estrutura temporal complexa. Sendo assim, a meta é descrever as nuances dos processos fonéticos das africadas em um grupo de falantes de Jundiaí-SP que passa pelo processo da variação, pelo fato de viajarem, diariamente, para Campinas-SP. Segundo estudos de Leite (2004, 2010), o falar da população de Campinas é considerado menos estigmatizado, e mais "intermediário" em relação ao dialeto da capital do que o modo de falar apresentado na maioria das cidades do interior de São Paulo. A partir da análise da fala de cinco estudantes do sexo masculino, verificou-se que a variação não é categórica ou irreversível, apresentando aspectos gradientes. As gravações foram feitas a partir da leitura, em diferentes taxas de elocução, de um conjunto de textos com palavras que apresentavam as oclusivas alveolares diante da vogal anterior. Além disso, também foram gravadas amostras de palavras em uma tarefa de repetição, em que controlamos as seguintes variáveis: freqüência de ocorrência na língua e posição silábica da consoante estudada. Para a análise, foram computadas as medidas de momentos espectrais (Forrest et. al. 1988). A partir da comparação dos momentos espectrais das africadas com os momentos espectrais de um conjunto de fricativas alveolares e pós-alveolares dos próprios sujeitos, estabeleceu-se, em um estudo transversal, o local de articulação das primeiras e a instabilidade das produções do grupo dos cinco sujeitos. A metodologia estatística utilizada foi a Análise de Variância (ANOVA) para medidas repetidas, seguida do teste post-hoc de Tukey, para discriminação das diferenças de local. Pelas análises estatísticas do conjunto de dados, pôde-se observar como cada parâmetro espectral se comporta e, assim, entender a mudança de lugar de articulação. Realizou-se também uma análise longitudinal com dois dos sujeitos, ao longo de um ano. Neste caso, a estatística descritiva de três coletas de dados mostrou que os dois sujeitos observados podem estar em estágios diferentes da implantação e que as estratégias de "reparar" a própria fala podem ser mais ou menos consistentes. Também foi possível verificar, pela análise da mudança de taxa de elocução, que, num caso, há mais controle do uso da variável inovadora na leitura normal do que na rápida. Para complementar as análises fonéticas, também foram feitas entrevistas com os sujeitos, a fim de verificar suas atitudes em relação ao próprio dialeto. Os resultados que investigaram a frequência de ocorrência não foram significativos e aqueles que investigaram posição tônica mostraram apenas alguns resultados com significância estatística. A Fonologia Gestual (Browman e Goldstein, 1992, 1995; Goldstein e Fowler, 2003) mostra-se adequada à descrição e ao modelamento de processos gradientes como este, porque suas postulações teóricas dão especial importância à dinâmica dos processos fonológicos. Além disso, incorporam com sucesso os fatores tempo e magnitude, diretamente relacionados à idéia de movimento dos articuladores / Abstract: The aim of this study is to investigate palatalization of alveolar stops before [i] in a Brazilian Portuguese dialect, namely, that spoken in Jundiaí, a town in the state of São Paulo. Affricates occur in many dialects of Brazilian Portuguese as allophonic variation in such a context, while in others dialects alveolar stops are undergoing change towards them, as they are considered a prestige variety. Affricates present some instability in their borders, and a complex temporal structure. Thus, our goal is to describe phonetic detail in the affrication process, in a group of speakers who are implementing such a linguistic change, due to daily travels to Campinas. Studies by Leite (2004, 2010) show the dialect spoken in Campinas is considered less stigmatized and more "intermediate" than others from the same state. Encouraged by these results, we conducted five case studies with speakers from Jundiaí. Preliminary data of this five male students showed that affricates have continuous characteristics between alveolar stops and their post-alveolar counterparts. First recordings were made in a reading task. At different speech rates, subjects read a set of texts with words that had alveolar stops before the front high vowel. In addition, samples were also recorded in a word repetition task, with the following controlled variables: word frequency of occurrence in the language and syllabic stress. We measured spectral moments (FORREST et. al. 1988) and compared those measures to the spectral moments of a set of alveolar and post-alveolar fricatives. Conservative speakers were expected to prefer the alveolar productions, and less conservative ones were expected to prefer either post-alveolar or an intermediate production. The analyses were divided as follows. At first, we conducted a cross-sectional study, in witch we compared fricatives and affricates articulation of the five subjects using Analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures, followed by post-hoc test Tukey for discrimination of articulation place. Statistical analysis showed the behavior of each spectral parameter. Secondly, we conducted a longitudinal analysis of two subjects over a year. Descriptive statistics of spectral moments of three data session showed their speech at different stages, using different "repair" strategies; it also showed sufficient variation so as to indicate instability in affricate implementation. It also was observed, by changes in speaking rate, which subject were more consistent in the uses of innovation. To complement the phonetic analysis, interviews were conducted, in order to gather some of their attitudes toward their own dialect. Gestural Phonology (BROWMAN & GOLDSTEIN, 1992, 1995, GOLDSTEIN & FOWLER, 2003) has proven to be adequate for describing and modeling the gradient processes involved this variation. Since its theoretical postulates capture the dynamics of speech production over small stretches of time, we hope they also help illuminate the dynamics of language change / Mestrado / Linguistica / Mestre em Linguística
2

Intrusive stop formation in Zulu : an application of Feature Geometry Theory

Naidoo, Shamila 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (DLitt (African Languages))--University of Stellenbosch, 2005. / This study investigates the Intrusive Stop Formation process in Zulu. In this process an intrusive stop arises when a nasal and fricative are juxtaposed resulting in the following seven affricate sounds /þf’, {v, ts’, dz, tñ’, dL, tS’/. These sounds are theoretically distinct from the four affricate phonemes which occur in Zulu, namely /kl’, dZ, ts’, tS’/. In this study the former are termed derived affricates and the latter pure affricates. Two aspects of Intrusive Stop Formation are focused on - firstly, determining experimentally whether durational differences obtain between pure and derived affricates and secondly, using the results of the experimental investigation to facilitate a feature geometry description of the Intrusive Stop Formation process. In the experimental investigation nine affricate sounds were examined. Words, containing these sounds, were recorded in frame sentences by five speakers, using PRAAT, a speech–processing platform. The duration of the pure and derived affricates were then determined. It was found that pure affricates are durationally longer than derived affricates. The next progression in this study was the incorporation of the experimental results into a feature geometry description of Intrusive Stop Formation. Feature Geometry Theory has enjoyed acclaim because of its ability to retain Distinctive Feature Theory – the crux of Phonology – in a nonlinear framework. However, Feature Geometry Theory faces challenges with regard to the extent to which it includes phonetic detail; and its formalization technique. This study – Intrusive Stop Formation in Zulu : An Application of Feature Geometry Theory – brings a new perspective to Feature Geometry Theory with the incorporation of the Duration tier – significant for the description of the Intrusive Stop Formation process. Furthermore the study introduces a more efficient formalization technique, which facilitates the explanation of the process. It is always incumbent upon endeavours like this study, which examine specific phonological processes, to show relevance. In the concluding section the application of the experimental approach and Feature Geometry Theory is evaluated in terms of the contribution made to the disciplines of Human Language Technology and Speech Disorders. A compact disk accompanies this thesis. It contains the sound files, spectrograms and textgrids of the recorded data.
3

Características fonéticas e estatuto fonológico de fricativas e africadas no Guarani-Mbyá / Phonetic characteristics and phonological status of fricatives and affricates in Guarani-Mbyá

Ivo, Ivana Pereira, 1966- 25 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Wilmar da Rocha D'Angelis / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T00:12:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ivo_IvanaPereira_M.pdf: 6651068 bytes, checksum: 6997aedfa7a3caf004ca18d20275721a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: O resumo na íntegra poderá ser visualizado no texto completo da tese digital / Abstract: Note: The complete abstract is available with the full electronic document / Mestrado / Linguistica / Mestra em Linguística

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