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Validation of a community collective efficacy scale in an African context / Wilmien van StratenVan Straten, Wilhelmina January 2007 (has links)
Thesis (M.A. (Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2008.
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Validation of a coping scale in an African context / Carelyn van der WaltVan der Walt, Carelyn January 2007 (has links)
Thesis (M.A. (Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2008.
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Die rol van die ontbrekende vaderfiguur in die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks : 'n prakties-teologiese studie / Fazel Ebrihiam FreeksFreeks, Fazel Ebrihiam January 2004 (has links)
The aim of this study was to do research to see whether the father is absent
in the South African context and design a practical theory for possible use by
a Biblical counsellor to help fathers that can't fulfil their role properly in the
family.
The role of the father can again be restored through Biblical counselling.
This study is done on the basis of the following :
a basic theory is set out on which Scriptural perspectives on the
subject have been researched;
a meta theoretical evaluation is obtained from the three disciplines -
Sociology, Psychology and Social Work;
empirical research by means of interviews and questionnaires.
The empirical research indicated that sampling among women proved that
they experience and live through the absent role of the father. According to
the questionnaires and interviews it was remarkable that all eight women
longed for Biblical counselling.
The study further indicates that Scriptural perspectives show how the role of
the father must be according to the original Fatherhood of God. Scripture use
and prayer are the basis to set practical theoretical perspectives, specific as
well as in general, in connection with the absent father figure. The Biblical
counsellor, leader, minister and pastor can possibly use the guidelines to
explain and set out the role of the father.
The greatest responsibility the father carries in his family is the portrayal and
modelling of Jesus Christ's attributes and example.
The conclusion of this study is that the Fatherhood of God makes it possible
for the father to fulfil his role and function within the family and live it out in
the community.
The father cannot be separated from the family, because the relationship
wherein the father, mother and child stand, is indissoluble. / The aim of this study was to do research to see whether the father is absent
in the South African context and design a practical theory for possible use by
a Biblical counsellor to help fathers that can't fulfil their role properly in the
family.
The role of the father can again be restored through Biblical counselling.
This study is done on the basis of the following :
a basic theory is set out on which Scriptural perspectives on the
subject have been researched;
a meta theoretical evaluation is obtained from the three disciplines -
Sociology, Psychology and Social Work;
empirical research by means of interviews and questionnaires.
The empirical research indicated that sampling among women proved that
they experience and live through the absent role of the father. According to
the questionnaires and interviews it was remarkable that all eight women
longed for Biblical counselling.
The study further indicates that Scriptural perspectives show how the role of
the father must be according to the original Fatherhood of God. Scripture use
and prayer are the basis to set practical theoretical perspectives, specific as
well as in general, in connection with the absent father figure. The Biblical
counsellor, leader, minister and pastor can possibly use the guidelines to
explain and set out the role of the father.
The greatest responsibility the father carries in his family is the portrayal and
modelling of Jesus Christ's attributes and example.
The conclusion of this study is that the Fatherhood of God makes it possible
for the father to fulfil his role and function within the family and live it out in
the community.
The father cannot be separated from the family, because the relationship
wherein the father, mother and child stand, is indissoluble. / Thesis (M.A. (Practical Theology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.
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Exploring the validity of the VIA-Inventory of Strengths in an African context / Itumeleng P. KhumaloKhumalo, Itumeleng Paul January 2005 (has links)
The aim of this study was to explore the validity of the Values in Action Inventory of
Strengths (VIA-IS) in an African context. This 240-item self-report questionnaire that
measures 24 character strengths (Peterson & Seligrnan, 2004), was developed in a
western individualistic context, and it cannot be assumed to be valid in African
contexts without prior scientific evaluation. The current study, a first step in the
evaluation of its validity in an African context, focussed on psychometric properties
such as reliability, mean scores and variance, criterion-related validity, confirmatory
and exploratory factor analyses, as well as translatability.
In a cross-sectional survey design an availability sample of African students
(N=256) completed the original English version of the VIA-IS and other criterion-related
measures of psychological well-being and health, during facilitated group
sessions. The latter scales were the Affectometer 2 (Kammann & Flett, 1983), the
Fortitude Questionnaire (Pretorius, 1998), the Sense of Coherence Scale (Antonovsky,
1987), the Satisfaction with Life Scale (Diener, et al. 1985), and the General Health
Questionnaire (Goldberg & Hillier, 1979). Translation of the VIA-IS into Setswana
and back-translation were conducted and evaluated by a research evaluation
committee.
Results indicated that mean scores of the VIA-IS subscales are relatively aligned
with those in a western context. Twenty of the twenty-four VIA-subscales showed
satisfactory Cronbach alphas reliability indices above .70. The VIA-IS satisfies
criterion-related validity as indicated by positive correlation with life satisfaction,
positive affect, fortitude and sense of coherence, and negative correlation with
negative affect and symptoms of ill-health. The VIA-IS was found to be translatable
with preservation of original meaning, but in some instances technical terms had to be
borrowed. Second order confirmatory and exploratory principal component factor
analyses on the 24 strengths yielded three significant factors, and not six as
theoretically expected, in this African group. The three emic virtue clusters are 1)
Wisdom, knowledge and courage, 2) Horizontal and vertical relatedness and 3)
Integrity in a group context: temperance and justice. This clustering of virtues reflects
a socio-centric, collectivistic African cultural value system. It is concluded that the
VIA-IS may have merit in an African context, but is not completely valid in its
original form with its hypothesised six value clusters. With modifications and
adaptations a more valid version may be developed for an African context. Studies on
randomly selected, larger African samples are recommended. / Thesis (M.Sc. (Clinical Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.
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15 |
Validation of a community collective efficacy scale in an African context / Wilmien van StratenVan Straten, Wilhelmina January 2007 (has links)
There is a lacuna in the literature regarding the measurement of community collective efficacy, especially in an African context. Previously, a variety of studies have used and validated self-efficacy measures in Western social contexts (Chen, Gully & Eden, 2001; Schwarzer & Jerusalem, 1993; Carroll, Rosson & Zhou, 2005). Findings from cross-cultural psychology indicate that human behaviour is not acontextual (Devonport & Lane, 2006; Karademas, 2006; van de Vijver & Leung, 1997). Thus, this study was an attempt to explore the validation of a community collective efficacy scale in an African cultural context.
A sample of 1050 Setswana-speaking participants was drawn from both urban and rural areas. The participants came from a relatively more collectivistic cultural context. Measuring instruments such as the Community Collective Efficacy Scale (Carroll, Rosson & Zhou, 2005), the Generalised Self-Efficacy Scale ( Schwarzer & Jerusalem, 1993), the New General Self-Efficacy Scale ( Chen, Gully & Eden, 2001), the Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC-29) (Antonovsky, 1987, 1993) the Affectometer 2 (short version) (AFM) (Kammann & Flett, 1983), the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) (Diener, Emmons, Larsen & Griffin, 1985) and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) (Goldberg & Hillier, 1979) were used in this study. Criterion-related validity of the CCES was established. Construct validity was determined by conducting confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses on the community collective efficacy scale.
Results indicated a Cronbach alpha reliability coefficient of 0.72 for the CCES and an acceptable inter-item correlations. Criterion-related validity was satisfactory.
Confirmatory factor analysis indicated a good fit and exploratory factor analysis yielded only one factor on the items used.
The results of the study indicated that overall, the CCES may be a valid measure of community collective efficacy in the sample selected for the study based on parameter estimates. Future studies should further validate this instrument cross-culturally in various African groups and contexts. / Thesis (M.A. (Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2008.
|
16 |
Die rol van die ontbrekende vaderfiguur in die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks : 'n prakties-teologiese studie / Fazel Ebrihiam FreeksFreeks, Fazel Ebrihiam January 2004 (has links)
The aim of this study was to do research to see whether the father is absent
in the South African context and design a practical theory for possible use by
a Biblical counsellor to help fathers that can't fulfil their role properly in the
family.
The role of the father can again be restored through Biblical counselling.
This study is done on the basis of the following :
a basic theory is set out on which Scriptural perspectives on the
subject have been researched;
a meta theoretical evaluation is obtained from the three disciplines -
Sociology, Psychology and Social Work;
empirical research by means of interviews and questionnaires.
The empirical research indicated that sampling among women proved that
they experience and live through the absent role of the father. According to
the questionnaires and interviews it was remarkable that all eight women
longed for Biblical counselling.
The study further indicates that Scriptural perspectives show how the role of
the father must be according to the original Fatherhood of God. Scripture use
and prayer are the basis to set practical theoretical perspectives, specific as
well as in general, in connection with the absent father figure. The Biblical
counsellor, leader, minister and pastor can possibly use the guidelines to
explain and set out the role of the father.
The greatest responsibility the father carries in his family is the portrayal and
modelling of Jesus Christ's attributes and example.
The conclusion of this study is that the Fatherhood of God makes it possible
for the father to fulfil his role and function within the family and live it out in
the community.
The father cannot be separated from the family, because the relationship
wherein the father, mother and child stand, is indissoluble. / The aim of this study was to do research to see whether the father is absent
in the South African context and design a practical theory for possible use by
a Biblical counsellor to help fathers that can't fulfil their role properly in the
family.
The role of the father can again be restored through Biblical counselling.
This study is done on the basis of the following :
a basic theory is set out on which Scriptural perspectives on the
subject have been researched;
a meta theoretical evaluation is obtained from the three disciplines -
Sociology, Psychology and Social Work;
empirical research by means of interviews and questionnaires.
The empirical research indicated that sampling among women proved that
they experience and live through the absent role of the father. According to
the questionnaires and interviews it was remarkable that all eight women
longed for Biblical counselling.
The study further indicates that Scriptural perspectives show how the role of
the father must be according to the original Fatherhood of God. Scripture use
and prayer are the basis to set practical theoretical perspectives, specific as
well as in general, in connection with the absent father figure. The Biblical
counsellor, leader, minister and pastor can possibly use the guidelines to
explain and set out the role of the father.
The greatest responsibility the father carries in his family is the portrayal and
modelling of Jesus Christ's attributes and example.
The conclusion of this study is that the Fatherhood of God makes it possible
for the father to fulfil his role and function within the family and live it out in
the community.
The father cannot be separated from the family, because the relationship
wherein the father, mother and child stand, is indissoluble. / Thesis (M.A. (Practical Theology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.
|
17 |
Exploring the validity of the VIA-Inventory of Strengths in an African context / Itumeleng P. KhumaloKhumalo, Itumeleng Paul January 2005 (has links)
The aim of this study was to explore the validity of the Values in Action Inventory of
Strengths (VIA-IS) in an African context. This 240-item self-report questionnaire that
measures 24 character strengths (Peterson & Seligrnan, 2004), was developed in a
western individualistic context, and it cannot be assumed to be valid in African
contexts without prior scientific evaluation. The current study, a first step in the
evaluation of its validity in an African context, focussed on psychometric properties
such as reliability, mean scores and variance, criterion-related validity, confirmatory
and exploratory factor analyses, as well as translatability.
In a cross-sectional survey design an availability sample of African students
(N=256) completed the original English version of the VIA-IS and other criterion-related
measures of psychological well-being and health, during facilitated group
sessions. The latter scales were the Affectometer 2 (Kammann & Flett, 1983), the
Fortitude Questionnaire (Pretorius, 1998), the Sense of Coherence Scale (Antonovsky,
1987), the Satisfaction with Life Scale (Diener, et al. 1985), and the General Health
Questionnaire (Goldberg & Hillier, 1979). Translation of the VIA-IS into Setswana
and back-translation were conducted and evaluated by a research evaluation
committee.
Results indicated that mean scores of the VIA-IS subscales are relatively aligned
with those in a western context. Twenty of the twenty-four VIA-subscales showed
satisfactory Cronbach alphas reliability indices above .70. The VIA-IS satisfies
criterion-related validity as indicated by positive correlation with life satisfaction,
positive affect, fortitude and sense of coherence, and negative correlation with
negative affect and symptoms of ill-health. The VIA-IS was found to be translatable
with preservation of original meaning, but in some instances technical terms had to be
borrowed. Second order confirmatory and exploratory principal component factor
analyses on the 24 strengths yielded three significant factors, and not six as
theoretically expected, in this African group. The three emic virtue clusters are 1)
Wisdom, knowledge and courage, 2) Horizontal and vertical relatedness and 3)
Integrity in a group context: temperance and justice. This clustering of virtues reflects
a socio-centric, collectivistic African cultural value system. It is concluded that the
VIA-IS may have merit in an African context, but is not completely valid in its
original form with its hypothesised six value clusters. With modifications and
adaptations a more valid version may be developed for an African context. Studies on
randomly selected, larger African samples are recommended. / Thesis (M.Sc. (Clinical Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.
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18 |
Validation of a coping scale in an African context / Carelyn van der WaltVan der Walt, Carelyn January 2007 (has links)
Thesis (M.A. (Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2008.
|
19 |
Work-nonwork interference in the South African context / Frieda Eileen KoekemoerKoekemoer, Frieda Eileen January 2010 (has links)
One key focus in the 21st century is adjusting work and personal life in order for individuals
to find a rhythm to help them combine work with other responsibilities and aspirations in
their personal lives. Over the past few decades it has become evident that work and personal
life are interrelated domains and that employed individuals experience interaction between
these domains. Although the amount and extent of work-family research studies in South
Africa have progressed considerably over the past decade, it is not clear how the experiences
of the interference between work and nonwork roles compare to the experiences of
employees in other countries. There is also no South Africa instrument that measures the
interference between work and different nonwork roles in both directions (work-to-nonwork
and nonwork-to-work). This could pose potential problems for organisations and future workfamily
studies in South Africa.
The objectives of this research were 1) to gain insight into the interaction between work and
personal life in the South African context and how South African employees experience this
interaction; 2) to develop a new work-nonwork interference instrument that is suitable for the
South African context and that addresses measurement and theoretical issues relating to
previous work-family instruments; and 3) to test the psychometric properties of the newly
developed work-nonwork interference instrument.
The empirical study consisted of three phases. During the first phase, exploratory interviews
(i.e. 92 interviews) were conducted in order to gather information regarding the interaction
that individuals experience between their work and their personal lives. Thereafter, a new
instrument that measures work-nonwork interference was developed and tested with a pilot
study (n = 245) in order to overcome some of the measurement limitations relating to
previous work-family instruments. During the final phase, the psychometric properties of the newly developed work-nonwork interference instrument were tested (Le. construct validity,
discriminant validity, convergent validity and external validity; n = 366).
Results from the exploratory phase indicated that South African employees experience
various forms of interaction between their work and other dimensions in their personal life
(e.g. domestic, leisure, exercise, studies, community, extended family and
religion/spirituality). In addition, South African employees experience various stressors in
their work environment that contribute to this interaction (i.e. general stressors such as
pressure, overload, workload, stressful working arrangements, and strenuous relationships at
work, and more occupation-specific stressors such as stressful nature of the job and not being
valued in an unsupportive work environment). Additional supportive aspects present in their
work environment included supportive work arrangements, supportive relationships at work
and occupation satisfaction. Results also indicated consequences specifically related to all the
forms of interaction (e.g. time-based consequences, build-up and spillover of emotions, and
energy depletion) and consequences that are more related to a specific form of interaction
(e.g. mental preoccupation, strain on relationships, managing responsibilities, limiting of
work opportunities, energy generation, learned skills). From the exploratory study, very
similar findings were obtained and some unique contributions were made to existing workfamily
literature. The antecedents mentioned are in line with international literature (physical
workload, time pressures, physical stressors, shift work and recipient contact) and the
consequences are very similar to categorised consequences reported in international research
(i.e. physical, psychological, behavioural, attitudinal, organisational consequences or work,
nonwork and health-related consequences).
During the second phase a new work-nonwork interference (W-NWI) instrument was
developed which differentiates among interference between work and various specific roles
in an individuals' personal life (i.e. work-parent interference, parent-work interference, workspouse
interference, spouse-work interference, work-religion/spirituality interference,
religion/spirituality-work interference, work-domestic interference, domestic-work
interference). During the evaluation study various problematic items were eliminated using
the Rasch measurement model. The fmal phase included the validation study where the
psychometric properties of the new instrument were investigated. The results provided
evidence for constrUct, discriminant and convergent validity, reliability and significant
relations with external variables. Tills study provides evidence for the psychometric properties of the new instrument, which
researchers and managers can use to investigate the specmc interference between work and
different nonwork roles in employees' private lives.
Recommendations for future research were made. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Industrial Psychology)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2010.
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Self-efficacy, collective efficacy and the psychological well-being of groups in transition / Sarah Milne RoosRoos, Sarah Milne January 2009 (has links)
The rapid rate of urbanisation, which is characteristic of the current South African context, could have important consequences for the psychological and physiological health of individuals (Malan et al., 2008; Vorster et al., 2000). Communities in transition face challenges that influence every component of human functioning (Choabi & Wissing, 2000; Malan et al., 2008; Van Rooyen et al., 2002; Vorster et al., 2000). Self-efficacy and collective efficacy are among constructs that have been shown to contribute to psychological well-being, and can serve as buffers that could make this process of adaption easier for communities in the process of urbanisation (Bandura, 1997; Karademas, 2006; Sui, Lu, & Spector, 2007).
Previously, a variety of studies have focused on self-efficacy and collective efficacy in other Western and Eastern contexts. There is however little information on the impact that these constructs have within an African context, and• especially on the well-being of individuals finding themselves in these communities in transition. As it has been demonstrated that contextual and cultural factors may influence the manifestation of psychological well-being (Cohen, Inagami, & Finch, 2008; Temane & Wissing, 2008; Wissing, & Temane, 2008; Wissing, Wissing, Du Toit, & Temane, 2006), more context-specific research is called for. Increased knowledge of self-efficacy and collective efficacy and how it manifests the African context could help with the promotion of the psychological well-being of groups in transition. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the differential influence of self-and collective efficacy on the psychological well-being of :individuals within a community in transition.
Participants were selected from a traditionally more collectivistic South-African cultural context. The research sample consisted of 1050 Setswana-speaking participants from both urban and rural areas. They completed measures including Community Collective Efficacy Scale (abridged) (CCES) (Carroll, Rosson, & Zhou, 2005), the Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE) (Schwarzer & Jerusalem, 1993), the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) (Diener, Emmons, Larsen, & Griffin, 1985) and the Affectometer 2 (short version) (AFM) (Kammann & Flett, 1983). The SWLS and AFM were used to measure the psychological well-being on cognitive judgemental and affective levels respectively. Descriptive statistics shed some light on the levels of self efficacy, collective efficacy and psychological well-being within this community.
Correlation analysis was done to test the relationship between self-efficacy, collective efficacy and psychological well-being, and regression analysis was conducted to show the degree to which self-efficacy and collective efficacy successfully predict the levels of psychological wellbeing in rural and urban contexts. Available literature (e.g., Klassen, 2004) suggests that collective values and shared beliefs would be more important to individuals within rural areas because of assumed traditional collectivistic orientation, and that individuals from urban areas will take on more individualistic values as urbanisation takes place. To test this assumption, it was hypothesized that collective efficacy would be a better predictor of psychological well-being than self-efficacy in the rural context, and that self-efficacy will be a better predictor of psychological well-being than collective efficacy in the urban context.
The results indicated that although the group as a whole experience slightly lower psychological well-being than that reported in previous studies, it seemed that psychological well-being might actually increase as urbanisation takes place. Satisfaction with life (SWL) seemed to be more strongly associated with urbanisation than affective well-being. The rural group's considerably lower SWL could possibly be explained by the perception of these individuals that people living in an urban environment have a better quality of life.
While the level of self-efficacy reported for the group as a whole was found to be comparable, albeit lower than results from previous studies, there were no relevant studies with which to compare our participant group's level of collective efficacy. Individuals living in an urban setting reported higher levels of self-efficacy and collective efficacy compared to the rural group This might indicate that individuals who move from a rural to an urban setting do not necessarily adopt individualistic values at the cost of their collectivistic cultural orientation, and in fact have more confidence in their individual and conjoint capabilities to achieve their goals. It was found that a significant relationship seemed to exist between self-efficacy, collective efficacy and the measures of psychological well-being, which suggests a dynamic interplay between these two constructs. Results showed that these individuals' beliefs in their individual ability, self-actualization and personal identity are important for their maintained well-being, and is strongly linked to their shared beliefs in the group's conjoint capabilities.
Results from the regression analysis showed that, in contradiction to the above hypothesis, self-efficacy had a significant influence on the prediction of psychological well-being for the group as a whole as well as in the rural context. Interestingly, collective efficacy had a significant influence on the variance in psychological well-being in the urban area. The effect of efficacy .beliefs on affective well-being seemed to stay the same irrespective of the context, while collective efficacy gained importance in the prediction of SWL in the urban context. This indicates that individuals from the urban context might attach even more value to their collective orientation when they move from the traditional collectivistic setting to a more individualised setting where collectivism is not a given anymore and they have to consciously work towards it.
In conclusion it can be said that efficacy beliefs remain important factors in the prediction of psychological well-being for individuals irrespective of the process of urbanisation or in which context they find themselves. The practical implication is that raising either self-efficacy or collective efficacy will lead to increased psychological well-being and possibly better adjustment during the urbanisation process. Although these results provided some answers, a number of questions were raised about widely held assumptions regarding the cultural orientation of individuals and the effect of urbanisation on cultural value systems. / Thesis (M.Sc. (Clinical Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.
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