Isaac Albéniz(1860-1909) is one of important Spanish composers in the second half of nineteenth century. Like many Spanish composers, Albéniz devotes his musical language based on national materials. In his Iberia, composed from 1905 to 1908, Albéniz not only combines the traditional formal structure and flamenco musical elements, but also applies the twentieth century compositional techniques, such as whole-tone scales and polychords. This research consists three chapters. The first chapter focuses on the nineteenth century Spanish piano music and the life and musical background of Albéniz. The second chapter deals with the compositional background and the musical elements of the flamenco used in the second book of Iberia. The final chapter analyzes the formal structure and compositional techniques of the three pieces from the second book of Iberia: Rondeña, Almería and Triana.