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Thesis (M.S.)--Virginia Polytechnic Institute, 1962. / Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 54-55). Also available via the Internet.

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Typescript (photocopy). / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

Thesis (PhD)--Montana State University--Bozeman, 2009. / Typescript. Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Patrick G. Hatfield. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 57-68).

The effects of apholate on diapausing and nondiapausing alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Gyllenhal), were studied. Different stages, sexes, and ages of the weevil were treated with aqueous-apholate solution. Adult topical application and larval and adult dipping methods were used in the experiment. Both showed the effectiveness of sterilization, and caused high mortality to the treated insects. Adult dipping was an acceptable method of treatment. The best age for treatment seemed to be reproductively mature virgin adults. Egg viability was similar to the check when only the females were treated with apholate. When only males or when both sexes were treated the egg viability was decreased depending on the apholate concentration used. The most effective apholate concentration for sterilizing male alfalfa weevils ranged from 0.5 to 1.0%. A gradual increase in egg viability occurred starting about the 3rd week after treatment. Dissection of the immature adults showed that gonadal development was delayed by apholate. The reproductive organs of apholate-treated mature adults were reduced in size. The treated males do not compete sexually on an equal basis with the normal males, although considerable mixing of sperm occurred during the mating of female weevils with the apholate-treated and -untreated males. / M.S.

Laboratory studies and field observations were conducted to ascertain the development of the female sex organs of the alfalfa weevil during aestivation, to study the role of this aestivation on sexual development, and to investigate the factors responsible for this interaction. Measurements of female sex organs were made in dissected weevils at monthly intervals to observe each of the developmental stages of sexual maturation. Results of this sexual development as it progressed after adult emergence, were presented by means of tables, graphs, and a series of photographs. The importance of not confusing old and new weevils was recognized in this work, since their behavioral patters differ in many respects. The nature and physiology of the aestivation of this weevil was discussed and evidence was presented to support the author's suggestion that this aestivation is a "true diapause." It was demonstrated in this paper that diapause synchronized the sexual growth of the alfalfa weevil to the seasonal changes of the year for species adaptation and survival. / Master of Science