This diploma thesis deals with social policy towards single-parent families in the Czech Republic with focus on alimony policy. I deal more closely with the standard of living by single-parent families and obligated parents. This problem is explored on the basis of theoretical framework called social construction of the target populations. Social policy towards single-parent families does not reflect their needs at the right time. Different approach could lead to improvement of their standard of living. The Czech society has not come with an agreement on reforming the social system to more benefit the single-parent families. Despite the fact that the concept of supporting single-parent families has been formally accepted by European Union and Czech government as one of the top priorities, this proclamation has not brought any real change to the single-parent families` standard of living. I try to understand a present situation/image of social policy towards single-parent families in regard to alimony policy with an application of theoretical framework social construction of the target population basis. For this purpose, I identify the real social construction of single-parent families and obligated parents in the political discourse. I examine the policy suggestions on alimony, and the...

Three years ago, the Ministry of Justice in the Czech Republic stated in judicial practice a recommending table whose intention was to unify the decision-making practice of courts in determining of alimony. The table should rectify a vague treatment of the maintenance obligations, guarantee a legal certainty for all participants and predictability of decisions. The alimony often covers only a part of all costs for a child under conditions that it is paid. The situation is even more problematic because the single-parent families with minors usually belong to the households which are mostly threatened by poverty. These families are most often headed by woman, who bears the brunt of caretaker and breadwinner roles. Their role is also influenced by the disadvantageous position at a labour market. The result of all these factors is usually a feminization of poverty and transmission of the standard of living from a mother to a child. My research interviews were focused on the fact if the table is used in practice. I evaluate its efficiency and represent modifications suggested by the courts. The analysis showed that not all courts use the table or use it at different levels. It is a consequence of reading of the word "recommending". This fact indicates a neglect of any need to use and a broader context...

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:30:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rodolpho Vannucci.pdf: 954127 bytes, checksum: 3d09fa233c7024077f2e127169c9b53c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-28 / The purpose of this study is to analyze the execution of alimony in Family Law, through an organized and current view of the institute. The co-existence of several law provisions which rule or affect the execution of alimony justifies the necessity of this study, to put in order the provisions in a way that all of them are made usefull to grant the execution being as effective as possible. Another justification is the arising, over the last years, of legal renovation, as well as the promulgation of new legal Statutes, making necessary a review of the concepts regarding the topic. Every hypothesis of the execution of alimony in Family Law is analyzed, investigating its singularities and controversies, always searching for a systematic coherency and for the effectiveness of the process. The method used is the doctrinal and jurisprudential research, constantly investigating the set of problems, using, when possible and relevant, data from judicial practice. Such method allows the study to reach its purpose, giving a current and systematic view of the execution on alimony / O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a execução dos alimentos decorrentes do direito de família, com uma visão atualizada e ordenada. Justifica a necessidade deste estudo a coexistência de inúmeros dispositivos legais que regulam ou afetam a execução de alimentos, o que impõe uma organização destes dispositivos que torne todos úteis e os faça servir para que a execução seja a mais efetiva possível. Outra justificativa é o surgimento, nos últimos anos, de inúmeras reformas legislativas, bem como a edição de novos diplomas legais, tornando necessária uma revisão de conceitos que cercam o tema. Serão analisadas todas as hipóteses de execução de alimentos decorrentes do direito de família, observando-se suas peculiaridades e seus pontos polêmicos, sempre na busca de uma coerência sistemática e da efetividade ao processo. O método utilizado foi a pesquisa doutrinária e jurisprudencial, com a constante busca pela problematização, utilizando-se, sempre que possível e pertinente, de dados da prática forense. Tal método permitiu ao estudo atingir seu objetivo, fornecendo uma visão sistemática e atual da execução de alimentos

Submitted by Ana Carla Almeida (ana.almeida@ucsal.br) on 2016-09-20T19:09:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LIMA, RF-2015.pdf: 1344327 bytes, checksum: ae57f121fe3c1a0c6753d031308f9752 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Emília Carvalho Ribeiro (maria.ribeiro@ucsal.br) on 2016-09-21T20:30:23Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 LIMA, RF-2015.pdf: 1344327 bytes, checksum: ae57f121fe3c1a0c6753d031308f9752 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-21T20:30:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LIMA, RF-2015.pdf: 1344327 bytes, checksum: ae57f121fe3c1a0c6753d031308f9752 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-10-26 / A presente dissertação analisou o contexto da cobrança de alimentos no sistema judicial brasileiro. Para tanto, abordou conceitos como família e alimentos. Discutiu a eficiência do modelo judicial vigente e fez um comparativo do direito internacional. O método utilizado foi a revisão bibliográfica a fim de demonstrar a viabilidade dos objetivos traçados no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. Dentre os resultados mensurados cita-se a viabilidade do estímulo de práticas alternativas à prisão civil na persecução de alimentos e o desenvolvimento pelo Poder Público de meios eficazes de facilitação ao adimplemento da obrigação alimentar. / The content of analyzing the context of the recovery of maintenance in the Brazilian judicial system. It thus explores concepts like family and food. Discusses the efficiency of the current judicial model and makes a comparative international law. The method used was a literature review in order to demonstrate the feasibility of the objectives outlined in the Brazilian legal system. It concluded the viability of the stimulus practical alternatives to the civil prison in pursuit of food. Moreover, can be attributed to the State greater emphasis on the responsibility of the food supply to minors. (Tradução livre)

1 Maintenance duty between parents and children and ancestors and descendants Resumé The topic of my thesis is the maintenance obligation between parents and children and ancestors and descendants. After the introduction, I addressed the history of maintenance obligation in family law focused on the legal regulation of maintenance obligation. Act No. 265/1949 on Family Law changed the institute of the power of a father to the institute of the power of parents. Father and mother had and have until now the same rights and the same obligations in the upbringing and nutrition of children. First, the law established maintenance obligation for mothers. The said Act did not make difference between a child born to the marriage and a child born outside of marriage. This Act was progressive. The Family Act No. 94/1963 Call. related to the economic change which had an influence on the vast changes of our legal order. The said Act has been amended for several times. Since January1,2014, maintenance obligation has been regulated by the Civil Code, Act No. 89/2012 Coll. into which the family law is incorporated. The Civil Code is a general code of private law which is, in terms of content, not continuous with the previous Civil Code, No. 40/1964, however this does not apply to family law. The Civil Code takes over the...

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Orientador: Guita Grin Debert / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T21:14:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Oliveira_MarcellaBeraldode_D.pdf: 2982653 bytes, checksum: 82ade3351bb779f78d153d4cc2d94032 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: Essa pesquisa está inserida no tema da 'administração institucional de conflitos' e oferece elementos para a análise da 'mediação' como um campo de práticas e saberes em desenvolvimento no Brasil. Busca-se entender, mais especificamente, como opera a dinâmica dos atendimentos de mediação extrajudicial e o que essa dinâmica produz como justiça. As investigações de campo tiveram como foco dois projetos de Balcão de Direitos da Secretaria Especial de Direitos Humanos da Presidência da República: Centro de Mediação de Olinda/PE e Balcão de Direitos da ONG Viva Rio. Centrou-se, sobretudo, na etnografia da dinâmica dos atendimentos de mediação em Olinda, na análise da documentação produzida pelas duas instituições, bem como na realização de entrevistas com mediadores, atendidos, agentes comunitários e gestores desses projetos. Além disso, esta investigação resgatou os dados da pesquisa de mestrado, sobre a conciliação no Juizado Especial Criminal, em Campinas. Estas instituições fazem parte do que denominei de justiças do diálogo, que trazem uma dinâmica comunicacional, pautadas em um estilo não adversarial de administração de conflitos. Esse trabalho mostra que a mediação opera a partir de três ideais principais: o que busca, por meio da comunicação, o restabelecimento de laços comunitários, em que se pressupõe uma convivência pautada na igualdade e na democracia em que se compartilha noções de 'justo' e 'injusto', possibilitando assim o diálogo; o outro está orientado pela agilidade e desburocratização da Justiça; e, o terceiro, centra-se no esforço de ampliação do acesso à justiça e, sobretudo, aos direitos da cidadania para população de baixa renda. Esses ideais aparecem mesclados nos atendimentos da mediação, refletindo na multiplicidade de práticas levadas a cabo pelos mediadores nas instituições pesquisadas. E orientam a produção de diferenciações e hierarquias, nas relações entre os sujeitos envolvidos na mediação (mediadores, agentes comunitários e atendidos) e na relação entre a própria justiça do diálogo e a justiça comum. As práticas de mediação estudadas acabam produzindo, não um sujeito de direitos da cidadania, mas evidencia-se o reconhecimento das mulheres como 'sujeitos da pensão alimentícia', por meio do controle educativo das famílias pobres e da 'evitação' do sistema de justiça. A própria experiência de trabalho nos Balcões revela aos mediadores, os problemas da comunidade, seus vícios, preconceitos e perigos, impondo-os a tarefa monumental envolvida em promover o acesso a direitos básicos da cidadania, num contexto em que hierarquias de poder marcam as clivagens econômicas, de gênero e de geração / Abstract: This research is placed within the subject of 'institutional conflicts management' and provides elements for the analysis of 'mediation' as a field of practices and knowledge developed in Brazil. We seek to understand, more specifically, how the dynamic of extrajudicial mediation operates and what it produces as justice. The field investigations were concentrated on two projects of Balcão de Direitos from the Special Secretariat for Human Rights of the Brazilian Federal Government, which are the following: Centro de Mediação de Olinda/PE (Mediation Center in the city of Olinda in the state of Pernambuco) and Balcão de Direitos of Non Governmental Organization (NGO) Viva Rio. This research is focused mainly on an ethnographic study of the dynamic of mediation in Olinda as well as the analysis of documents produced by the two institutions and interviews with mediators, citizens, the community agents and managers of such projects. Furthermore, this research analysed the data gathered under my master regarding the conciliation in the Small Claim Criminal Court (Juizado Especial Criminal), in Campinas. These institutions are part of the justices that I have named dialogue justices, which brings a communication dynamic, guided in a non-adversarial style of conflict management. This work showed that mediation operates with three main ideals: one which seeks, through communication, the restoration the bonds of communities, which is guided by a presupposition on a coexistence based on equality and democracy, that are shared notions of 'fair' and 'unfair', that enable such dialogue. The other is oriented by agility and des-bureaucratization of Justice. And the third focuses on efforts to increase access to justice, especially the rights of citizenship for low-income members of the population. These ideals appear to be merged in the mediation dynamic, reflecting the multiplicity of practices carried out by mediators in the institutions surveyed. It also operates the production of differentiations and hierarchies in relations between the subjects involved in the mediation (mediators, community agents and the public) and in the relationship between the dialogue justice and justice courts. The mediation practices studied ended up producing, not a subject regarding the rights of citizenship, but an evident recognition of women as 'subjects of child support'. The mediation operates by the logic of a pedagogical control for poor families and the 'avoidance' of the justice system. The actual research carried out in the Balcão de Direitos reveals to mediators, the community problems, their vices, prejudices and dangers. It also imposes on them the monumental task involved in promoting access to the basic rights of citizenship in a context where hierarchies of power mark the economic, gender and generation cleavages / Doutorado / Estudos de Gênero / Doutor em Ciências Sociais

Text in Afrikaans, abstract in Afrikaans and English / Hierdie studie handel oor die ontwikkeling van die "clean break"-beginsel met verwysing na die posisie daarvan in vergelykbare regstelsels. Dit toon aan hoedat maatskaplike omstandighede die samelewing se siening van die huwelik be"invloed het. Die hedendaagse samelewing is ten gunste van 'n "clean break" na egskeiding, sonder 'n voortdurende onderhoudsverpligting. Hierdie neiging beinvloed die finansiele posisie · van gades na egskeiding nadelig. Dit is 'n feit wat ook in regskringe al hoe meer erkenning geniet en daartoe aanleiding gegee het dat voortdurend gedebatteer word oor wyses waarop die finansiele posisie van vroue na egskeiding verbeter kan word. Daar word tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat die siening van substansiele gelykheid 'n invloed behoort te he op die finansiele posisie van gades na egskeiding. Gesien teen die agtergrond van die fundamentele menseregte handves is 'n bemoeienis van regswee inderdaad geregverdig. / This study traces the development of the "clean break" principle as it has developed in comparable legal systems. It shows that changed socio-economic conditions influenced society's view of marriage. Modern society tends to follow a "clean break" after divorce, with no continuing maintenance obligations. This trend tends to influence the financial position of single parent families after divorce negatively. This fact has been recognised in legal circles and has led to a continuing debate on ways to improve the financial position of women after divorce. My study concludes that substantial equality as seen from a fundamental human rights position point of view, justifies legal involvement with regard to the financial position of spouses after divorce. / Private Law / LL. M.

A presente tese diz respeito à análise das hipóteses de atribuição da guarda dos filhos incapazes de pessoas que, por alguma razão, vivam separadamente, desmanchando eventual vínculo familiar entre elas existente. Corno esse fato não é apto a desfazer os vínculos entre cada um dos genitores e seus filhos, torna-se imperiosa a atribuição da guarda a um ou a ambos os pais (guarda simples, alternada ou compartilhada). A análise da questão toma em consideração os casos com elemento estrangeiro, ou seja, com algum fator que possa desvincular o caso fático de sua subsunção exclusiva ao ordenamento jurídico nacional, ligando-o, potencialmente, a outro ordenamento jurídico, quer pelo fato de um dos pais ser nacional de ou domiciliado em Estado estrangeiro, quer porque a criança seja estrangeira, ou, ainda, por um dos genitores manifestar a intenção de passar a residir no exterior, mesmo que todos os elementos até então existentes indicassem conexão exclusiva com o ordenamento brasileiro. Além da atribuição da guarda, outras conseqüências podem advir dessa relação fática, como a manutenção ou não do poder familiar, a regulamentação do direito de visitas, a estipulação do valor da pensão alimentícia etc. Torna-se necessário, assim, decidir qual a lei aplicável para a regulação da questão, bem como de suas conseqüências imediatas, vale dizer, a regulamentação do regime de visitas para o genitor afastado da convivência diuturna com os filhos, além da fixação da quantia necessária para a subsistência das crianças, por meio da pensão alimentícia a que façam jus. O estudo considera o direito à convivência familiar plena enquanto princípio maior e reitor da questão. O tema envolve, assim, urna série de institutos jurídicos ligados, em última análise, à proteção da criança em suas relações privadas (familiares), sejam elas de âmbito eminentemente pessoal, sejam, por outro lado, de âmbito patrimonial, englobando-se, desse modo, os direitos humanos e o direito internacional privado. Levou-se em conta o direito internacional privado convencional existente, mas ainda não ratificado pelo Estado brasileiro, indicando a eventual pertinência no que respeita a urna futura ratificação. A existência de uma série de convenções internacionais sobre o tema ainda não ratificadas pelo Brasil exigiu uma análise da questão não apenas do ponto de vista do direito interno, mas também, e principalmente, relativa à regulamentação sugerida pela sociedade internacional. O objetivo maior foi dar tratamento sistemático à matéria e indicar ao legislador nacional e ao Poder Executivo - dotado de competência para representar o país nas relações internacionais - um caminho que pode ser seguido pelo Estado brasileiro no que concerne à ratificação ou não dos tratados internacionais existentes sobre o assunto. A falta de estudos sistemáticos no Brasil a respeito do tema tem o condão de justificar a escolha empreendida, indicando a sua importância e sua originalidade, mormente quando se pretende indicar aos órgãos competentes as vantagens e/ou desvantagens que o sistema é capaz de proporcionar, seja na eleição do elemento de conexão posto em relevo para a escolha da lei aplicável à hipótese, seja nos aspectos procedimentais e de cooperação internacional envolvidos. O trabalho, em razão dos preceitos legislativos abrangidos, exigiu fossem seguidas duas metodologias distintas: uma de raiz e cunho dogmáticos a respeito dos institutos jurídicos conexos à questão e outra, de raiz e cunho comparativos a respeito da colação entre os sistemas existentes, qual seja, o sistema vigente no país e o sistema indicado pela sociedade internacional como o mais adequado para regular a questão. O método comparativo não se confunde com a mera descrição dos ordenamentos jurídicos (nacional e internacional), exigindo, isso sim, a análise de cada um dos fatores considerados relevantes em ambos os ordenamentos, procedendo-se a quadros comparativos que permitam ao intérprete atingir qual o sistema legislativo mais adequado para a hipótese. Não é recomendável, na aplicação de tal método, a análise de muitos ordenamentos jurídicos, daí por que a limitação do trabalho. Assim, não se perverte o método, conservando-se a cientificidade que o trabalho visou realizar. / The present thesis concerns the analysis of hypotheses on attributing the custody of children to people who, for some reason, live separately, undoing the possible family bond existing between them. As this fact is cannot undo the bonds between each of the parents and their children, the attribution of custody to one or to both parents (simple, alternate or shared custody) becomes imperious. The analysis of the matter takes into consideration the cases with a foreign element, that is, with a factor that may disentail the phatic case from its exclusive subsunction to the national legal system, potentially linking it to another legal system, be it for the fact of one of the parents being a foreign citizen or domiciled in a foreign country, be it for the child being a foreigner, or, still, for one of the parents manifesting the intention of living abroad, even if all the elements existing until then indicate exclusive connection with the Brazilian legal system. Besides the attribution of custody, other consequences may derive from this phatic relationship, such as the maintenance or not of the family power, the regulation of visit rights, the stipulation of the fee, etc. It turns thus necessary to decide what law is applicable to regulate the matter, as well as their immediate consequences, that is, the regulation of the visit regime for the parent removed from the daily coexistence with the children, besides the establishment of the necessary sum for the childrens subsistence, by means of the alimony they are entitled to. The study considers the full family coexistence right, while a major principle and ruler of the matter. The theme thus involves a number of legal institutions, in a final analysis, linked to children protection in their private (family) relationships, either of eminently personal ambit, or, conversely, of patrimonial ambit, thus comprehending human rights and private international law. The work took into consideration conventional existing private international law, not yet ratified by Brazil, indicating the possible pertinence concerning a future ratification. The existence of a number of international conventions on the theme, not yet ratified by Brazil, required an analysis of the matter, not only from the point of view of domestic right, but also - and mainly - related to the regulation suggested by international society. The major purpose was to provide a systematic treatment to the matter and to indicate to the national lawmaker and to the Executive Power endowed with competence to represent Brazil in international affairs a path that may be followed by Brazil concerning the ratification or not of the existing international treaties on the matter. The lack of systematic studies on the theme in Brazil have the prerogative of justifying the choice undertaken, indicating its importance and originality, specially when intending to indicate to the competent organisms the advantages and/or disadvantages the system is capable of providing, be it in the choice of the connecting factor detached for choosing the law applicable to the hypothesis, be it in the procedural and international cooperation aspects involved. The work, owing to the legislative rules encompassed, required two distinct methodologies to be followed: one of dogmatic root and character with respect to the legal institutions connected to the matter and another, of comparative root and character with respect to the collation of the existing systems, which is the system in force in Brazil and the system indicated by the international society as the most adequate to regulate the matter. The comparative method is not to be confounded with the mere description of (national and international) law systems, but one requiring the analysis of each of the factors considered relevant in both systems, referring to comparative tables that allow the interpreter to decide on the most adequate legal system for the hypothesis. In the application of the method, the analysis of different legal systems is not advisable, hence the limitation of the work. Therefore, the method is not perverted, preserving the scientificity aimed at by the work.

Text in Afrikaans, abstract in Afrikaans and English / Hierdie studie handel oor die ontwikkeling van die "clean break"-beginsel met verwysing na die posisie daarvan in vergelykbare regstelsels. Dit toon aan hoedat maatskaplike omstandighede die samelewing se siening van die huwelik be"invloed het. Die hedendaagse samelewing is ten gunste van 'n "clean break" na egskeiding, sonder 'n voortdurende onderhoudsverpligting. Hierdie neiging beinvloed die finansiele posisie · van gades na egskeiding nadelig. Dit is 'n feit wat ook in regskringe al hoe meer erkenning geniet en daartoe aanleiding gegee het dat voortdurend gedebatteer word oor wyses waarop die finansiele posisie van vroue na egskeiding verbeter kan word. Daar word tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat die siening van substansiele gelykheid 'n invloed behoort te he op die finansiele posisie van gades na egskeiding. Gesien teen die agtergrond van die fundamentele menseregte handves is 'n bemoeienis van regswee inderdaad geregverdig. / This study traces the development of the "clean break" principle as it has developed in comparable legal systems. It shows that changed socio-economic conditions influenced society's view of marriage. Modern society tends to follow a "clean break" after divorce, with no continuing maintenance obligations. This trend tends to influence the financial position of single parent families after divorce negatively. This fact has been recognised in legal circles and has led to a continuing debate on ways to improve the financial position of women after divorce. My study concludes that substantial equality as seen from a fundamental human rights position point of view, justifies legal involvement with regard to the financial position of spouses after divorce. / Private Law / LL. M.