Ethnographers in the early 20th century compiled notes and published reports and books concerning the cultures and life-ways of the California Indians. Among these are the Juaneño (Acjachemen) and Gabrielino (Tongva) peoples. This study aimed to correlate ethnographic data with methods of spatial archaeology and GIS analysis to test if the privately owned resource collecting areas and tribal boundaries described in the ethnographies could be seen archaeologically. Centered on CA-ORA-507 (an ancient chert quarry), the study shows that the boundaries between these resource areas are culturally derived as well as a part of the greater pattern of sites on the landscape and that the pattern of sites on the landscape conform to descriptions of the practices written at the turn of the last century.

Assemblages of Paleozoic age and less significant Triassic and possibly Cretaceous-Tertiary volcanic rocks constitute the Sierra El Aliso, 186 km east-southeast of Hermosillo, Sonora. The Paleozoic section consists of approximately 2000 m of allochthonous Ordovician to Permian pelagic and hemipelagic deposits that accumulated in continental slope, continental rise and ocean floor (?) environments. The lower Paleozoic is characterized by graptolitic black shale and radiolarian chert, quartzite, argillite and local limestone. The upper Paleozoic is predominantly turbidite carbonates rich in benthonic foraminifera, and conodont faunas, subordinate bedded chert, siltstone, sandstone and chert-clast conglomerate. After Early Permian time, but prior to the deposition of the Late Triassic Barranca Group the Paleozoic section was imbricated along south-southeast vergent thrust faults. The Triassic rocks unconformably overlie the Paleo-zoic strata and all thrust faults. The Triassic and older rocks are overlain by the Cretaceous-Tertiary volcanics.

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[EN] In recent years, have increased interest by studying plants species and fruit with nutritional and medicinal properties. The Andean and Amazonian region of Peru is where there are many sources of natural antioxidants. Several methods for the determination of antioxidant compounds including chromatographic or spectrophotometric and other techniques. Although these techniques have disadvantages. Also many analyzes focus in identifying of the compounds generated this capacity and not on the resulting ability. In recent times, it has been proposed the development of electronic sensors called language as a tool to determine the antioxidant activity of plants and fruits. In this thesis has set itself the objective of developing the electronic tongue voltammetric technique for the determination of the total antioxidant activity of plants extracts green tea, aliso, chincilcoma, pachasalvia and inca muña and camu camu and fruits tumbo, goldenberry and kiwifruit. For this purpose has been used a device developed at the University Politecnica Valencia based on pulse voltammetry using as electrodes of noble metal work (Ir, Rh, Pt and Au) and base metals (Ag, Co, Cu and Ni ), applying a pattern of generic pulses between -850 and 950 mV with a pulse width of 20 ms. The results have been able to generate mathematical models predictive of antioxidant activity expressed as Trolox equivalents, of all tested plants. However only have been able generate models for the prediction of fruits camu camu and tumbo is expressed as ascorbic acid equivalents. / [ES] En estos últimos años ha aumentado el interés por descubrir y difundir especies de plantas y variedades de frutas con propiedades nutricionales y medicinales, siendo la región andina y amazónica del Perú un área en la que existen muchas de estas, las cuales, entre otros, son fuentes de antioxidantes naturales. Existen diversos métodos para la determinación de compuestos antioxidantes, siendo los más comunes las técnicas cromatográficas o espectrofotométricas, entre otras. Sin embargo, estas técnicas emplean tratamientos costosos con procedimientos complejos, personal cualificado y normalmente no son adecuados para análisis in situ. Además muchas de ellas centran el análisis en la determinación de uno de los compuestos que generan dicha capacidad y no sobre la propia capacidad resultante. En los últimos tiempos se ha propuesto el desarrollo de sensores llamados lengua electrónica como una herramienta para determinar capacidad antioxidante de plantas y frutas. Así en la presente tesis doctoral se ha planteado el objetivo de desarrollar la técnica de lengua electrónica voltamétrica para la determinación de la capacidad antioxidante de los extractos de las plantas té, aliso, chincilcoma, pachasalvia e inca muña y las frutas camu camu, tumbo, aguaymanto y kiwi. Para ello se ha utilizado un equipo desarrollado en la propia Universidad Politécnica de Valencia basado en la voltametría de pulsos que utiliza como electrodos de trabajo metales nobles (Ir, Rh, Pt y Au) y metales no nobles (Ag, Co, Cu y Ni), aplicando un patrón de pulsos genérico comprendido entre -850 y 950 mV con una amplitud de pulso de 20 ms. Los resultados obtenidos han sido capaces de generar modelos matemáticos de predicción de la capacidad antioxidante, expresada como equivalentes de trolox, de todas las plantas evaluadas. En cambio solo se han podido generar modelos para la predicción de las frutas camu camu y tumbo expresándose esta como equivalentes de ácido ascórbico. / [CA] Durant a questos últims anys ha augmentat l'interès per descobrir i difondre espècies de plantes i varietats de fruites amb propietats nutricionals i medicinals, sent la regió andina i amazònica del Perú una àrea en la que hi ha moltes d'aquestes, les quals, entre d'altres, són fonts d'antioxidants naturals. Hi ha diversos mètodes per a la determinació de compostos antioxidants, sent els més comuns les tècniques cromatogràfiques o espectrofotomètriques, entre d'altres. No obstant això, aquestes tècniques fan servir tractaments costos amb procediments complexos, personal qualificat i normalment no són adequats per a anàlisi in situ. A més, moltes d'elles centren l'anàlisi en la determinació d'un dels compostos que generen aquesta capacitat i no sobre la pròpia capacitat resultant. En els últims temps s'ha proposat el desenvolupament de sensors anomenats llengua electrònica com una eina per determinar capacitat antioxidant de plantes i fruites. En aquest sentit, en la present tesi doctoral s'ha plantejat l'objectiu de desenvolupar la tècnica de llengua electrònica voltamétrica per a la determinació de la capacitat antioxidant total dels extractes de les plantes té, aliso, chincilcoma, pachasalvia i inca muña i les fruites camu camu, tumbo , aguaymanto i kiwi. Per a tal fi s'ha utilitzat un equip desenvolupat en la pròpia Universitat Politècnica de València basat en la voltametria de polsos que utilitza com elèctrodes de treball metalls nobles (Ir, Rh, Pt i Au) i metalls no nobles (Ag, Co, Cu i Ni ), aplicant un patró de polsos genèric comprès entre -850 i 950 mV amb una amplitud de pols de 20 ms. Els resultats obtinguts han estat capaços de generar models matemàtics de predicció de la capacitat antioxidant, expressada com a equivalents trolox, de totes les plantes avaluades. En canvi només han pogut generar models per a la predicció de les fruites camu camu i tumbo expressant aquesta com a equivalents àcid ascòrbic. / Baldeon Chamorro, E. (2015). Desarrollo de la técnica de lengua electrónica voltamétrica para la determinación de la capacidad antioxidante total de extractos de plantas y frutas peruanas [Tesis doctoral]. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/54116

Focusing events are sudden, rare events that become known to policymakers and the public simultaneously, highlighting issues with existing public policy. Two case studies, the gas leak from the Aliso Canyon natural gas storage facility near Porter Ranch, and the publication of the Health Risk Assessment and discovery of lead contamination from Exide Technologies’ battery recycling facility in Vernon, are used to deepen theoretical insights into the development and functionality of industrial health crises as focusing events. The case studies suggest four key areas relevant to understanding focusing events. The first is the unique characteristics of industrial health crises, which often involve anthropogenic risks and a degree of contestation unusual in other focusing event literature. The second is the scale of analysis, balancing geospatial realities with local histories, broad social dynamics and power structures, and the multiscalar nature of policy change. Third, community activism plays multiple vital roles in pushing a potential focusing event towards lasting policy change. Finally, the incorporation of ideas from environmental justice into the focusing event framework results in a better understanding of power and privilege in the creation of, and response to, industrial health crises. All four aspects have been written about in other bodies of literature, but have not yet been brought to bear on the concept of focusing events. These four domains thus add nuance to the scholarly understanding of one aspect of the policy change process, and provide a starting point for further research into the processes governing our public policy systems.