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Hypertension is one of the most common chronic medical problems around the world and it is an important public health challenge. Hypertension can lead to cerebrovascular disease, ischemic heart disease, renal failure, myocardial infraction or stroke. According to the statistics from the Census and Statistics Department, it revealed that the ratio of people with known hypertension was about 11.0% in 2011/12. Exposure to stress has been evidenced by different studies as a risk factor for hypertension. Stress included occupational stress, stressful events from the social environment, and low socioeconomic status. Progressive muscle relaxation therapy plays an important role in controlling hypertension apart from the traditional management such as the use of medication or diet control. Objective The objectives of the translational nursing research are to develop an evidence- based guidelines for hypertension patients to maintain an optimal blood pressure level. Methods 5 electronic databases including Medline (Ovid SP) (1950–Aug week 4 2012), Pubmed, ISI web of knowledge (1956- Aug 2012) , The PsycINFO database (1980- Aug 2012) and Cochrane Library (1950- Aug 2012) are used for systematic search of literature. Five suitable are identified while three studies are randomized controlled trials and two are quasi-experimental design. The 5 studies were summarized and a table of evidence is formed. The Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) checklist was used for critical appraisal. The findings indicate that progressive muscle relaxation exercise has significant effects in maintaining optimal blood pressure for hypertension patients. In order to implement the evidence- based protocol, an implementation plan is developed. A pilot test is implemented before the full- scale implementation of innovation. An evaluation plan is developed in order to assess the effectiveness of the program. Conclusion There are all together 8 recommendations are made in this protocol which based on the 5 chosen studies. According to SIGN’s “Grades of Recommendation”, all 8 recommendations in the protocol are graded as “A”. The innovation is proposed to implemented at an outpatient clinic for the hypertension patients. The progressive muscle relaxation exercise would be last for 6 weeks, which is effective in maintaining optimal blood pressure in hypertension patients. In the views of the transferability of the evidences, the feasibility and the cost-effectiveness of the program, the proposed program is considered as rewarding to carry out at the outpatient clinic in Hong Kong. / published_or_final_version / Nursing Studies / Master / Master of Nursing

2012年，全球大約有1410萬人患上癌症， 820萬人死於癌症。我國惡性腫瘤發病率亦高達235.23/10萬。目前公認的放化療不僅存在副作用，且嚴重影響患者免疫功能，與之不同的是，針灸干預並非直接作用於腫瘤，而是機體的神經-內分泌-免疫網路、心理（安慰）甚至基因方面，使機體產生抗腫瘤的效應，其中提高機體的免疫力即相當於中醫的“扶正固本。本研究擬以針灸抗腫瘤免疫臨床研究試驗中，分析放化療基礎上運用針灸療法的臨床療效，以期進一步臨床指導。 方法：選用國內權威數據庫中國期刊全文數據庫（ CNKI ）、中國優秀碩士學位論文全文數據庫、中國博士學位論文全文數據庫、維普中文期刊數據庫（ VIP ）、萬方學術期刊全文數據庫、中國生物醫學文獻服務系統（ CBM ）以及MEDLINE(OVID)等作為資料來源。選擇在針對放他療治療基礎上運用針灸療法（治療組）抗腫瘤免疫的臨床試驗文獻，進行穴位頻次等基礎數據的綜合分析，並將經Jadad量表評分2分以上的文獻納入系統評價（Meta分析） 結果：經嚴格篩選，最終納入文獻64篇，涉及4286例患者，進行基礎數據的綜合分析並從中選擇品質較高的18篇文獻進行系統評價。從統計結果分析，與對照主比較，治療組在抗腫瘤提升免疫功能方面具有統計學意義， 證實針灸抗腫瘤免疫的療效肯定。 結論：針灸抗腫瘤免疫治療優勢明顯，對各型腫瘤存在廣泛治療作用，但能否實現對某一型腫瘤或某一類免疫細胞靶向性治療仍有待研究。故還需要設計良好的隨機對照及多中心臨床試驗做進一步探討，為尋找腫瘤治療的新出路提供依據。

The purpose of this research study was to determine the acceptability of complementary and alternative medicine use in a pediatric population with diabetes. Subjects included 76 patients who attend or have previously attended a diabetes clinic at Riley Hospital for Children in Indianapolis, Indiana.Once patient and parent approval had been granted, the researcher conducted a telephone interview to gather information. Using SPSS statistical software, frequencies and Chi-squared analysis were performed on the data collected. It was revealed that although subjects had a wide variety of concerns with the use of CAM and were unsure about whether it "could heal diabetes or other health problems," a majority were willing to try CAM. Results also indicated that willingness to try CAM was not affected by the age of the child, the type of diabetes present, use of insulin or special diet, or current use of a vitamin or supplement. / Department of Family and Consumer Sciences

M.Tech.

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目的：主要通過對激痛點相關文獻的收集與分析，初步探究激痛點治療慢性頭痛的針刺取穴方案，同時與傳統針灸的取穴和治療方案進行對比，以總結出兩者的區別和聯繫，為進一步提高治療頭痛的臨床水準提供依據，並為治療慢性頭痛拓寬臨床思路。方法：本文通過對國內外期刊文獻資料庫（ Pubmed 、CNKI 等）進行檢索，搜集激痛點及傳統針灸治療頭痛的有關內容，從頭頂痛、頭後部疼痛、最頁部頭痛及額部頭痛四個部位進行歸納總結。激痛點將從不同肌肉引起相關部位頭痛著手，而傳統針灸將從陽明經頭痛、太陽經頭痛、厥陰經頭痛及少陽經頭痛的取穴方案進行分類。結果： 1 、激痛點治療頭頂痛主要針刺胸鎖乳突肌胸骨部、頭夾肌、枕額肌的激痛點。傳統針灸療法治療頭頂痛局部選穴為百會、後頂、前頂﹔遠端選穴為合穀、中院、足三裡、公孫、太沖、內關。在治療頭頂痛時，巔頂為厥陰經走行之處，但與激痛點相近的穴位中無歸厥陰經的穴位。但頭夾肌的激痛點（與風池相近）為常見治療各部位頭痛的選穴之一。2 、激痛點治療頭後部疼痛主要針刺斜方肌TrPl 、胸鎖乳突肌胸骨部、胸鎖乳突肌鎖骨部、頭半棘肌、頸半棘肌、頸夾肌、枕部下肌肉群、枕肌、二腹肌及舌骨上肌群、顳肌TrP4 的激痛點。傳統針灸療法治療頭後部疼痛局部選穴為天柱、風池、風門、風府、大椎、百會﹔遠端取穴為申脈、後溪、昆侖。激痛點療法與傳統針灸在天柱、風池穴有位置的相近或重合。3 、激痛點治療顳部頭痛主要針刺斜方肌TrPl 、胸鎖乳突肌胸骨部、顳肌（ TrP1、2 、3 ）、頸夾肌、枕部下肌肉群、頭半棘肌的激痛點。傳統針灸療法治療顛部疼痛局部選穴為太陽、絲竹空、角孫、率谷﹔遠端選穴為風池、合穀、足臨泣、外關。在治療顳部頭痛中，量頁肌的激痛點與太陽穴相近。4 、激痛點治療額部頭痛主要針刺胸鎖乳突肌鎖骨部、胸鎖乳突肌胸骨部、頭半棘肌、額肌、顴大肌的激痛點。傳統針灸療法治療額部頭痛局部選穴為印堂、上星、陽白、頭維﹔遠端選穴為內庭、解溪、合谷、曲池、足三裡。兩者在陽白穴有位置的相近或重合，其中額大肌的激痛點與地倉相近，同屬陽明經。結論：激痛點和傳統針灸療法治療慢性頭痛既有相似之處，又存在差異。1 、兩者在理論基礎、治療方式、針刺後效應及治療病種方面皆存在不同。2 、同時，兩者在位置及取穴手段上又有一定的相似和重合。其中激痛點的選穴，與傳統針灸的局部選穴比較類似。但激痛點取穴不限於疼痛局部，還會在疼痛稍遠但與疼痛部位有直接或稍間接的聯繫處選穴針刺。而傳統針刺，常會配合四肢遠端取穴。關鍵字：激痛點取穴﹔頭痛﹔文獻綜述

The most exciting area in current cancer research is immuno-oncology, which aims to develop immunotherapy that activates the human immune system to attack cancers. However, we still lack broadly effective drugs and drug targets for this promising new cancer treatment modality. In an attempt to seek new immuno-oncology drugs that particularly target the antitumor innate immunity, our lab had previously screened traditional Chinese herbal medicine and found that water extract from a medicinal plant, Alocasia Cucullata (AC), has strong anticancer activity in mouse solid tumor models and acts partly by promoting antitumor, proinflammatory macrophages. However, the active components responsible for this exciting immuno-oncology activity and the corresponding immune targets are unknown. Therefore, the aim of my PhD study is to develop chemical biology strategies to isolate and purify the active components of AC from the crude water extract and identify the corresponding cellular targets and mechanisms. Results from my study identified two separable activities and active components, one smaller than 3K and the other larger than 100K, which work synergistically to simulate antitumor macrophages. Further analysis revealed the >100K active component is a large polysaccharide that binds to multiple Toll-like Receptors (TLRs) critical for activating proinflammatory M1-type macrophages. Identity of the Nonetheless, I was able to clean up this fraction by 50 fold and perform RNAseq to examine the innate immune targets of this intriguing drug lead and found it acts to differentiate monocytes to macrophages. Overall my PhD thesis has explored new chemical biology strategies to purify and characterize active components from traditional Chinese medicine towards new drug development and developed a variety of cell-based immune activity assays for identifying and characterizing novel innate immune drug targets and mechanisms